1. An electrode configured to provide electrical contact with a subject’s skin, the electrode comprising:
a conductive layer configured to spread current and to transmit electrical signals to andor receive electrical signals from the subject’s skin, the conductive layer having a first conductive surface through which electrical signals are transmitted to andor received from the subject’s skin, the first conductive surface being on a side of the conductive layer that faces toward the skin of the subject if the electrode is installed on the subject;
a gel layer formed on the same side of the conductive layer as the first conductive surface, the gel layer having a first interface surface configured to directly contact the subject’s skin if the electrode is installed on the subject, and to conduct electrical signals between the subject’s skin and the first conductive surface, the first interface surface having a surface area larger than that of the first conductive surface.
2. The electrode of claim 1, further comprising an adhesive layer having a second interface surface configured to contact and adhere to the subject’s skin, the adhesive layer being positioned relative to the gel layer such that the first interface surface is flush with the second interface surface.
3. The electrode of claim 2, wherein the adhesive layer generally surrounds a periphery of the gel layer.
4. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the gel layer and the conductive layer are formed such that a footprint of the first interface surface overlaps the entirety of a footprint of the first conductive surface.
5. The electrode of claim 1, further comprising a first layer having a connector contact surface configured to connect the electrode to an external electrical apparatus, wherein the first layer has a generally flat back surface on the same side of the electrode as the connector contact surface and a detent in the flat back surface, the connector contact surface being located in the detent.
6. An electrode configured to provide electrical contact with a subject’s skin, the electrode comprising:
means for transmitting electrical signals to andor receive electrical signals from the subject’s skin, the transmission provided by a conductive layer having a first conductive surface configured to transmit electrical signals to andor receive electrical signals from the subject’s skin, the first conductive surface being on a side of the conductive layer that faces toward the skin of the subject if the electrode is installed on the subject;
means for conducting electric signals between the subject’s skin and the first conductive surface, the conduction provided by a gel layer formed on the same side of the conductive layer as the first conductive surface, the gel layer having a first interface surface configured to directly contact the subject’s skin if the electrode is installed on the subject, the first interface surface having a surface area larger than that of the first conductive surface.
7. The electrode of claim 6, further comprising means for contacting and adhering the electrode to a subject’s skin, the contact and adhesion provided by an adhesive layer having a second interface surface, the adhesive layer being positioned relative to the gel layer such that the first interface surface is flush with the second interface surface.
8. The electrode of claim 7, wherein the adhesive layer generally surrounds a periphery of the gel layer.
9. The electrode of claim 6, wherein the gel layer and the conductive layer are formed such that a footprint of the first interface surface overlaps the entirety of a footprint of the first conductive surface.
10. The electrode of claim 6, further comprising means for connecting the electrode to an external electrical apparatus, wherein the connection is provided by a first layer having a connector contact surface configured to connect the electrode to an external electrical apparatus, and wherein the first layer has a generally flat back surface on the same side of the electrode as the connector contact surface and a detent in the flat back surface, the connector contact surface being located in the detent.
11. A method of manufacturing an electrode for providing electrical contact with a subject’s skin, comprising:
forming a conductive layer configured to transmit electrical signals to andor receive electrical signals from the subject’s skin, the conductive layer having a first conductive surface through which electrical signals are transmitted to andor received from the subject’s skin, the first conductive surface being on a side of the conductive layer that faces toward the skin of the subject if the electrode is installed on the subject; and
forming a gel layer on the same side of the conductive layer as the first conductive surface, the gel layer having a first interface surface configured to directly contact the subject’s skin if the electrode is installed on the subject, and to conduct electrical signals between the subject’s skin and the first conductive surface, the first interface surface having a surface area larger than that of the first conductive surface.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising forming an adhesive layer having a second interface surface configured to contact and adhere to the subject’s skin, the adhesive layer being positioned relative to the gel layer such that the first interface surface is flush with the second interface surface.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the adhesive layer generally surrounds a periphery of the gel layer.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the gel layer and the conductive layer are formed such that a footprint of the first interface surface overlaps the entirety of a footprint of the first conductive surface.
15. The method of claim 11, further comprising forming a first layer having a connector contact surface configured to connect the electrode to an external electrical apparatus, wherein the first layer has a generally flat back surface on the same side of the electrode as the connector contact surface and a detent in the flat back surface, the connector contact surface being located in the detent.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A rack that is adapted to retain and a rotate a plurality of CD cases or cases containing other items which case has first and second major planar surfaces and edges connecting the first and second major surfaces, the rack comprising:
a loop comprised of a plurality of holders that are each adapted to receive one or more cases, each said holder including:
a base with a holder-engaging mechanism that can interlock to an adjacent similar holder;
first and second fingers extending from said base and adapted to receive a case;
first and second walls extending from said base and between the first and second fingers, the first and second walls adapted to receive the case wherein the first and second walls further include a lower wall extending therefrom;
first and second projections extending from said lower walls, with the first and second projections directed toward each other such that said first and second projections are adapted to frictionally engage the first and second major surfaces of the case;
a structure to support said loop; and
a motor to cause said loop to rotate.
2. The holder of claim 1 wherein said first and second projections are bump projections.
3. The holder of claim 1 wherein said first and second projections are made of a series of separate bump-like projections.
4. The holder of claim 1 wherein said first and second projections includes rubber.
5. A rack that can store a plurality of CD cases or cases holding other items, the rack comprising:
an upright support structure;
a continuous loop of interlocking holders supported on said upright support structure so as to be able to rotate;
a motor to drive rotation of the loop; and
wherein each holder in the continuous loop of interlocking object holders comprises:
a base;
first and second arms coupled to the base and spaced apart a distance from each other, wherein the first and second arms are adapted to admit at least a portion of at least one object to be retained by the holder;
at least one protrusion disposed on said first arm and said second arm and adapted to frictionally engage at least one depression on at least one object to be retained by the holder; the base further includes a pair of lower walls extending therefrom
a male holder engaging mechanism extending outward from the base with a slot located through the base and adjacent to the male holder-engaging mechanism;
a female holder engaging mechanism extending outward from the base, having a distal end which distal end is shaped in order to be received in the slot;
wherein a male holder engaging mechanism on a first said holder is disposed to matingly interlock with a female holder engaging mechanism on a second said holder, and a female holder engaging mechanism said first said holder is disposed to matingly interlock with a male holder engaging mechanism on a third said holder in forming said loop.