1. A physically and chemically cured membrane composition comprising an inlet face and an outlet face, and incorporating ingredients comprising:
a) at least one membrane compound comprising a plurality of ester moieties and a plurality of N-containing backbone moieties, wherein each N-containing moiety is at least divalent, wherein the at least one compound comprises ester repeat units of Formula I:
and at least one second repeat unit selected from the esteramide units of Formula II andor the esteramide units of Formula III, and optionally at least one repeat unit of the ester-urethane units of Formula IV:
wherein:
each R is independently selected from a C2-C20 non-aromatic hydrocarbylene group, a C2-C20 non-aromatic heterohydrocarbylene group, or a polyalkylene oxide group having a group molecular weight of from about 100 to about 5000 gmol;
each R1 independently is a bond or a C1-C20 non-aromatic hydrocarbylene group;
each R2 independently a C1-C20 non-aromatic hydrocarbylene group;
each RN independently is \u2014N(R3)\u2014Ra\u2014N(R3)\u2014, where each R3 is independently H or a C1-C6 alkyl or RN is a C2-C20 heterocycloalkylene group containing at least two nitrogen atoms;
w+x+y+z=1, 0<w<1, and at least one of x and y is greater than 0;
Ra is a C2-C20 non-aromatic hydrocarbylene group; and
n is at least 1 and has a mean value less than 2;
and
b) at least one azide crosslinking agent that chemically crosslinks the at least one membrane compound.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one compound has a number average molecular weight in the range from 2000 to 50,000.
3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one compound is nonaromatic.
4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein a repeating unit according to Formula I has a structure according to Formula V and a repeating unit according to Formula II has the structure according to Formula VI:
wherein q and r are 4, n is 2, p is 5, x is 0.18 and y is 0.82.
5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the azide crosslinking agent comprises a compound represented by the following formula
(N3)m\u2014R10
wherein m is 1 to 6 and R10 is an m-valent moiety that may be aryl or nonaryl; saturated or unsaturated; linear or branched or cyclic; andor substituted or unsubstituted.
6. The composition according claim 1, wherein the azide crosslinking agent comprises a compound represented by the following formula
wherein each Ro and R11 independently is a divalent linking group that may comprise a heteroatom such as one or more of O, S, P, or the like and that may be linear, branched, cyclic, polycyclic, fused ring, or the like; with the proviso that each Ro independently may be a single bond.
7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein R11 is a linear, branched, cyclic, or polycyclic hydrocarbyl moiety of the formula
wherein v is 1 to 10; each R12 independently is H, alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
8. The composition according to claim 6, wherein each of Ro and R11 independently is a linear, branched, cyclic, or polycyclic alkoxylene moiety of the formula
\u2014(OR13)q\u2014
wherein q is 1 to 10; and R13 is a divalent alkylene moiety that may be linear, branched, cyclic, or polycyclic.
9. The composition according to claim 6, wherein each Ro and R11 independently is selected from oxygen,
10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the azide crosslinking agent comprises a compound having a fused ring structure.
11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the azide crosslinking agent comprises a substituted or unsubstituted material according to the formula
12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the azide crosslinking agent comprises a substituted or unsubstituted material according to the formula
13. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the azide crosslinking agent comprises a substituted or unsubstituted material according to the formula N3\u2014(R13O)q\u2014Ro\u2014N3, wherein Ro is selected from oxygen,
R13 is a divalent alkylene moiety that may be linear, branched, cyclic, or polycyclic, and q is 1 to 10.
14. A method of separation, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a separation membrane derived from ingredients comprising at least one membrane compound comprising a plurality of ester moieties and a plurality of N-containing, divalent backbone moieties and at least one azide crosslinking agent according to claim 1, wherein the membrane compound comprises ester repeat units of Formula I:
and at least one second repeat unit selected from the esteramide units of Formula II andor the esteramide units of Formula III, and optionally at least one repeat unit of the ester-urethane units of Formula IV:
wherein:
each R is independently selected from a C2-C20 non-aromatic hydrocarbylene group, a C2-C20 non-aromatic heterohydrocarbylene group, or a polyalkylene oxide group having a group molecular weight of from about 100 to about 5000 gmol;
each R1 independently is a bond or a C1-C20 non-aromatic hydrocarbylene group;
each R2 independent C1-C20 non-aromatic hydrocarbylene group;
each RN independently is \u2014N(R3)\u2014Ra\u2014N(R3)\u2014, where each R3 is independently H or a C1-C6 alkyl or RN is a C2-C20 heterocycloalkylene group containing at least two nitrogen atoms;
w+x+y+z=1, 0<w<1, and at least one of x and y is greater than 0;
Ra is a C2-C20 non-aromatic hydrocarbylene group; and
n is at least 1 and has a mean value less than 2;
(b) using the membrane to separate components of a feed mixture to provide a first separation product that is enriched with respect to an ingredient of the feed mixture and a second separation product that is depleted with respect to the feed ingredient.
15. A purification system comprising:
(a) a feed mixture comprising at least one acid gas and at least one nonpolar gas;
(b) a membrane having an inlet face and an outlet face, wherein the membrane is derived from ingredients comprising at least one compound comprising a plurality of ester moities and a plurality of N-containing, divalent backbone moieties and at least one azide crosslinking agent according to claim 1; and
(c) a pressure differential between the inlet face and the outlet face effective to provide a first separation product that is enriched with respect to the acid gas relative to the feed mixture and a second separation product that is depleted with respect to the acid gas relative to the feed mixture when the feed mixture is caused to contact the membrane.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A testing system configured for testing a device, comprising
a plurality of different models of oscillographs each having a general purpose interface bus (GPIB) port;
a connection cord having a universal serial bus (USB) connector at a first end, and a GPIB connector at an opposing second end for selectively connecting to a GPIB port of one of the oscillographs;
a computer comprising:
a USB port for connection with the USB connector of the connection cord,
an oscillograph model displaying module configured to display a plurality of oscillograph models for a user to select according to the model of the oscillograph which is connected to the computer through the connection cord;
an oscillograph driving module configured for loading an oscillograph driver corresponding to the selected oscillograph model;
a storage module configured for storing a plurality of codes for each of the different models of the oscillographs, the codes being associated with a plurality of testing functions;
a testing interface module configured for transmitting the codes to the oscillograph connected to the computer, thereby driving the oscillograph connected to the computer to perform the associated testing functions to test the device.
2. The testing system as described in claim 1, wherein the computer further comprises a test result obtaining module, the test result obtaining module is configured for obtaining and outputting the test result to the user.
3. The testing system as described in claim 1, wherein the computer further comprises an instruction module, the instruction module stores a plurality of instructions, the instruction are identifiable by the corresponding oscillograph, the testing interface module further is configured for transmitting the instructions to the oscillograph to execute the instructions.