1. An earth-boring tool, comprising:
a body comprising a face;
a plurality of cutting elements positioned over the face of the body; and
an impact material positioned on at least one portion of the body and exhibiting a lower abrasion resistance than the body, wherein the impact material has a relative exposure greater than at least one cutting elements that is located along a substantially similar rotational path as the impact material.
2. The earth-boring tool of claim 1, wherein the impact material is positioned on at least one of a shoulder region and a gage region of the body.
3. The earth-boring tool of claim 1, wherein the impact material comprises bronze.
4. The earth-boring tool of claim 3, wherein the impact material comprises a copper alloy comprising aluminum or silicon.
5. The earth-boring tool of claim 1, wherein the impact material is configured as a cutting structure.
6. The earth-boring tool of claim 1, further comprising at least one discrete cutter, in addition to the plurality of cutting elements, positioned on body.
7. The earth-boring tool of claim 6, wherein the at least one discrete cutter has a greater relative exposure than at least some cutting elements of the plurality of cutting elements that is located along a substantially similar rotational path as the at least one discrete cutter.
8. The earth-boring tool of claim 7, wherein the impact material positioned on at least one portion of the body is positioned proximate the at least one discrete cutter along a substantially similar rotational path as the at least one discrete cutter and has a greater relative exposure than the exposure of the at least one discrete cutter.
9. The earth-boring tool of claim 1, further comprising a hardfacing material positioned between the impact material and at least a portion of the body underlying the impact material, the hardfacing material exhibiting a higher abrasion resistance than the impact material.
10. The earth-boring tool of claim 1, wherein the impact material has a relative exposure greater than at least some cutting elements of the plurality of cutting elements.
11. A method of drilling material of a casing disposed in a subterranean formation, comprising:
directing a rotating earth-boring tool toward an inner surface of a casing, the earth-boring tool comprising an impact material positioned on at least one portion of a body of the earth-boring tool, the impact material having a lower abrasion resistance than the body and a relative exposure greater than a relative exposure of a plurality of cutting elements disposed on the body and located along a substantially similar rotational path as the impact material;
during rotation, engaging the inner surface of the casing with at least the impact material positioned on the at least one portion of the body; and
wearing away the impact material responsive to engagement thereof with the inner surface of the casing as the earth-boring tool cuts into the inner surface of the casing.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein directing the rotating earth-boring tool toward the inner surface of the casing comprises employing a whipstock to direct the rotating earth-boring tool toward the inner surface of the casing.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein engaging the inner surface of the casing with the impact material comprises engaging the inner surface of the casing with the impact material positioned on a shoulder region of the body.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein wearing away the impact material as the earth-boring tool cuts into the surface of the casing comprises wearing away the impact material to expose at least one of another cutting structure and the plurality of cutting elements.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein wearing away the impact material to expose at least one of another cutting structure and the plurality of cutting elements comprises wearing away the impact material to expose the at least one of another cutting structure and the plurality of cutting elements when the earth-boring tool has cut about 5 inches (12.7 cm) into the casing.
16. The method of claim 11, further comprising continuing to drill into the subterranean formation outside of the casing.
17. A method of drilling material of a casing disposed in a subterranean formation, comprising:
directing a rotating earth-boring tool toward an inner surface of a casing, the earth-boring tool comprising an impact material positioned on at least one portion of a body of the earth-boring tool, the impact material having a lower abrasion resistance than the body and a relative exposure at least substantially equal to a relative exposure of a plurality of cutting elements disposed on the body;
during rotation, engaging the inner surface of the casing with at least the impact material positioned on the at least one portion of the body; and
wearing away the impact material responsive to engagement thereof with the inner surface of the casing as the earth-boring tool cuts into the inner surface of the casing to expose at least one of another cutting structure and the plurality of cutting elements when the earth-boring tool establishes a cutting pattern in the casing.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein directing the rotating earth-boring tool toward the inner surface of the casing comprises employing a whipstock to direct the rotating earth-boring tool toward the inner surface of the casing.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein engaging the inner surface of the casing with the impact material comprises engaging the inner surface of the casing with the impact material positioned on a shoulder region of the body.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein wearing away the impact material to expose at least one of another cutting structure and the plurality of cutting elements when the earth-boring tool establishes the cutting pattern in the casing comprises wearing away the impact material to expose the at least one of another cutting structure and the plurality of cutting elements when the earth-boring tool has cut about 5 inches (12.7 cm) into the casing.
