1. An apparatus for displaying and controlling an on-screen display (OSD) menu in an image display device, the apparatus comprising:
a key input unit for outputting command signals for displaying and controlling function control targets in the OSD menu;
a control unit for outputting a control signal and control data to display the OSD menu, and determining whether to move the function control targets and select a related optional item thereof for adjusting according to the command signals;
an OSD menu generation unit for receiving the control signal and the control data and outputting OSD image signals to display the OSD menu;
a storage unit for storing the control data and configuration information of the function control targets and related optional items of the function control targets;
an image signal output unit for outputting second image signals;
a pre-amplifier for converting the second image signals and the OSD image signals to predetermined voltages and outputting resultant values;
an image output unit for amplifying and outputting the resultant values; and
the image display device, for displaying the resultant values received from the image output unit.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the key input unit comprises a set of control buttons.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the set of control buttons comprises a setcomplete button, a pair of vertical control buttons, and a pair of horizontal control buttons.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the setcomplete button is for outputting a command signal to open or close the OSD menu.
5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the pair of vertical control buttons are for outputting command signals to select a desired optional item.
6. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the pair of horizontal control buttons are for outputting command signals to adjust configuration information of the selected desired optional item.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the key input unit is a knob, and the knob is for pressing or rotating to output command signals.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the function control targets can be expanded into its related optional items at an active area of the image display device.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the function control targets is displayed in a different size according to its display position.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the configuration information of the function control targets comprise display symbols of the function control targets, and position coordinates of the function control targets at different display positions.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the configuration information of the related optional items comprise configuration values, position coordinates, and display symbols of the related optional items.
12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the OSD menu is a fork-like OSD menu or an ellipse-type OSD menu.
13. An electronics-based method for displaying and controlling an on-screen display (OSD) menu in an image display device, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) outputting a command signal for displaying the OSD menu;
(b) displaying the OSD menu according to the command signal;
(c) determining whether a desired optional item has been selected for adjustment;
(d1) closing the OSD menu, if a desired optional item has not been selected for adjustment; or
(d2) moving the selected optional item to an active area of the image display device, if a desired optional item has been selected for adjustment;
(e) determining whether an elapsed period of not receiving any command signals is more than a predetermined threshold period;
(f) keeping the OSD menu displayed, if said elapsed period is not more than the predetermined threshold period;
(g) determining whether a configuration value of the selected optional item is required to be adjusted; and
(h) adjusting the configuration value of the selected optional item and storing the adjusted configuration value, if the configuration value of the selected optional item is required to be adjusted.
14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising the step of determining whether the OSD menu is required to be closed, and closing the OSD menu if it is required to be closed.
15. The method according to claim 13, further comprising the step of closing the OSD menu, if the elapsed period is more than the predetermined threshold period.
16. The method according to claim 13, further comprising the step of returning to step (e), if the configuration value of the selected optional item is not required to be adjusted.
17. The method according to claim 13, wherein the OSD menu is a fork-like OSD menu or an ellipse-type OSD menu.
18. The method according to claim 13, wherein the OSD menu comprises a plurality of function control targets.
19. The method according to claim 18, wherein each of the function control targets comprises related optional items, and can be expanded into its related optional items at the active area of the image display device.
20. The method according to claim 18, wherein each of the function control targets is displayed in a different size according to its display position.
21. A method for displaying and controlling an on-screen display (OSD) menu on an image display device, comprising the steps of:
grouping optional items of said OSD menu into a plurality of function control targets;
creating an active area on said image display device for said OSD menu;
moving a user-selected one of said plurality of function control targets into said active area;
displaying emphatically a user-selected optional item from said user-selected one of said plurality of function control targets in said active area to facilitate further user operation on said user-selected optional item.
22. The method according to claim 21, further comprising the step of displaying less-emphatically the other optional items of said user-selected one of said plurality of function control targets in said active area.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
We claim:
1. A bioactive agent delivery particle comprising a lipid binding polypeptide, a lipid bilayer, and a bioactive agent, wherein the interior of the lipid bilayer comprises a hydrophobic region, and wherein the bioactive agent is associated with the hydrophobic region of the lipid bilayer.
2. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 1, wherein the particle does not comprise a hydrophilic core.
3. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 2, wherein the particle is disc shaped.
4. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 3, wherein the disc shaped particle comprises a diameter from about 7 to about 29 nm.
5. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 1, wherein the bioactive agent comprises at least one hydrophobic region.
6. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 5, wherein a hydrophobic region of the bioactive agent is associated with hydrophobic surfaces in the interior of the lipid bilayer.
7. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 1, wherein the bioactive agent is amphotericin B.
8. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 1, wherein the bioactive agent is camptothecin.
9. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 1, wherein the lipid binding polypeptide is an apolipoprotein.
10. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 9, wherein the apolipoprotein is an exchangeable apolipoprotein.
11. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 10, wherein the apolipoprotein is human apolipoprotein A-I.
12. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 9, wherein the apolipoprotein is a chimeric apolipoprotein that comprises a functional moiety.
13. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 12, wherein the functional moiety is a targeting moiety.
14. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 12, wherein the functional moiety comprises biological activity.
15. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 9, wherein the apolipoprotein has been modified to increase stability of the particle.
16. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 15, wherein the modification comprises introduction of cysteine residues to form intermolecular or intramolecular disulfide bonds.
17. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 1, wherein the lipid bilayer comprises phospholipids.
18. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 17, wherein the phospholipids comprise dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG).
19. A pharmaceutical composition for delivery of a bioactive agent to an individual, comprising a bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
20. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19, wherein the composition is formulated for controlled release.
21. A method for administering a bioactive agent to an individual, comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition of claim 19 to the individual.
22. A method according to claim 21, wherein said pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of the bioactive agent.
23. A method according to claim 22, wherein the bioactive agent is amphotericin B.
24. A method according to claim 22, wherein the bioactive agent is camptothecin.
25. A method according to claim 21, wherein administration is parenteral.
26. A method according to claim 25, wherein said parenteral administration is selected from the group consisting of intravenous, intramuscular, transmucosal, and intrathecal.
27. A method according to claim 21, wherein the composition is administered as an aerosol.
28. A method according to claim 21, wherein the composition is formulated for controlled release.
29. A method for treating a fungal infection in an individual, comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 to the individual, wherein said bioactive agent is an anti-fungal agent.
30. A method according to claim 29, wherein said pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of the anti-fungal agent.
31. A method according to claim 30, wherein the anti-fungal agent is amphotericin B.
32. A method for treating a tumor in an individual, comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 to the individual, wherein said bioactive agent is an anti-tumor agent.
33. A method according to claim 32, wherein said pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of the anti-tumor agent.
34. A method according to claim 33, wherein the anti-tumor agent is camptothecin.
35. A method according to claim 34, wherein the lipid binding polypeptide comprises vasoactive intestinal peptide and the tumor is a breast tumor.
36. A process for formulating a bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 1, said process comprising contacting bilayer-forming lipid vesicles with a bioactive agent to form a bilayer-forming lipid vesicle-bioactive agent mixture, and contacting the bilayer-forming lipid vesicle-bioactive agent mixture with a lipid binding polypeptide.
37. A process according to claim 36, wherein the bioactive agent is amphotericin B.
38. A process according to claim 36, wherein the bioactive agent is camptothecin.
39. A process according to claim 36, wherein the bioactive agent is solubilized in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) prior to contacting the bilayer-forming lipid vesicles.
40. A process according to claim 39, wherein the bioactive agent is amphotericin B.
41. A process according to claim 39, wherein the bioactive agent is camptothecin.
42. A process for formulating a bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 1, said process comprising the steps of:
(a) forming an aqueous dispersion of lipid vesicles, wherein said lipid vesicles comprise bilayer-forming lipids;
(b) adding a bioactive agent to the lipid vesicle dispersion to form a lipid vesicle-bioactive agent mixture;
(c) adding a lipid binding polypeptide to the lipid vesicle-bioactive agent mixture to form a lipid-bioactive agent-lipid binding polypeptide mixture; and
(d) incubating the mixture formed in step (c).
43. A process for formulating a bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 42, wherein said process further comprises sonicating the mixture of step (d).
44. A process according to claim 42, wherein the bioactive agent is amphotericin B.
45. A process according to claim 42, wherein the bioactive agent is camptothecin.
46. A process according to claim 42, wherein the bioactive agent is solubilized in DMSO prior to addition to the lipid vesicle dispersion.
47. A process according to claim 46, wherein the bioactive agent is amphotericin B.
48. A process according to claim 46, wherein the bioactive agent is camptothecin.
49. A bioactive agent delivery particle prepared according to the process of claim 36.
50. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 49, wherein the bioactive agent is amphotericin B.
51. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 49, wherein the bioactive agent is camptothecin.
52. A bioactive agent delivery particle prepared according to the process of claim 42.
53. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 52, wherein the bioactive agent is amphotericin B.
54. A bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 52, wherein the bioactive agent is camptothecin.
55. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 49 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
56. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 55, wherein the bioactive agent is amphotericin B.
57. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 55, wherein the bioactive agent is camptothecin.
58. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a bioactive agent delivery particle according to claim 52 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
59. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 58, wherein the bioactive agent is amphotericin B.
60. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 58, wherein the bioactive agent is camptothecin.
61. A kit comprising a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 and instructions for use in a method for administering a bioactive agent to an individual.
62. A kit comprising a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 55 and instructions for use in a method for administering a bioactive agent to an individual.
63. A kit comprising a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 58 and instructions for use in a method for administering a bioactive agent to an individual.