1. A method for preparing barium titanate powder comprising the steps of:
precipitating a mixture of aqueous barium chloride and titanium tetrachloride to an aqueous oxalic acid by spraying via a nozzle in high speed, aging, filtering and washing to obtain barium titanyl oxalate;
wet pulverizing the obtained barium titanyl oxalate after adding a nitrogen-containing additive chosen from ammonia, amines, ammonium compound, and amino acids by means of a beads mill, drying and pyrolyzing to produce barium titanate powder; and
re-pulverizing the obtained barium titanate powder.
2. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 1, wherein said nitrogen-containing additive is used in the range of 0.5 to 20 mol % relative to barium titanyl oxalate.
3. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 1, wherein said amine is expressed by the following formula (1),
3
wherein R1, R2, and R3 represent individually hydrogen atom or C1-C5 alkyl.
4. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 3, wherein said amine is selected from the group consisting of methyl amine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, and triethylamine.
5. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 1, wherein said ammonium compound is expressed by the following formula (2),
4
wherein R1, R2, and R3 represent individually hydrogen atom or C1-C5 alkyl; A represents hydroxyl (n1), nitrate (n1), sulfate (n2), phosphate (n3), carbonate (n2), bicarbonate (n1), C1-C10 carboxyl (n1), or C2-C10 dicarboxyl group (n2).
6. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 5, wherein said ammonium compound is selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium bicarbonate, and trimethylammonium hydroxide.
7. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 1, wherein said amino acid is selected from the group consisting of arginine and lysine.
8. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 1, wherein a divalent or tetravalent metal is used with said nitrogen-containing additive.
9. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 8, wherein said divalent metal is at least on selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Pb.
10. A Method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 8, wherein said tetravalent metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, and Sn.
11. (cancelled)
12. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 8, wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of oxides, carbonates, chlorides and nitrates of said metal.
13. A method for preparing barium titanate powder power of claim 9, wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of oxides, carbonates, chlorides and nitrates of said metal.
14. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 10, wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of oxides, carbonates, chlorides and nitrates of said metal.
15. A method for preparing barium titanate of claim 1, wherein the aqueous barium chloride has a concentration of 0.2 to 2.0 moll.
16. A method for preparing barium titanate of claim 1, wherein the aqueous titanate tetrachloride has a concentration of 0.2 to 2.0 moll.
17. A method for preparing barium titanate of claim 1, wherein the aqueous oxalic acid has a concentration of 0.2 to 5.0 moll.
18. A method for preparing barium titanate of claim 1, wherein the precipating step is effected at a temperature of from 20 to 100 C.
19. A barium titanate powder produced by the method of claim 1, having a higher insulating resistance and lower dielectric loss as compared to barium titanate powder produced by a wet pulverization process of preparing barium titanate without using said nitrogen-containing additive.
20. A barium titanate powder of claim 19, wherein said dielectric constant is about 20% greater than that produced by said wet pulverization process without using said nitrogen-containing additive.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus for displaying an interactive matrixed video channel in a first screen having a plurality of individual video feeds being presented at a given time, the first screen comprising:
a plurality of video cells presenting at least video information, each video cell associated with one of the plurality of individual video feeds, the plurality of video cells including a user-selected video cell; and
a text box concurrently displayed with the plurality of video cells;
a control bar having a plurality of control bar icons presented concurrently with the plurality of video cells and the text box, the each of the control bar icons corresponding to only one of a plurality of user-selectable buttons of a remote control;
wherein:
statistical data related to video information being presented by the user-selected video cell and distinct from program guide data and previews of upcoming events distinct from program guide data are presented within at least one of the plurality of video cells simultaneously with the video information being presented and transmitted as part of the interactive matrixed video channel, the statistical data and the previews of upcoming events are generated from outside of the interactive matrixed video channel;
a user selection of only one of the user-selectable buttons of the remote control selects a second screen for presentation that replaces the first screen, the second screen and comprising user-scrollable information having one or more user-selectable further screens replacing the second screen upon selection by the user; and
the video feed associated with the user-selected video cell depicts a sporting event, and the user selection of the only one of the user-selectable buttons of the remote control presents a second program guide having programming of only the sporting event including future television coverage of the sporting event.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first screen further comprises a cursor, for selecting the user selected video cell.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a barker cell that presents additional video and audio information that is selectable by the cursor.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the plurality of video cells are grouped by genre.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sporting event is selected from a group comprising an Olympic Games, a NCAA basketball tournament, and a National Football League game schedule.
