1. An optical device for a semiconductor based lamp, the optical device comprising:
a semiconductor based light-emitting device; and
a light-redirecting member having a reflective surface that redirects at least some of the light emitted from the semiconductor-based light-emitting device ambiently, away from the lamp, and into the surrounding environment in divergent lateral and at least partially downward directions, without further reflection;
the light-redirecting member also passing some of the light emitted from the semiconductor-based light-emitting device upwardly into a surrounding environment.
2. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the optical device radiates light broadly and divergently about the optical device into the surrounding environment, including generally upward, lateral, and at least partially downward directions.
3. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor-based light-emitting device comprises at least one light-emitting diode.
4. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the reflective surface is approximately conical.
5. The optical device of claim 4, wherein the light-redirecting member comprises an opening, and the approximately conical reflective surface surrounds the opening.
6. The optical device of claim 4, wherein both vertical and horizontal cross-sections of the approximately conical reflective surface are curved.
7. The optical device of claim 6, further comprising a frosted semi-transparent cover enclosing the light-emitting device and light-redirecting member.
8. The optical device of claim 7, further comprising a gap between the semi-transparent cover and an outer edge of the light-redirecting member, the gap passing some of the light emitted from the semiconductor-based light-emitting device upwardly into a surrounding environment.
9. The optical device of claim 4, wherein a vertex angle defined by the approximately conical reflective surface is relatively narrower for a first portion of the light-redirecting member near a base of the light-redirecting member than for a second portion of the light-redirecting member far from the base of the light-redirecting member.
10. The optical device of claim 9, further comprising a frosted semi-transparent cover enclosing the light-emitting device and light-redirecting member.
11. The optical device of claim 10, further comprising a base for mounting or seating the semiconductor-based light emitting device.
12. The optical device of claim 10, further comprising a gap between the semi-transparent cover and an outer edge of the light-redirecting member, the gap passing some of the light emitted from the semiconductor-based light-emitting device upwardly into a surrounding environment.
13. An optical device for a semiconductor based lamp, the optical device comprising:
a semiconductor based light-emitting device; and
a light-redirecting member having a reflective surface that redirects at least some of the light emitted from the semiconductor-based light-emitting device ambiently, away from the lamp, and into the surrounding environment in divergent lateral and at least partially downward directions, without further reflection;
a frosted semi-transparent cover enclosing the light-emitting device and light-redirecting member; and
a gap between the semi-transparent cover and an outer edge of the light-redirecting member, the gap passing some of the light emitted from the semiconductor-based light-emitting device upwardly into a surrounding environment.
14. The optical device of claim 13, wherein the optical device radiates light broadly and divergently about the optical device into the surrounding environment, including generally upward, lateral, and at least partially downward directions.
15. The optical device of claim 13, wherein the semiconductor-based light-emitting device comprises at least one light-emitting diode.
16. The optical device of claim 13, wherein the reflective surface is approximately conical.
17. The optical device of claim 16, wherein the light-redirecting member comprises an opening, and the approximately conical reflective surface surrounds the opening.
18. The optical device of claim 16, wherein both vertical and horizontal cross-sections of the approximately conical reflective surface are curved.
19. The optical device of claim 16, wherein a vertex angle defined by the approximately conical reflective surface is relatively narrower for a first portion of the light-redirecting member near a base of the light-redirecting member than for a second portion of the light-redirecting member far from the base of the light-redirecting member.
20. The optical device of claim 13, further comprising a base for mounting or seating the semiconductor-based light emitting device.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for identifying a biomarker indicative of cervical precancer or cancer in a patient comprising generating an expression profile comprising measuring expression of at least three miRNAs in a cervical sample from a patient suspected of having a pre-cancerous or cancerous cervical condition, wherein expression of hsa-miR-21 is measured using a nucleic acid probe comprising a sequence that is at least 95% identical or complementary to each of SEQ ID NO:183, expression of hsa-miR-143 is measured using a nucleic acid probe comprising a sequence that is at least 95% identical or complementary to each of SEQ ID NO:123, and expression of hsa-miR-218 is measured using a nucleic acid probe comprising a sequence that is at least 95% identical or complementary to each of SEQ ID NO:192,
and identifying the patient as having biomarkers indicative of cervical precancer or cancer after measuring an increase in hsa-miR-21 expression and decreases in hsa-miR-143 and hsa-miR-218 expression compared to an expression profile of a normal cervical sample or a reference sample.
