What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for mapping CELP parameters between a source codec and a destination codec, the apparatus comprising:
an LSP mapping module;
an adaptive codebook mapping module coupled to the LSP mapping module;
a fixed codebook mapping module coupled to the LSP mapping module and the adaptive codebook mapping module;
wherein the LSP mapping module comprises:
an LP overflow module configured to process information associated with a plurality of interpolated LSP parameters and generate an overflow signal based on at least information associated with the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters;
an LSP parameter modification module configured to modify at least one frequency of at least one of the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters in response to the overflow signal;
wherein the adaptive codebook mapping module comprises a first pitch gain codebook, the first pitch gain codebook including a first plurality of entries, each of the first plurality of entries including a plurality of terms and a plurality of sums associated with the plurality of terms;
wherein the fixed codebook mapping module comprises:
a first target processing module configured to process a first target signal and generate a first modified target signal;
a pulse search module configured to locate a first plurality of pulse positions and signs for a plurality of pulses in a subframe based on at least information associated with the first modified target signal;
a fixed codebook gain estimation module configured to estimate a fixed codebook gain for the subframe based on at least information associated with the first plurality of pulse positions and signs;
a pulse position searching module configured to receive the first modified target signal, an impulse response signal and the estimated fixed codebook gain and to output a second plurality of pulse positions and signs for the plurality of pulses.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the LSP parameter modification module is further configured to increase or decrease the at least one frequency of the at least one of the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters in response to the overflow signal.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the LSP parameter modification module is substantially free from a degradation of a signal quality.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein a decoder of the destination codec is free from a signal overflow.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the plurality of terms are associated with at least one element related to a first gain coefficient for a first tap of a pitch filter, and the plurality of sums are associated with a plurality of products, the plurality of products associated with at least a second gain coefficient for a second tap of the pitch filter and a third gain coefficient for a third tap of the pitch filter.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the second tap of the pitch filter is the same as the third tap of the pitch filter.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the adaptive codebook mapping module is associated with a destination codec including a multi-tap pitch filter.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the pulse position searching module comprises:
a single track pulse search module configured to locate at least one position and one sign of at least one pulse in a first track;
a target update module configured to remove a contribution of the at least one pulse from the first target signal and output a first updated target signal;
a second target processing module configured to receive the first updated target signal and output a second modified target signal;
a buffer module configured to store the at least one position and one sign of the at least one pulse in the first track and output the second plurality of pulse positions and signs for the plurality of pulses.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the pulse position searching module further comprises a track selection module configured to select the first track.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fixed codebook mapping module is associated with a fixed codebook, the fixed codebook being an algebraic fixed codebook or a multi-pulse fixed codebook.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fixed codebook mapping module is associated with a destination codec including a sparse fixed codebook.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the LSP mapping module, the adaptive codebook mapping module and the fixed codebook mapping module are associated with a destination codec related to G.723.1.
13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the LSP mapping module, the adaptive codebook mapping module and the fixed codebook mapping module are associated with a destination codec related to GSM-AMR.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the LSP mapping module further comprises:
an LSP quantization module configured to quantize the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters based on at least information associated with a plurality of quantization tables related to a destination codec;
an LSP decoder and stability check module configured to decode the quantized plurality of interpolated LSP parameters.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the LSP decoder and stability check module is further configured to process information associated with ordering and spacing between a first parameter and a second parameter of the decoded plurality of interpolated LSP parameters, the first parameter and the second parameter being adjacent to each other.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the adaptive codebook mapping module further comprises:
an adaptive codebook target generation module configured to generate a second target signal;
an adaptive codebook configured to store a plurality of excitation signals;
a candidate lag selection module configured to receive an open-loop pitch lag and generate a candidate pitch lag value;
a candidate vector signal generation module configured to generate a plurality of candidate signals based on at least information associated with the adaptive codebook and the candidate pitch lag value;
an auto-correlation and cross-correlation module configured to calculate a set of dot products of the second target signal and delayed versions of the plurality of candidate signals or of the delayed versions of the plurality of candidate signals, and to output a vector signal associated with at least the set of dot products;
a gain codevector selection module configured to receive the vector signal, to estimate a dot product of an entry associated with the first pitch gain codebook and the received vector signal, processing at least information associated with the dot product and a predetermined value, and output an index of a selected codevector and an adaptive codebook pitch lag associated with the selected codevector;
a buffer module to store the index of the selected codevector and the adaptive codebook pitch lag.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the predetermined value is a predetermined maximum value.
18. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the first plurality of entries are correlated to a second plurality of entries of a second pitch gain codebook of a destination codec.
19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the vector signal is associated with the plurality of terms and the plurality of sums.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fixed codebook mapping module comprises:
a fixed codebook target generation module configured to generate the first target signal;
a codevector construction module configured to receive the second plurality of pulse positions and signs, to generate a fixed codebook vector based on at least information associated with the second plurality of pulse positions and signs, and to determine fixed codebook indices for the subframe based on at least information associated with the second plurality of pulse positions and signs.
21. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the LSP mapping module, the adaptive codebook mapping module, and the fixed codebook mapping module are configured to operate independently of each other.
22. An apparatus for mapping LSP parameters between a source codec and a destination codec, the apparatus comprising:
an LP overflow module configured to process information associated with a plurality of interpolated LSP parameters and generate an overflow signal based on at least information associated with the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters;
an LSP parameter modification module configured to modify at least one frequency of at least one of the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters in response to the overflow signal;
an LSP quantization module configured to quantize the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters based on at least information associated with a plurality of quantization tables related to a destination codec;
an LSP decoder and stability check module configured to decode the quantized plurality of interpolated LSP parameters.
23. An apparatus for mapping adaptive codebooks between a source codec and a destination codec, the apparatus comprising:
an adaptive codebook target generation module configured to generate a target signal;
a pitch gain codebook, the pitch gain codebook including a plurality of entries, each of the plurality of entries including a plurality of terms and a plurality of sums associated with the plurality of terms;
a candidate lag selection module configured to receive an open-loop pitch lag and generate a candidate pitch lag value;
a candidate vector signal generation module configured to generate a plurality of candidate signals based on at least information associated with the adaptive codebook and the candidate pitch lag value;
an auto-correlation and cross-correlation module configured to calculate a set of dot products of the target signal and delayed versions of the plurality of candidate signals or of the delayed versions of the plurality of candidate signals, and to output a vector signal associated with at least the set of dot products;
a gain codevector selection module configured to receive the vector signal, to compute a dot product of an entry associated with the pitch gain codebook and the received vector signal, processing at least information associated with the dot product and a predetermined value, and output an index of a selected codevector and an adaptive codebook pitch lag associated with the selected codevector;
a buffer module to store the index of the selected codevector and the adaptive codebook pitch lag.
24. An apparatus for mapping fixed codebooks between a source codec and a destination codec, the apparatus comprising:
a fixed codebook target generation module configured to generate a target signal;
a target processing module configured to process the target signal and generate a first modified target signal;
a pulse search module configured to locate a first plurality of pulse positions and signs for a plurality of pulses in a subframe based on at least information associated with the first modified target signal;
a fixed codebook gain estimation module configured to estimate a fixed codebook gain for the subframe based on at least information associated with the first plurality of pulse positions and signs;
a pulse position searching module configured to receive the first modified target signal, an impulse response signal and the estimated fixed codebook gain and to output a second plurality of pulse positions and signs for the plurality of pulses;
a codevector construction module configured to receive the second plurality of pulse positions and signs, to generate a fixed codebook vector, and to determine the fixed codebook indices for the subframe.
25. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the pulse position searching module comprises:
a single track pulse search module configured to locate at least one position and one sign of at least one pulse in a first track;
a target update module configured to remove a contribution of the at least one pulse from the first target signal and output a first updated target signal;
a second target processing module configured to receive the first updated target signal and output a second modified target signal;
a buffer module configured to store the at least one position and one sign of the at least one pulse in the first track and output the second plurality of pulse positions and signs for the plurality of pulses.
26. A method for mapping CELP parameters between a source codec and a destination codec, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of interpolated LSP parameters, a plurality of interpolated adaptive codebook parameters, and a plurality of interpolated fixed codebook parameters;
generating a plurality of quantized LSP parameters based on at least information associated with the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters;
generating a plurality of quantized adaptive codebook parameters based on at least information associated with the plurality of interpolated adaptive codebook parameters;
generating a plurality of quantized fixed codebook parameters based on at least information associated with the plurality of interpolated fixed codebook parameters;
wherein the generating a plurality of quantized LSP parameters comprises generating an overflow signal based on at least information associated with the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters;
wherein the generating a plurality of quantized adaptive codebook parameters comprises estimating a dot product of an entry associated with a pitch gain codebook and a vector signal, the pitch gain codebook including a plurality of entries, each of the plurality of entries including a plurality of terms and a plurality of sums associated with the plurality of terms;
wherein the generating a plurality of quantized fixed codebook parameters comprises:
generating a first modified target signal based on at least information associated with a first target signal;
locating a first plurality of pulse positions and signs for a plurality of pulses in a subframe based on at least information associated with the first modified target signal;
estimating a fixed codebook gain for the subframe based on at least information associated with the first plurality of pulse positions and signs;
generating a second plurality of pulse positions and signs for the plurality of pulses based on at least information associated with the first modified target signal, an impulse response signal and the estimated fixed codebook gain.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein the generating a plurality of quantized LSP parameters further comprises modifying at least one frequency of at least one of the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters in response to the overflow signal.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the modifying at least one frequency of at least one of the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters comprises:
increasing the at least one frequency if a first sum associated with the first K LSP parameters of the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters is larger than a first predetermined value;
decreasing the at least one frequency if a second sum associated with the last K LSP parameters of the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters is larger than a second predetermined value;
wherein K is a positive integer.
29. The method of claim 27 wherein the modifying at least one frequency of at least one of the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters is substantially free from a degradation of a signal quality.
30. The method of claim 27 wherein a decoder of the destination codec is free from a signal overflow.
31. The method of claim 26 wherein the generating a plurality of quantized LSP parameters further comprises:
quantizing the plurality of interpolated LSP parameters based on at least information associated with a plurality of quantization tables related to a destination codec;
decoding the quantized plurality of interpolated LSP parameters;
processing information associated with ordering and spacing between a first parameter and a second parameter of the decoded plurality of interpolated LSP parameters, the first parameter and the second parameter being adjacent to each other.
32. The method of claim 31 wherein the generating a plurality of quantized LSP parameters further comprises modifying the decoded plurality of interpolated LSP parameters.
33. The method claim 26 wherein the generating a plurality of quantized adaptive codebook parameters comprises:
generating a second target signal;
generating a plurality of candidate pitch lag values;
generating a plurality of candidate signals based on at least information associated with the adaptive codebook and the plurality of candidate pitch lag values;
determining a set of dot products of the second target signal and delayed versions of the plurality of candidate signals or of the delayed versions of the plurality of candidate signals;
generating a vector signal associated with at least the set of dot products;
determining a dot product of an entry associated with the first pitch gain codebook and the received vector signal,
processing at least information associated with the dot product and a predetermined value;
outputting an index of a selected codevector and an adaptive codebook pitch lag associated with the selected codevector;
storing the index of the selected codevector and the adaptive codebook pitch lag.
34. The method of claim 33 wherein the second target signal is in a speech domain, a weighted speech domain, an excitation domain, or a filtered excitation domain.
35. The method of claim 33 wherein the plurality of candidate signals are associated with a residual domain target signal and free from a synthesis.
