1. In a system for receiving a composite information modulated carrier signal comprising a main signal modulated carrier component which travels a direct path to said receiving system and a multipath signal modulated carrier component which travels a reflected path to said receiving system, including a demodulator chain having adaptive circuitry controllable in response to a control signal to compensate for the multipath component, a control signal generator, comprising:
a phase error estimator, for generating a phase error signal representing an estimate of the phase error between the information modulated composite carrier signal and the main signal modulated carrier component; and
a controller, responsive to the phase error signal ,for generating said control signal wherein said controller comprises:
a frequency analysis circuit responsive to said phase error signal for generating frequency components representing the magnitudes of the phase error signal at each of a plurality of respective frequencies;
an analysis circuit for comparing frequency components of said phase error signal to threshold values; and
a control circuit responsive to said comparison for generating said control signal.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said phase error estimator comprises:
a phase error estimator for generating a phase error signal representing an estimate of the phase error between the composite signal and the main component resulting from presence of said multipath component.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein the frequency analysis circuit comprises a discrete Fourier transform circuit.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein the discrete Fourier transform circuit comprises a fast Fourier transform circuit.
5. In a system for receiving a composite signal including a main component and a multipath component, including a demodulator chain having adaptive circuitry controllable in response to a control signal to compensate for the multipath component, a control signal generator, comprising:
a phase error estimator, for generating a signal representing an estimate of the phase error between the composite signal and the main component; and
a controller, responsive to the phase error signal ,for generating said control signal wherein said controller comprises:
a frequency analysis circuit responsive to said phase error signal for determining frequency components of the phase error signal;
an analysis circuit for comparing frequency components of said phase error signal to threshold values; and
a control circuit responsive to said comparison for generating said control signal;
wherein the frequency analysis circuit comprises a discrete Fourier transform circuit; and
wherein the frequency analysis circuit further comprises a decimator, responsive to the phase error signal, and coupled to the discrete Fourier transform circuit.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein the frequency analysis circuit further comprises a magnitude determining circuit, responsive to the discrete Fourier transform circuit.
7. The system of claim 5 wherein the frequency analysis circuit further comprises a magnitude-squared determining circuit, responsive to the discrete Fourier transform circuit.
8. The system of claim 5 wherein the analysis circuit comprises circuitry for comparing the magnitudes of respective frequency components from the discrete Fourier transform circuit to corresponding threshold values.
9. In a system for receiving a composite signal including a main component and a multipath component, including a demodulator chain having adaptive circuitry controllable in response to a control signal to compensate for the multipath component, a control signal generator, comprising:
a phase error estimator, for generating a signal representing an estimate of the phase error between the composite signal and the main component; and
a controller, responsive to the phase error signal ,for generating said control signal wherein said controller comprises:
a frequency analysis circuit responsive to said phase error signal for determining frequency components of the phase error signal;
an analysis circuit for comparing frequency components of said phase error signal to threshold values; and
a control circuit responsive to said comparison for generating said control signal;
wherein the frequency analysis circuit comprises a discrete Fourier transform circuit;
wherein the analysis circuit comprises circuitry for comparing the magnitudes of respective frequency components from the discrete Fourier transform circuit to corresponding threshold values; and
wherein the threshold values depend on the current state of the adaptive circuitry.
10. The system of claim 8 wherein the analysis circuit comprises circuitry for comparing a function of one or more of the magnitudes of respective frequency components from the discrete Fourier transform circuit to corresponding threshold values.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein the threshold values depend on the current state of the adaptive circuitry.
12. The system of claim 5 wherein the analysis circuit comprises circuitry for comparing the magnitudes-squared of respective frequency components from the discrete Fourier transform circuit to corresponding threshold values.
13. The system of claim 12 wherein the threshold values depend on the current state of the adaptive circuitry.
14. The system of claim 12 wherein the analysis circuit comprises circuitry for comparing a function of one or more of the magnitudes of respective frequency components from the discrete Fourier transform circuit to corresponding threshold values.
