1. A method for closing an opening in tissue, comprising:
forming an opening in tissue having an upper surface and a lower surface, the lower surface being disposed distally from an exterior skin with the upper surface being disposed proximal the lower surface;
performing a medical procedure;
disposing an entirety of a length of suture, having a proximal end, a distal end, and an intermediate portion extending from the proximal end to the distal end, distally from the lower surface and through the opening before a portion of the length of suture and a needle associated with the length of suture are withdrawn proximally through tissue adjacent the opening to be closed;
retrieving the portion of the length of suture by advancing the needle disposed proximal to the upper surface distally through the tissue; and
suturing the opening closed with a suturing device, the length of suture being initially disposed across the opening to be closed with the suturing device, the entire length of suture and the needle associated with the length of suture being withdrawn proximally through tissue adjacent the opening.
2. The method of claim 1, further including the step of delivering a pre-tied knot adjacent the opening.
3. The method according to claim 2, further including the step of applying tension to the length of suture to cinch the knot.
4. The method according to claim 3, further including the step of trimming the suture adjacent the knot.
5. The method according to claim 2, further including the step of using a knot pusher to advance the knot to the opening.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of suturing further comprises, inserting the suturing device through the opening in the tissue, causing the device to place the length of suture across the opening and through tissue adjacent the opening, such that ends of the suture element extend from the tissue adjacent the opening.
7. The method according to claim 6, further including the step of passing one of the ends of the length of suture through a bight to form a knot.
8. The method according to claim 7, further including the step of tightening the knot, thereby to at least partially close the opening in the tissue.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the tightening of the knot formation comprises pulling on one of the ends of the suture.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the medical procedure is a diagnostic procedure andor an interventional procedure.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the intermediate portion of the length of suture is disposed in a slot of the suturing device, the slot being disposed below the lower surface of the tissue to be sutured before the entirety of the length of suture is withdrawn through tissue adjacent the opening to be closed.
12. A method for closing an opening in tissue, comprising:
performing a medical procedure through an opening formed in tissue, the tissue having an upper surface and a lower surface, the lower surface being disposed distally from an exterior skin with the upper surface being disposed proximal the lower surface; and
closing the opening in the tissue by providing a suturing device, the suturing device being configured to dispose a length of suture across the opening, the length of suture having a proximal end, a distal end, and an intermediate portion extending from the proximal end to the distal end, the entirety of the length of suture being disposed distally from the lower surface of the tissue to be sutured and through the opening before the entire length of suture and a needle associated with the length of suture are withdrawn through tissue adjacent the opening to be closed to close the opening, the needle being disposed proximal to the upper surface of the tissue and advanced distally through the tissue to retrieve the length of suture, the suturing device comprising:
a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end;
at least one foot on the distal end of the shaft, the at least one foot being movable with respect to the shaft; and
a flexible guidebody extending from the distal end of the shaft.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the suturing device is further configured to form a knot in the suture adjacent the opening.
14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising tensioning the suture across the opening.
15. A method according to claim 12 wherein the suturing device further comprises both a first foot on the distal end of the shaft and a second foot on the distal end of the shaft, both the first and the second foot being movable with respect to the shaft.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A paper sheet having on the surface thereof calcium carbonate, said calcium carbonate having a maximum mean average size of 200 nm, said paper sheet having less than 20 voids per 12.6 in2 in the 6000th sheet when tested in a Void Test.
2. The paper sheet of claim 1 wherein said calcium carbonate has a maximum mean average size of 100 nm.
3. The paper sheet of claim 1 wherein said calcium carbonate has a maximum mean average size of 50 nm.
4. The paper sheet of claim 1 having less than 15 voids per 12.6 in2.
5. The paper sheet of claim 4 wherein said calcium carbonate has a maximum mean average size of 100 nm.
6. The paper sheet of claim 4 wherein said calcium carbonate has a maximum mean average size of 50 nm.
7. The paper sheet of claim 1 having less than 10 voids per 12.6 in2.
8. The paper sheet of claim 7 wherein said calcium carbonate has a maximum mean average size of 100 nm.
9. The paper sheet of claim 7 wherein said calcium carbonate has a maximum mean average size of 50 nm.
10. The paper sheet of claim 1 in which said paper has a Gurley stiffness 10% greater than a paper not coated with said calcium carbonate.
11. A paper sheet having on the surface thereof calcium carbonate,
said calcium carbonate having a maximum mean average size of 200 nm,
said paper sheet having a Gurley stiffness 10% greater than a paper not coated with said calcium carbonate.
12. The paper sheet of claim 11 wherein said calcium carbonate has a maximum mean average size of 100 nm.
13. The paper sheet of claim 11 wherein said calcium carbonate has a maximum mean average size of 50 nm.
14. The paper sheet of claim 11 wherein said paper sheet has a Gurley stiffness 25% greater than a paper not coated with said calcium carbonate.
15. The paper sheet of claim 14 wherein said calcium carbonate has a maximum mean average size of 100 nm.
16. The paper sheet of claim 14 wherein said calcium carbonate has a maximum mean average size of 50 nm.