36. The method of claim 26 wherein the generating a plurality of quantized fixed codebook parameters comprises:
generating the first target signal based on at least information associated with an adaptive codebook contribution and an adaptive codebook target signal;
generating a fixed codebook vector based on at least information associated with the second plurality of pulse positions and signs;
determining fixed codebook indices for the subframe based on at least information associated with the second plurality of pulse positions and signs.
37. The method of claim 26 wherein the generating a second plurality of pulse positions and signs for the plurality of pulses comprises:
locating at least one position and one sign of at least one pulse in a track;
generate a first updated target signal to remove a contribution of the at least one pulse from the first target signal;
generating a second modified target signal based on at least information associated with the first updated target signal;
storing the at least one position and one sign of the at least one pulse;
outputting the second plurality of pulse positions and signs for the plurality of pulses.
38. The method of claim 26 wherein the first target signal is in a speech domain, a weighted speech domain, an excitation domain, or a filtered excitation domain.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A holder for securing a fishing rod to a secondary object, comprising:
a receptacle dimensioned to receive said fishing rod; and
a fastening mechanism coupled to said receptacle;
wherein said fastening mechanism comprises:
at least one male section; and
at least one female section;
wherein said at least one of said at least one male section and said at least one female section encircles said secondary object; and
wherein said at least one male section couples to said at least one female section.
2. The holder from claim 1, wherein said receptacle becomes immobile relative to said secondary object.
3. The holder from claim 1, wherein said receptacle is substantially cylindrical.
4. The holder from claim 1, wherein said fastening mechanism comprises at least one of the following:
hook and loop fastener;
snap fastener;
button fastener;
adhesive fastener; or
buckle fastener.
5. The holder from claim 1, wherein said receptacle is secured flush against said secondary object.
6. The holder from claim 1, wherein said receptacle is secured at an angle against said secondary object.
7. The holder from claim 1, wherein said receptacle may extend longitudinally.
8. The holder from claim 1, wherein said receptacle may contract longitudinally.
9. The holder from claim 1, wherein said receptacle further comprises an indentation that accommodates the portion of a reel from said fishing rod.
10. The holder from claim 1, wherein said fastening mechanism comprises:
at least one fastener strap;
wherein said at least one fastener strap comprises at least one male section;
wherein said at least one fastener strap comprises at least one female section; and
wherein said at least one male section couples to said at least one female section.
11. The holder from claim 11,
wherein said receptacle comprises two or more slits; and
wherein said at least one fastener strap is threaded into a first of said two or more slits
and threaded out a second of said two or more slits.
12. The holder from claim 1, further comprising a locking mechanism to prevent removal of said fishing rod from said receptacle.
13. The holder from claim 1, wherein said fastening mechanism is capable of coupling to a horizontal structure.
14. The holder from claim 1, wherein said fastening mechanism is capable of coupling to a vertical structure.
15. The holder from claim 1, wherein said fastening mechanism is capable of coupling to a structure with horizontal and vertical elements.
16. The holder from claim 1, further comprising:
a portable anchor,
wherein said fastening mechanism is capable of coupling to said portable anchor.
17. A system for fishing, comprising:
a fishing pole;
a secondary object; and
a holder capable of securing said fishing pole to said secondary object, comprising:
a receptacle dimensioned to receive said fishing rod; and
a fastening mechanism coupled to said receptacle;
wherein said fastening mechanism comprises at least one male section and at least one female section;
wherein at least one of said at least one male section and said at least one female section encircles said secondary object; and
wherein said at least one male section couples to said at least one female section.
18. A method for fishing, comprising:
placing a holder against a secondary object, wherein said holder comprises:
a receptacle;
at least one male fastener; and
at least one female fastener;
orienting said at least one male fastener and said at least one female fastener in a manner that encircles said secondary object;
tightening at least one of said at least one male fastener and said at least one female fastener to secure said holder with respect to said secondary object;
coupling said at least one male fastener to said at least one female fastener; and
inserting a fishing rod in said receptacle.