1. An apparatus comprising:
a first sensor electrode configured to sense a physical property of an analyte at a first time;
a second sensor electrode configured to sense a physical property of an analyte at a second time; and
an actuation electrode disposed between the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode and configured to apply an actuation force to one or more objects in the analyte.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the actuation electrode is configured to apply a dielectrophoretic force to a cell in the analyte.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the dielectrophoretic force is configured to act upon the cell in response to one or more dielectric properties of the cell.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the dielectrophoretic force is configured to act upon the cell in response to one or more physiological states of the cell.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the physiological states reflect the onset of programmed cell death.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the actuation electrode is configured to apply a magnetophoretic force to a cell in the analyte.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the magnetophoretic force is configured to act upon the cell in response to a magnetic change in the cell.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the magnetophoretic force is configured to act upon the cell in response to one or more physiological states of the cell.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the physiological states reflect the onset of programmed cell death.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second sensor electrodes comprise ground and signal portions.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein each of the actuator electrode, and ground and signal portions of the first and second sensor electrodes has a width of about 25 \u03bcm.
12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the ground and signal portions are separated from one another by a gap.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the gap is about 25 \u03bcm.
14. A system comprising:
a fluid inlet configured to receive an analyte fluid comprising one or more objects;
a fluid outlet configured to dispense of the analyte fluid;
a sensor element comprising:
a first sensor electrode configured to sense a physical property of the analyte fluid at a first time;
a second sensor electrode configured to sense a physical property of an analyte fluid at a second time; and
an actuation electrode disposed between the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode and configured to apply an actuation force to one or more objects in the analyte fluid; and
a fluid channel coupling the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, and configured to provide at least a portion of the analyte fluid to the sensor element.
15. The system of claim 14, additionally comprising two or more signal generator circuits, each signal generator circuit being coupled to one or more electrodes.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein at least one sensor electrode is coupled to a first signal generator.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the first signal generator is configured to supply a signal having a frequency of between 0.1-20 MHz.
18. The system of claim 16, wherein the actuator electrode is coupled to a second signal generator.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the second signal generator is configured to supply an electronic signal having a frequency of about 1.29 GHz.
20. A method comprising:
sensing a physical property of an object in an analyte fluid with a first sensor electrode at a first time;
applying an actuation force to the object in the analyte fluid; and
sensing the physical property of the object in the analyte fluid with a second sensor electrode at a second time.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the actuation force is applied by an electromagnetic signal.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the electromagnetic signal has a frequency of between 0.1 and 20 MHz.
23. The method of claim 20, wherein the object in the analyte fluid is a cell.
24. The method of claim 20, further comprising analyzing a first sensor signal provided by the first sensor electrode and a second sensor signal provided by the second sensor electrode to quantify the physical property of the object in the analyte fluid.
25. The method of claim 20, further comprising analyzing a first sensor signal provided by the first sensor electrode and a second sensor signal provided by the second sensor electrode to classify the physical property of the object in the analyte fluid.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for facilitating intra-casino mobile gaming, the method comprising:
forming an intra-casino mobile gaming zone internal to a casino establishment;
pairing a player ID tag with a portable gaming device (PGD);
determining whether one of the player ID tag or the PGD is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone using a zone specific local positioning system; and
permitting the PGD to provide a wager gaming capability associated with the intra-casino mobile gaming zone while wirelessly interacting with a gaming server if the determining determines that at least one of the player ID tag or the PGD is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
detecting the presence of the player ID tag within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if the determining determines that the PGD is already within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone; and
detecting the presence of the PGD within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if the determining determines that the player ID tag is already within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone.
3. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises:
denying the PGD from providing the wager gaming capability if the determining determines that the PGD is not within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone or wirelessly interacting with the gaming server.
4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the permitting comprises:
activating a game of chance on the PGD.
5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the permitting comprises:
activating gaming functions of an application program operating on the PGD.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the gaming functions of the application program operating on the PGD is in a first display mode when not activated, the first display mode disallowing gaming functions associated with the application program operating on the PGD.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the permitting includes:
receiving the player ID tag information associated with the PGD; and
determining whether the PGD is permitted to play the games of chance based on the player ID tag information.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising subsequently re-determining whether the PGD or the player ID tag is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone using the zone specific local positioning system.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the zone specific local positioning system includes at least one registration site at the intra-casino mobile gaming zone to allow the PGD or the player ID tag to establish its presence within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone.
10. A method for facilitating intra-casino mobile gaming, the method comprising:
forming an intra-casino mobile gaming zone internal to a casino establishment;
pairing a player ID tag with a portable gaming device (PGD);
determining whether one of the player ID tag or the PGD is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone using a zone specific local positioning system;
associating the presence of the player ID tag with the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if it is determined that the player ID tag is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone;
associating the presence of the PGD with the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if it is determined that the PGD is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone;
permitting the PGD to provide a wager gaming capability associated with the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if the determining determines that at least one of the player ID tag or the PGD is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone; and
denying the PGD from providing the wager gaming capability associated with the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if the determining determines that the PGD is not within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone.
11. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
detecting the presence of the player ID tag within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if the determining determines that the PGD is already within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone; and
detecting the presence of the PGD within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if the determining determines that the player ID tag is already within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the zone specific local positioning system includes at least one registration site at the intra-casino mobile gaming zone to allow the PGD andor the player ID tag to establish its presence within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the registration site allows registration of the PGD andor the player ID tag by a physical action or by proximity detection at the registration site.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the method comprises:
periodically re-determining whether the PGD or the player ID tag is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone using the zone specific local positioning system.
15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining if a wager is being placed using the wager gaming capability on the PGD; and
re-determining whether the PGD or the player ID tag is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if the determining determines that a wager is being placed.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the re-determining determines whether the PGD or the player ID tag is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone using the zone specific local positioning system.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
causing the PGD to display an indication that location must be reestablished if the re-determining determines that the PGD or the player ID tag is not within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the determining whether the PGD or the player ID tag is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone uses a physical contact or proximity to a registration site included in the zone specific local positioning system; and
wherein the re-determining determines whether the PGD or the player ID tag is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone using wireless signal strength of the PGD to a zone wireless network included in the zone specific local positioning system.
19. The method of claim 10, wherein the intra-casino mobile gaming zone includes at least one camera for security and audit.
20. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining whether the PGD or the player ID tag is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone is determined via Bluetooth, WiFi, near-field communication, or radio frequency.
21. A program storage device readable by a machine tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform a method for facilitating intra-casino mobile gaming, the method comprising:
forming an intra-casino mobile gaming zone internal to a casino establishment;
determining whether a portable gaming device (PGD) is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone using a zone specific local positioning system;
permitting the PGD to provide a wager gaming capability associated with the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if the determining determines that the PGD is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone; and
denying the PGD from providing the wager gaming capability associated with the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if the determining determines that the PGD is not within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone.
22. A program storage device readable by a machine tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform a method for facilitating intra-casino mobile gaming, the method comprising:
forming an intra-casino mobile gaming zone internal to a casino establishment;
pairing a player identifier with a portable gaming device (PGD);
determining whether one of the player identifier or the PGD is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone using a zone specific local positioning system;
associating the presence of the player identifier with the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if it is determined that the player identifier is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone;
associating the presence of the PGD with the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if it is determined that the PGD is within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone;
detecting the presence of the other paired device within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if the determining determines that one of the paired device is already within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone;
permitting the PGD to provide a wager gaming capability associated with the intra-casino mobile gaming zone; and
denying the PGD from providing the wager gaming capability associated with the intra-casino mobile gaming zone if the determining determines that the PGD or the player identifier is not within the intra-casino mobile gaming zone.