1. A load balance apparatus for controlling an arrangement of a plurality of logical structures that use resources of a plurality of physical machines,
the load balance apparatus comprising:
a storage resource storing historical data representing a history of resource usage by a logical structure, and a criterion value for each of the plurality of physical machines; and
a processor coupled to the storage resource,
wherein the criterion value for one single physical machine is a threshold for resource usage for the physical machine, and
wherein the processor is configured to:
(A) predict, on the basis of the historical data, time-series variations in resource usage for each arrangement control-targeted logical structure for a schedule period, which is a period in the future;
(B) attempt to select a plurality of arrangement candidates for which resource usage is equal to or less than the criterion value in each of the plurality of physical machines for each of a plurality of time segments comprising the schedule period;
(C) compute, for each of a plurality of holistic arrangement plans, a migration cost for migrating the logical structures between the physical machines to implement an arrangement according to a holistic arrangement plan, each of the plurality of holistic arrangement plans being a combination of a plurality of selected arrangement candidates corresponding to each of the plurality of time segments, and a selected arrangement candidate for one time segment being one arrangement candidate from among a plurality of arrangement candidates corresponding to the time segment; and
(D) select one holistic arrangement plan from the plurality of holistic arrangement plans based on the migration cost of each of the plurality of holistic arrangement plans;
wherein the processor is configured to, in the (B) processing, determine, on the basis of a difference between a first resource cost, which is a value indicating a degree of difficult for resource usage of a first arrangement of logical structures to exceed the criterion value, and a second resource cost, which is a value indicating the degree of difficulty for resource usage of a second arrangement of logical structures to exceed the criterion value, for each physical machine of each time segment, whether or not the resource usage of the second arrangement is to be adopted as a target for comparison with the criterion; and
wherein the processor is configured to, in the (B), store, in the storage resource, information for identifying a logical structure exhibiting an exceeded criterion value with respect to a second arrangement for which the degree to which the physical resource criterion value has exceeded is the lowest of the plurality of second arrangements that have not been selected as the arrangement candidate.
2.-15. (canceled)
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claims which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A digital modulation method for providing multiple services, comprising:
multiplexing bits by allocating the bits according to a required SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) of each service; and
modulating the multiplexed bits by applying non-uniform distances among constellation symbols.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the multiplexing comprises subdividing information related to the multiple services in units of bits by using the property that an inter-bit error probability within one symbol varies from one another.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the multiplexing comprises allocating a service with relatively low SNR requirement among the multiple services to MSB (Most Significant Bit) while allocating a service with relatively high SNR requirement to the LSB (Least Significant Bit).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the modulating comprises varying required SNR of a multiplexed service by using the non-uniform constellation.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein an inter-bit error probability is set differently by adjusting \u03b1 value in a mathematical equation below (where \u03b1 represents a value used to make non-uniform constellation; \u03b2 a value for normalizing average power of symbols; Es symbol power; and N0 noise power).
\u03b2
=
E
s
N
0
\ue89e
\ue89e
(
3
–
\u03b1
)
2
+
(
1
+
\u03b1
)
2
2
\ue89e
.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein, to enhance performance of MSB of bit division multiplexing, the \u03b1 value is controlled to be larger than a reference value, and
the \u03b1 value is controlled to be smaller than a reference value to enhance performance of LSB of bit division multiplexing.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising
performing error correction encoding for the individual multiple service-related signals; and
performing bit interleaving for each error correction encoded signal.
8. A digital modulation apparatus for providing multiple services, comprising:
a multiplexer configured to multiplex bits by allocating the bits according to a required SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) of each service; and
a modulator configured to modulate multiplexed bits by applying non-uniform distances among constellation symbols.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the multiplexer is configured to subdivide information related to the multiple services in units of bits by using the property that an inter-bit error probability within one symbol varies from one another.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the multiplexer is configured to allocate a service with relatively low SNR requirement among the multiple services to MSB (Most Significant Bit) while the multiplexer is configured to allocate a service with relatively high SNR requirement to the LSB (Least Significant Bit).
11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the modulator is configured to vary required SNR of a multiplexed service by using the non-uniform constellation.
12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein an inter-bit error probability is set differently by adjusting \u03b1 value in a mathematical equation below (where \u03b1 represents a value used to make non-uniform constellation; \u03b2 a value for normalizing average power of symbols; Es symbol power; and N0 noise power)
\u03b2
=
E
s
N
0
\ue89e
\ue89e
(
3
–
\u03b1
)
2
+
(
1
+
\u03b1
)
2
2
\ue89e
.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein, to enhance performance of MSB of bit division multiplexing, the multiplexer is configured to control the \u03b1 value to be larger than a reference value and
to control the \u03b1 value to be smaller than a reference value to enhance the performance of the LSB of bit division multiplexing.
14. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising
an error correction encoder(s) configured to perform error correction encoding for the individual multiple service-related signals; and
an interleaver(s) configured to perform bit interleaving for each error correction encoded signal.
15. An apparatus for providing multiple services, comprising:
an input unit configured to receive at least one service signal related to multiple services;
an error correction encoding unit configured to carry out error correction encoding for the at least one service signal;
a bit interleaver configured to carry out bit interleaving for the error correction encoded service signal;
a multiplexer configured to carry out multiplexing by assigning a bit to the at least one bit-interleaved service signal according to a required SNR of each service;
a modulator configured to carry out modulation by applying non-uniform distances among constellation symbols with respect to multiplexed bits; and
a transmitter configured to transmit modulated symbols to a receiver side.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the multiplexer is configured to carry out multiplexing by subdividing information related to the multiple services in units of bits by using the property that an inter-bit error probability within one symbol varies from one another.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the multiplexer is configured to allocate a service with a relatively low SNR requirement among the multiple services to MSB while the multiplexer is configured to allocate a service with a relatively high SNR requirement to LSB (Least Significant Bit).
18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the modulator is configured to vary required SNR of a service by using the non-uniform constellation.
19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the modulator is configured to set inter-bit error probability differently by adjusting \u03b1 value in a mathematical equation below (where \u03b1 represents a value used to make non-uniform constellation; \u03b2 a value for normalizing average power of symbols; Es symbol power; and N0 noise power)
\u03b2
=
E
s
N
0
\ue89e
\ue89e
(
3
–
\u03b1
)
2
+
(
1
+
\u03b1
)
2
2
\ue89e
.
20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein, to enhance performance of MSB of bit division multiplexing, the modulator is configured to control the \u03b1 value to be larger than a reference value and the modulator is configured to control the \u03b1 value to be smaller than a reference value to enhance performance of LSB of bit division multiplexing.