21. The method of claim 17, further comprising continuing to drill into the subterranean formation outside of the casing.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system for communicating over a network having a plurality of secured users utilizing multi-level network security devices and a plurality of unsecured users employing no network security devices, said system comprising:
an interface unit configured to send a message from a first user;
a first multi-level network security device configured to:
intercept said message from the first user; and
discard said message if said message violates security parameters associated with said interface unit,
wherein in a first mode, the first multi-level network security device is configured to send said message to a second user, and
wherein in a second mode, the first multi-level network security device comprises an encryptor configured to encrypt said message and send said encrypted message to a second multi-level network security device, and wherein in said second mode the second multi-level network security device comprises a decryptor configured to decrypt the message and send said decrypted message from said second multi-level network security device to a third user selected from said plurality of secured users.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a third multi-level network security device configured to intercept said encrypted message, validate a signature of said first multi-level network security interface, and send said encrypted message from said third multi-level network security interface to said second multi-level network security interface.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein each multi-level network security device is configured to use association establishment messages for authenticating other multi-level network security interfaces.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein each multi-level network security device is configured to use association establishment messages for exchanging security parameters between said multi-level network security interfaces.
5. A system for mixed enclave communications over a network having both secured and unsecured users, the system comprising:
a network security device configured to permit communication over the network between one of said secured users and one of said unsecured users, and further configured to dynamically determine whether a user initiating communication is one of said secured users or one of said unsecured users; and
a control module operationally coupled to said network security device, the control module being configured to control passage of information between said one of said secured users and said one of said unsecured users to secure information residing with said one of said secured users against transfer to said one of said unsecured users when not permissible, wherein the network security device is configured to use association establishment messages sent over the network for said secured users in authenticating each other, and wherein the network security device is configured to use association establishment messages for the secured users exchanging security parameters.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the network security device is configured to examine Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for identifying the secured and unsecured users.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the network security device comprises an encryptor configured to encrypt information residing with one of the secured users.
8. An apparatus for providing multi-level security in a computer network having a plurality of users and at least one relatively secure portion relative to at least one relatively unsecure portion of the network, the apparatus comprising:
a network security device configured to intercept a message transmitted between said at least one secure and said at least one unsecure portions of said network, and further configured to determine whether transmission of said intercepted message violates network security parameters;
an encryptor configured to encrypt said intercepted message if said intercepted message:
originates from a first secure portion of said network,
is destined for a second secure portion of said network, and
wherein said computer network is configured so that said intercepted message traverses an unsecure portion of said network to reach said second secure portion of said network; and
if said network security device determines that said intercepted message violates said network security parameters:
in a first mode, the network security device is configured to transmit said intercepted message; and,
in a second mode, the network security device is configured to transmit said encrypted intercepted message.
9. The apparatus claim 8, wherein the network security device is further configured to select the types of messages that are permissible.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the network security device is further configured to examine Internet protocol (IP) addresses for identifying the source and destination of said message.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the network security device is further configured to use association establishment messages for allowing those users which reside in said at least one secure portion of said network to authenticate other users residing in other secure portions of said network.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said association establishment messages comprise security parameters.
13. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a host configured to utilize a message intended to evoke a response from a destination user selected from said plurality of users and intended to receive said message to determine whether said destination user resides in the same portion of the network as a source user selected from said plurality which sent said message.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said message intended to evoke a response from said destination user comprises a message which evokes a response only if said destination user and source user reside in the same portion of said network.
15. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a waiting queue configured to queue passage of information.
16. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the network security device is configured to create an entry in an association table indicative of the source of a received message.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the network security device is configured to compare the message destination’s security level to that of the source of said intercepted message, so as to determine if said intercepted message may proceed.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the network security device is configured to release said intercepted message if the message destination’s security level is higher than that of the source.
19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the network security device is configured to communicate the message between the message source and destination if the message destination’s security level is equivalent to that of the source.
20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the network security device is configured to prohibit release of said message when the message destination’s security level is lower than that of the source unless said message is predicted.