6. A system for delivering at least one interactive matrixed video channel for display in a first screen having a plurality of individual video feeds being presented at a given time, the first screen comprising:
at least one receiver, for receiving at least one downlink signal transmitted from at least one satellite, the at least one downlink signal related to at least one uplink signal from an uplink facility, the at least one receiver for providing a video signal generated from the at least one downlink signal for display by the video monitor the video signal comprising:
a plurality of video cells presenting at least video information, each video cell associated with a respective one of the plurality of individual video feeds, the plurality of video cells including a user selected video cell; and
a text box, displayed on the video monitor;
a control bar having a plurality of control bar icons presented concurrently with the plurality of video cells and the text box, the each of the control bar icons corresponding to only one of a plurality of user-selectable buttons of a remote control;
wherein:
the video signal includes statistical data related to video information of the user-selected video cell and distinct from program guide data and previews of upcoming events distinct from program guide data are included within at least one of the plurality of video cells, the statistical data and previews of upcoming events transmitted simultaneously with the video information of the user-selected cell, the statistical data being in the video signal as part of the at least one interactive matrixed video channel, wherein the statistical data and the previews of upcoming events are generated from outside of the interactive matrixed video channel;
a user selection of only one of the user-selectable buttons of the remote control selects a second screen for presentation that replaces the first screen, the second screen and comprising user-scrollable information having one or more user-selectable further screens replacing the second screen upon selection by the user; and
the video feed associated with the user-selected video cell depicts a sporting event, and the user selection of the only one of the user-selectable buttons of the remote control presents a second program guide having programming of only the sporting event including future television coverage of the sporting event.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the statistical data is further disposed within the text box.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the video signal further comprises a cursor for selecting the user selected video cell.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the video signal further comprises a barker cell that presents additional video and audio information that is selectable by the cursor.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of video cells are grouped by genre.
11. The system of claim 6, wherein the specific event is selected from a group comprising an Olympic Games, a NCAA basketball tournament, and a National Football League game schedule.
12. A system for displaying at least one interactive matrixed video channel in a first screen having a plurality of individual video feeds being presented at a given time, the first screen comprising:
a receiver for receiving a transmitted interactive matrixed channel, for providing a video signal comprising:
a plurality of video cells presenting at least video information, each video cell associated with one of the plurality of individual video feeds, the plurality of video cells including a user-selected video cell; and
a text box, displayed on the video monitor;
a control bar having a plurality of control bar icons presented concurrently with the plurality of video cells and the text box, the each of the control bar icons corresponding to only one of a plurality of user-selectable buttons of a remote control;
wherein:
statistical data related to video information of the user-selected video cell and distinct from program guide data and previews of upcoming events distinct from program guide data are received along with the transmitted interactive matrixed channel and presented within at least one of the plurality of video cells simultaneously with the video information as part of the interactive matrixed video channel, wherein the statistical data and the previews of upcoming events are generated from outside of the interactive matrixed video channel;
a user selection of only one of the user-selectable buttons of the remote control selects a second screen for presentation that replaces the first screen, the second screen and comprising user-scrollable information having one or more user-selectable further screens replacing the second screen upon selection by the user; and
the video feed associated with the user-selected video cell depicts a sporting event, and the user selection of the only one of the user-selectable buttons of the remote control presents a second program guide having programming of only the sporting event including future television coverage of the sporting event.