15. The system of claim 14 wherein the threshold values depend on the current state of the adaptive circuitry.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A flame resistant LED construction comprising:
a substrate;
one or more LEDs that emit light mounted on the substrate; and
an intumescent material adjacent to the LEDs such that at least a portion of the light emitted from the LED is unobstructed, wherein a sufficient amount of the intumescent material is in proximity to the LED that a flame on the LED is extinguished by the expansion of the intumescent material.
2. The flame resistant LED of claim 1 wherein the substrate is a circuit board.
3. The flame resistant LED of claim 1 wherein the intumescent material comprises one or more sheets of intumescent material.
4. The flame resistant LED of claim 3 wherein the one or more sheets of intumescent material define one or more openings, the one or more openings adapted to receive the one or more LEDs.
5. The flame resistant LED of claim 1 wherein the one or more LEDs are a plurality of LEDs arranged in one or more rows.
6. The flame resistant LED of claim 5 wherein the intumescent material comprises two or more sheets of intumescent material, wherein a sheet of intumescent material is positioned on each side of the one or more rows.
7. The flame resistant LED of claim 1 wherein the intumescent material is adhered to the substrate.
8. The flame resistant LED of claim 1 wherein the intumescent material expands at a temperature greater than or equal to about 250\xb0 F. and forms an insulating char which at least partially encompasses the one or more LEDs.
9. The flame resistant LED of claim 1 wherein the intumescent material expands at a temperature greater than or equal to about 275\xb0 F. and forms an insulating char which at least partially encompasses the one or more LEDs.
10. The flame resistant LED of claim 1 wherein the intumescent material expands at a temperature greater than or equal to about 300\xb0 F. and forms an insulating char which at least partially encompasses the one or more LEDs.
11. The flame resistant LED of claim 1 wherein the LED has a top which is located at a first distance from the substrate and the intumescent material is in the form of a sheet having a thickness which is less than the first distance.
12. A flame resistant LED construction comprising:
a substrate;
one or more LEDs that emit light mounted on the substrate;
an intumescent material adjacent to the LED such that at least a portion of the light emitted from the LED is unobstructed, wherein a sufficient amount of the intumescent material is in proximity to the LED that when the intumescent attains a temperature greater than or equal to about 250\xb0 F. the intumescent material expands and forms an insulating char which at least partially encompasses the one or more LEDs.
13. The flame resistant LED of claim 12 wherein a sufficient amount of the intumescent material is in proximity to the LED that when the LED attains a temperature greater than or equal to about 275\xb0 F. the intumescent material expands and forms an insulating char which at least partially encompasses the one or more LEDs.
14. The flame resistant LED of claim 12 wherein a sufficient amount of the intumescent material is in proximity to the LED that when the intumescent material attains a temperature greater than or equal to about 300\xb0 F. the intumescent material expands and forms an insulating char which at least partially encompasses the one or more LEDs.
15. The flame resistant LED of claim 12 wherein the intumescent material comprises one or more sheets of intumescent material.
16. The flame resistant LED of claim 15 wherein the one or more sheets of intumescent material define one or more openings, the one or more openings adapt to receive the one or more LEDs.
17. The flame resistant LED of claim 12 wherein the one or more LEDs are a plurality of LEDs arranged in one or more rows.
18. The flame resistant LED of claim 17 wherein the intumescent material comprises two or more sheets of intumescent material, wherein a sheet of intumescent material is positioned on each side of the one or more rows.
19. A method of making a flame resistant LED construction comprising:
adapting one or more sheets of intumescent material to receive a predetermined pattern of one or more LEDs that are mounted on a substrate;
placing the one or more sheets of intumescent material on the substrate onto which the one or more LED’s are mounted;
wherein a sufficient amount of the intumescent material is in proximity to the LED that when the intumescent material in proximity to the LED attains a temperature greater than or equal to about 250\xb0 F. the intumescent material expands and forms an insulating char which at least partially encompasses the one or more LEDs.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the sheet of intumescent material is adapted to receive a predetermined pattern of one or more LEDs by punching holes in a matching pattern in the sheet of intumescent material.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein the predetermined pattern of one or more LEDs mounted on the substrate comprise one or more rows of LEDs and the one or more sheets of intumescent material is adapted to receive the predetermined pattern by forming strips of the intumescent material to be placed on either side of the one or more rows of LEDs.