2. The method of claim 1, comprising measuring one or more miRNA that is hsa-miR-1 (SEQ ID NO:87), hsa-miR-224 (SEQ ID NO:199), hsa-miR-15b (SEQ ID NO:139), or hsa-miR-21* (SEQ ID NO:486).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient is identified as having a biomarker indicative of cervical cancer based on measuring a increased expression of hsa-miR-21 in the patient’s sample.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the expression profile shows decreased expression of hsa-miR-1 or increased expression of hsa-miR-224, hsa-miR-15b, or hsa-miR-21* in the sample relative to the expression level of normal sample.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein decreased expression of hsa-miR-1 is measured in the sample relative to the normal sample.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample from the patient is isolated RNA, fresh tissue or cells, frozen tissue or cells, fixed tissue or cells, or embedded tissue or cells.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the cervical precancer is cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cervical cancer is cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising obtaining the cervical sample from the patient.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising labeling miRNA from the cervical sample.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising hybridizing the labeled miRNA to one or more miRNA probes.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the expression profile of the one or more miRNA involves an amplification assay.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more miRNA is all or part of one or more of hsa-miR-1, hsa-miR-15b, hsa-miR-133a, hsa-miR-205, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-204, hsa-miR-195, hsa-miR-100, hsa-miR-99a, hsa-miR-368, hsa-miR-183, hsa-miR-224, hsa-miR-21* or combination thereof.
14. A method for identifying a biomarker indicative of cervical precancer or cancer in a patient comprising:
a) measuring an expression profile of at least three miRNAs that includes has-miR-21 in a cervical sample from a patient suspected of having a pre-cancerous or cancerous cervical condition, wherein hybridization or amplification of miRNA is used to measure the expression profile, wherein expression of hsa-miR-21 is measured using a nucleic acid probe comprising a sequence that at least 95% identical or complementary to each of SEQ ID NO:183, expression of hsa-miR-143 is measured using a nucleic acid probe comprising a sequence that is at least 95% identical or complementary to each of SEQ ID NO:123, and expression of hsa-miR-218 is measured using a nucleic acid probe comprising a sequence that is at least 95% identical or complementary to each of SEQ ID NO:192, and
b) identifying the patient as having biomarkers indicative of cervical precancer or cancer after measuring an increase in hsa-miR-21 expression and decreases in hsa-miR-143 and hsa-miR-218 expression compared to an expression profile of a normal cervical sample.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the expression profile includes one or more of hsa-miR-1, hsa-miR-15b, hsa-miR-133a, hsa-miR-205, hsa-miR-204, hsa-miR-195, hsa-miR-100, hsa-miR-99a, hsa-miR-368, hsa-miR-183, hsa-miR-224, hsa-miR-21* or combination thereof.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein measuring the expression profile involves miRNA hybridization or amplification.
17. A method for identifying a biomarker indicative of cervical precancer or cancer in a patient comprising:
a) measuring increased hsa-miR-21 and reduced hsa-miR-143 and hsa-miR-218 expression in a cervical sample from a patient suspected of having a pre-cancerous or cancerous cervical condition compared to an expression profile of a reference cervical sample, wherein expression of hsa-miR-21 is measured using a nucleic acid probe comprising a sequence that is at least 95% identical or complementary to each of SEQ ID NO:183, expression of hsa-miR-143 is measured using a nucleic acid probe comprising a sequence that is at least 95% identical or complementary to each of SEQ ID NO:123, and expression of hsa-miR-218 is measured using a nucleic acid probe comprising a sequence that is at least 95% identical or complementary to each of SEQ ID NO:192; and
b) identifying the patient as having biomarkers indicative of cervical precancer or cancer.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the expression profile includes one or more of hsa-miR-1, hsa-miR-15b, hsa-miR-133a, hsa-miR-205, hsa-miR-204, hsa-miR-195, hsa-miR-100, hsa-miR-99a, hsa-miR-368, hsa-miR-183, hsa-miR-224, hsa-miR-21* or combination thereof.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein measuring the expression profile involves miRNA amplification.