21. An apparatus for communicating over a network having a plurality of secured users utilizing multi-level network security devices and a plurality of unsecured users, the apparatus comprising:
a first network security device configured to control the transmission of a message from a first user to a second user, wherein
in the event that either (a) the first user is a secured user and the second user is an unsecured user, or (b) the first user is an unsecured user and the second user is a secured user, the first network security device is configured to intercept a message sent by the first user, determine whether transmission of said message breaches network security parameters, and transmit said message to said second user if transmission of said message does not breach network security parameters, and
in the event that both the first and second users are secured users, the first network security device is configured to
intercept the message sent by the first user,
determine whether transmission of said message breaches network security parameters,
encrypt said message,
transmit said encrypted message to a second network security device utilized by said second user if transmission of said message does not breach network security parameters, and
the second network security device is configured to decrypt said encrypted message and transmit said decrypted message to the second user.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the first network security device is configured to compare the message destination’s security level to that of the source of said intercepted message.
23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein:
when the message destination’s security level is higher than that of the source, the intercepted message is permissible to be released;
when the message destination’s security level is equivalent to that of the source, information transfers between the source and destination; and,
when the message destination’s security level is lower than that of the source, the intercepted message is not permissible to be released, unless said message is predicted.
24. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein said message is predicted if another message is first received by the source from the destination.
25. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein said message is predicted if said message responds to another message from the destination.
26. An apparatus for communicating over a network having a plurality of secured users utilizing multi-level network security devices and a plurality of unsecured users, the apparatus comprising:
a multi-level network security device configured to:
intercept a message from a source to a destination;
determine a first security parameter associated with the source;
determine a second security parameter associated with the destination, wherein the device is configured to send association establishment messages over the network to determine at least one of the first or second security parameters;
identify a security policy based on the first and second security parameter;
determine whether said message complies with said security policy; and
transmit said message to the destination if said message complies with said security policy.
27. The system of claim 26, wherein the system further comprises an encryptor configured to encrypt said message if so specified by said security policy.
28. The system of claim 26, wherein the first security parameter identifies the source as one of a secured or unsecured user.
29. The system of claim 26, wherein the second security parameter identifies the destination as a secured or unsecured user.
30. The system of claim 26, wherein at least one of the first or second security parameters identifies a classification level of data.
31. The system of claim 26, wherein the multi-level network security device is configured to inhibit covert channel use.
32. The system of claim 31, wherein the multi-level network security device is configured to limit the rate of data transfer between a secure source and an insecure destination to a convert channel rate.
33. The system of claim 26, wherein the multi-level network security device is configured to inhibit denial of service attacks.
34. The system of claim 26, wherein the multi-level network security device is configured to inhibit denial of service attacks.
35. A method for mixed enclave communications over a network including both secured and unsecured users, said method comprising:
permitting communications over the network between one of said secured users and one of said unsecured users;
discovering dynamically using messages sent over the network by said secured user whether a user initiating communications is one of said secured users or one of said unsecured users;
controlling passage of information between said one of said secured users and said one of said unsecured users for securing given information residing with said one of said secured users against transference to said one of said unsecured users when not permissible; and
inhibiting covert channel use.
36. The method of claim 35, wherein inhibiting covert channel use comprises limiting the rate of data transfer between a secure source and an insecure destination to a convert channel rate.
37. The method of claim 35, wherein permitting communication comprises permitting Internet Protocol communications.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein inhibiting covert channel use comprises detecting dialog sequence errors.
39. The method of claim 35, wherein discovering includes using Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for identifying the secured and unsecured users.
40. The method of claim 35, wherein discovering includes using association establishment messages for said secured users authenticating each other.
41. The method of claim 35, wherein discovering includes using association establishment messages for the secured users exchanging security parameters.
42. The method of claim 35, wherein for communications between one of the secured users and one of the unsecured users, the secured user employs a waiting queue to influence passage of information.
43. The method of claim 35, wherein controlling passage of information comprises:
determining when one of the secured users receives initial information from one of the unsecured users that is not already established; and
creating an entry in an association table indicative of at least the unsecured user’s IP address and association type.
44. The method of claim 43, wherein controlling passage of information comprises further comparing a security level of the one of the secured users to that of the unsecured user for determining if information to the unsecured user can be allowed to proceed.