1. A pharmaceutical composition for administration to the lungs, comprising a carrier and an amount of an active agent effective for treatment of bronchoconstriction, lung inflammation, lung allergy, or asthma wherein the active agent comprises a compound of formula (I), or pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salts thereof;
wherein the broken line represents a single or double bond; R is hydrogen; and R1 is SO2OM, wherein M is H or Na;
wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a liquid formulated for administration as an aerosol.
2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the composition is prepared by combining the active agent with sterile, substantially pyrogen-free water.
3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 wherein the composition is formulated for delivery with a nebulizer.
4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the composition is formulated for delivery with a nebulizer by acceleration of a compressed gas, passage through a narrow venturi orifice, or by ultrasonic agitation.
5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the composition is formulated for delivery with a nebulizer by acceleration by ultrasonic agitation.
6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the active ingredient comprises up to 40% ww of the composition.
7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the active ingredient comprises less than 20% ww of the composition.
8. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a carrier and an amount of an active agent effective for treatment of bronchoconstriction, lung inflammation, lung allergy, or asthma comprising dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) or pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salts thereof;
wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a liquid formulated for administration as an aerosol for delivery by a nebulizer wherein the composition comprises water, a preservative, a flavoring agent, and a surfactant.
9. A kit comprising the formulation of claims 1 or 8 and a delivery device.
10. The kit of claim 9 wherein the delivery device comprises a nebulizer.
11. The kit of claim 9 wherein the delivery device comprises an ultrasonic nebulizer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claims which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. An inspection method for a direct liquid fuel cell generator having a plurality of cells, each comprising an anode electrode including an anode catalysis layer, a cathode electrode including a cathode catalyst layer, and an electrolyte disposed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, for power generation by supplying a liquid fuel to the anode electrode and an oxidant gas to the cathode electrode, wherein
validity of the fuel cell is decided based on an observation result of time dependent changes of the voltage V of one cell which is caused by generating a current density change I or I (I in mAcm2 unit represents a positive value) satisfying the condition of 0.2I10 in a current density I (mAcm2), which is taken out from an arbitrary number of cells connected in series constituting the direct liquid fuel cell generator under power generation, during a time interval t (sec) satisfying the condition of 105t0.5.
2. The inspection method for a direct liquid fuel cell generator according to claim 1, wherein the current density I (mAcm2), which is taken out from an arbitrary number of cells connected in series constituting the direct liquid fuel cell generator under power generation, is changed in the range of 0.2I5 during the time interval t (sec) satisfying the condition of 105t0.5.
3. The inspection method for a direct liquid fuel cell generator according to claim 1, wherein the current density I (mAcm2), which is taken out from an arbitrary number of cells connected in series constituting the direct liquid fuel cell generator under power generation, is changed in the range of 0.2I2 during the time interval t (sec) satisfying the condition of 105t0.5.
4. The inspection method for a direct liquid fuel cell generator according to claim 1, wherein the liquid fuel is an aqueous solution of at least one of organic compounds selected from ethanol, diethylether, dimethoxyethane, formaldehyde, formic acid, methyl formate, methyl othoformate, trioxane, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 3-propanol, ethyleneglycol, glyoxal and glycerin.
5. The inspection method for a direct liquid fuel cell generator according to claim 4, wherein the liquid fuel is an aqueous methanol solution.
6. The inspection method for a direct liquid fuel cell generator according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell is inspected based on an inspection criterion that the lapse of time of a change I in the current density I from an initiation time to a time when the voltage V becomes minimum, or the lapse of time of a change I in the current density I from an initiation time to a time when the voltage V becomes maximum, is within a previously determined time interval.
7. An inspection apparatus for a direct liquid fuel cell generator having a plurality of cells, each comprising an anode electrode including an anode catalyst layer, a cathode electrode including a cathode catalyst layer, and an electrolyte disposed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, for power generation by supplying a liquid fuel to the anode electrode and an oxidant gas to the cathode electrode, the apparatus comprising:
a load connected to an output from the direct liquid fuel cell generator to consume output power thereof;
means connected to the output from the direct liquid fuel cell generator, for changing an output current density by controlling the load;
means for measuring an output voltage from the direct liquid fuel cell generator; and
a decision device connected to the current density control means and voltage detection means, for discriminating the condition of the fuel cell generator from the initiation time of the current density change, and from the measured results of the change of the output voltage.
8. The inspection apparatus for a direct liquid fuel cell generator according to claim 7, wherein the load connected to the direct liquid fuel cell generator comprises at least two loads, i.e., an external load for stationary consumption of the output electric power from the direct liquid fuel cell generator, and an inspection load for generating a current density change.
9. The inspection apparatus for the direct liquid fuel cell generator according to claim 7, wherein the liquid fuel is an aqueous solution of at least one of organic compounds selected from ethanol, diethylether, dimethoxyethane, formaldehyde, formic acid, methyl formate, methyl othoformate, trioxane, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 3-propanol, ethyleneglycol, glyoxal and glycerin.
10. The inspection apparatus for the direct liquid fuel cell generator according to claim 9, wherein the liquid fuel is an aqueous methanol solution.
11. A direct liquid fuel cell generator having a plurality of cells, each comprising an anode electrode including an anode catalysis layer, a cathode electrode including a cathode catalyst layer, and an electrolyte disposed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, for power generation by supplying a liquid fuel to the anode electrode and an oxidant gas to the cathode electrode, the liquid fuel cell generator comprising:
a load connected to an output from the direct liquid fuel cell generator to consume output power thereof;
means connected to the output from the direct liquid fuel cell generator, for changing an output current density by controlling the load;
means for measuring an output voltage from the direct liquid fuel cell generator; and
a decision device connected to the current density control means and voltage detection means, for discriminating the condition of the fuel cell generator from the initiation time of the current density change, and from the measured results of the change of the output voltage.
12. The direct liquid fuel cell generator according to claim 11, wherein the load connected to the direct liquid fuel cell generator comprises at least two loads, i.e., an external load for stationary consumption of the output electric power from the direct liquid fuel cell generator, and an inspection load for generating a current density change.
13. The direct liquid fuel cell generator according to claim 10, wherein the liquid fuel is an aqueous solution of at least one of organic compounds selected from ethanol, diethylether, dimethoxyethane, formaldehyde, formic acid, methyl formate, methyl othoformate, trioxane, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 3-propanol, ethyleneglycol, glyoxal and glycerin.
14. The direct liquid fuel cell generator according to claim 13, wherein the liquid fuel is an aqueous methanol solution.