1. At least one computer storage device storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform a method comprising:
selecting a common-sense problem from a first source;
receiving answers to the common-sense problem from a second source;
identifying any of the received answers that are arbitrary answers;
removing the identified arbitrary answers from the received answers; and
designating as final answers, in response to the removing, any remaining received answers.
2. The at least one computer storage device of claim 1, the method further comprising sending, in response to the designating, the final answers to the first source.
3. The at least one computer storage device o claim 1 where the computing device is configured for performing the method without a priori knowledge of the common-sense problem.
4. The at least one computer storage device of claim 1 where the computing device is further configured for inhibiting compensation to a source that does not contribute an answer to the common-sense problem.
5. The at least one computer storage device of claim 1 where the first source and the second source are the same source.
6. The at least one computer storage device of claim 1 where the second source comprises at least one human.
7. The at least one computer storage device of claim 1 where the identifying the arbitrary answers is based on modeling the arbitrary answers as a uniform distribution.
8. A method comprising:
collecting, by a computing device, a plurality of answers to a common-sense problem;
detecting any answers of the collected plurality of answers that originated from a source other than human; and
removing the detected any answers from the collected plurality of answers.
9. The method of claim 8 where the source is a bot.
10. The method of claim 8 where the detecting is based on uniform distribution modeling.
11. The method of claim 8 where the common-sense problem cannot be reliably answered by computers.
12. The method of claim 8 where the common-sense problem calls for labeling an image.
13. The method of claim 12 where the labeling comprises a process including a plurality of refining stages.
14. The method of claim 13 where the plurality of refining stages comprise collecting candidate labels, refining the candidate labels based on multiple choices, and further refining based locating an object in the image that corresponds to at least one of the refined candidate labels.
15. A method comprising:
ordering, by a computing device, answers according to their frequency of occurrence;
determining a relative difference for each neighboring pair of the ordered answers, the relative distance based on the frequency of occurrence of each ordered answer of the each neighboring pair; and
designating as final answers any of the ordered answers that have a frequency of occurrence that is greater than a frequency of occurrence of an ordered answer of a neighboring pair that has a greatest relative distance of the neighboring pairs.
16. The method of claim 15 where the determining the relative distance comprises calculating a slope.
17. The method of claim 15 where the answers are directed to labeling an image.
18. The method of claim 17 where the labeling comprises a process including a plurality of refining stages.
19. The method of claim 18 where the plurality of refining stages comprise collecting candidate labels.
20. The method of claim 19 where the plurality of refining stages comprise further refilling the candidate labels based on multiple choices, and further refining based locating an object in the image that corresponds to at least one of the refined candidate labels.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus for measuring an optical property of a sample, comprising:
a source of optical energy and a pair of windows, wherein one of the pair of windows is configured to receive radiation from the source of optical energy over free space and the other of the pair of windows is configured with an incorporated optical detector that is utilized to optically interrogate a disposed sample therebetween the pair of windows, wherein the pair of windows are both moveable with respect to the positioning of the source of optical energy to adjust the spacing between them; and
a processor adapted to control a separation between configured surfaces of the pair of windows at a variable distance (P) in order to pull the disposed sample into a column contained by surface tension or to squeeze the sample during optical analysis, wherein the processor is additionally configured to collect and store information of different optical path lengths automatically of the pulled andor squeezed sample(s), and wherein the window having the incorporated optical detector is additionally coupled to a mechanical stop configured with a system that enables the processor to calibrate a point for minimum path length.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pair of windows comprises a first window and a second window each configured with at least one surface selected from:
a flat surface and a conic shaped face.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein a flat surface of the window configured with the incorporated optical detector is toward the optical detector and a conic surface also configured with the incorporated optical detector is pointing toward the sample.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein a flat surface of the window configured to receive radiation from the source of optical energy is toward the sample and the conic surface of the window configured to receive radiation from the source of optical energy is toward the source of optical energy.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pair of windows are configured with a maximum dimension of 0.005 millimeters (mm) up to 5 millimeters (mm).
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor controls the separation between the pair of windows by directing a motorized mechanism to move a coupled sample platform configured with one of the pair of windows.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to automatically lower the sample platform to prevent damage to the pair of windows as an arm configured with one of the pair of windows is placed down.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to thereafter direct the sample platform to raise and squeeze the sample.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to adjust optical path lengths of the sample by movement of the coupled sample platform.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the incorporated optical detector is at least one detector selected from: a deuterated triglycine sulfate (dTGS) detector, a Lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) detector, a Triglycine sulfate (TGS) detector, an Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) detector, a Germanium (Ge) detector, a lead sulfide (PbS) detector, an Indium antimonide (InSb) detector, a Mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector, and a Mercury zinc telluride (MZT) detector.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the source of optical energy is configured to provide radiation between 0.5 micron up to 100 microns in wavelength.
12. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the processor checks for an expected reduction in sample absorbance in response to reduced spacing between the windows and, if the absorption decreases as expected the processor again decreases the spacing.
13. A method for measuring an optical property of a sample, comprising:
providing a source of optical energy and a pair of windows; wherein one of the pair of windows is configured to receive radiation from the source of optical energy over free space and the other of the pair of windows is configured with an incorporated optical detector that is utilized to optically interrogate a disposed sample therebetween the pair of windows, wherein the pair of windows are both moveable with respect to the positioning of the source of optical energy to adjust the spacing between them; and
providing a processor adapted to control a separation between configured surfaces of the pair of windows at a variable distance (P) in order to pull the disposed sample into a column contained by surface tension or to squeeze the sample during optical analysis, wherein the processor is additionally configured to collect and store information of different optical path lengths automatically of the pulled andor squeezed sample(s).
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: collecting a standard background spectrum with no disposed sample and a reference background spectrum with the sample in place, and storing the background spectrum and the reference background spectrum containing the disposed sample.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: eliminating the collecting step of a background spectrum by further configuring the processor with a mathematical model that extrapolates different optical path lengths to allow the generation of a background spectrum of virtual zero path length with no need to collect data separately.
16. The method of claim 13, further comprising: measuring path length between the pair of windows automatically to include the steps of:
manipulating the separation between configured surfaces of the pair of windows to provide one or more path lengths with only air between the pair of windows;
collecting via a configured software, a channel spectra at the one or more path lengths;
enabling the configured software to use the collected channel spectra and a mathematical model to calibrate the one or more path lengths; and
storing the calibrated values at the one or more path lengths so as to be utilized in operation in the field.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein the other window and optical detector are moved to a location in which they are maintained relative to the source of optical energy, and the one of the pair of windows is moved to adjust the spacing between the pair of windows.