1. A bit error rate tester for counting a number of bit errors of an object to be tested, and the bit error rate tester comprising:
a transmitter pseudo random bit sequences generator for generating a parallel N-bit original pseudo random bit sequences, wherein N is an integer greater than 1 and the object to be tested outputs a parallel N-bit code to be tested after receiving the original pseudo random bit sequences;
a master pseudo random bit sequences generator for generating a parallel N-bit master pseudo random bit sequences;
a slave pseudo random bit sequences generator for generating a parallel N-bit slave pseudo random bit sequences;
a comparator for receiving, comparing, and determining whether the parallel N-bit code to be tested, the master pseudo random bit sequences, and the slave pseudo random bit sequences are the same or not, and outputting a comparison result; and
a counting unit coupling to the comparator for counting the number of bit errors based on the comparison result;
wherein, each of the transmitter pseudo random bit sequences generator, the master pseudo random bit sequences generator, and the slave pseudo random bit sequences generator comprises:
a pseudo random bit sequences generating circuit for generating a parallel (N+P\u22121)-bit source pseudo random bit sequences having a maximum pattern length of 2M\u22121, where M and P are the integers greater than 1, comprising:
a plurality of pre-counting circuits, each of the pre-counting circuits is used to perform a logic operation based on one of a plurality algorithms and output one of a plurality of (N+P\u22121)-bit pre-counting results;
at least one multiplexer module, comprising (N+P\u22121) multiplexers, each of the (N+P\u22121) multiplexers outputs one bit of one of the (N+P\u22121)-bit pre-counting results based on a pattern length selection signal; and
at least a register module, comprising (N+P\u22121) registers, each of the (N+P\u22121) registers temporarily storing an output of one of the (N+P\u22121) multiplexers based on a timing and outputs one bit of the parallel (N+P\u22121)-bit source pseudo random bit sequences;
wherein, each of the pre-counting circuits receives the parallel (N+P\u22121)-bit source pseudo random bit sequences and performs the logic operation on the parallel (N+P\u22121)-bit source pseudo random bit sequences based on the one of the algorithms, so as to output one of the pre-counting results, respectively; and
a mark density control circuit for receiving the parallel (N+P\u22121)-bit source pseudo random bit sequences, and changing a mark density of the parallel (N+P\u22121)-bit source pseudo random bit sequences based on a mark density selection signal for outputting the parallel N-bit original pseudo random bit sequences, the parallel N-bit master pseudo random bit sequences, or the parallel N-bit slave pseudo random bit sequences respectively having a minimum mark density of \xbdP.
2. The bit error rate tester of claim 1, wherein the counting unit further counts a number of comparisons based on the comparison result, so as to obtain a bit error rate of the object to be tested from the number of comparisons and the number of bit errors.
3. The bit error rate tester of claim 1 wherein the object to be tested is a data transmission system.
4. The bit error rate tester of claim 1, wherein the slave pseudo random bit sequences generator receives the parallel N-bit code to be tested, and generates the parallel N-bit slave pseudo random bit sequences based on the current parallel N-bit code to be tested.
5. The bit error rate tester of claim 1, wherein except receiving the parallel N-bit code to be tested in order to generate the parallel N-bit master pseudo random bit sequences in a predetermined period, the master pseudo random bit sequences generator does not receive the code to be tested but automatically generates master pseudo random bit sequences.
6. The bit error rate tester of claim 1, wherein the counting unit comprises:
an encoder for receiving the comparison result from the comparator, encoding the number of error bits for current comparison to a plurality of numbers of error occurrences based on the comparison result, and outputting the numbers of error occurrences;
an operating circuit for receiving and summating the numbers of error occurrences, and outputting a number of current errors; and
an accumulating circuit for sequentially receiving and summating each time’s number of current errors, and outputting the number of bit errors.
7. The bit error rate tester of claim 6, wherein the operating circuit comprises:
a plurality of first adders, wherein each of the first adders receives and summates two of the corresponding numbers of error occurrences, and outputs a medium number of errors, respectively; and
a second adder for receiving and summating the medium numbers of errors, and outputting the number of current errors.
8. The bit error rate tester of claim 6, wherein the accumulating circuit comprises:
an accumulator for summating a previous accumulation result to the number of current errors, and outputting a current accumulation result; and
a counter for counting a number of overflow for a most significant bit of the current accumulation result generated by the accumulator, and outputting a counting result, wherein a combination of the counting result and the accumulation result is the number of bit errors.
9. The bit error rate tester of claim 1, wherein if an sth stage multiplexer module among the multiplexer modules is represented by MUXs, and an sth stage register module among the register modules is represented by REGs, where s is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to
\u2308
M
N
\u2309
,
input terminals of REGsare coupled to output terminals of MUXs respectively, and output terminals of REGs are coupled to part of input terminals of MUXs\u22121.
10. The bit error rate tester of claim 1, wherein one of the algorithms is Yx=Yx\u22127\u2295Yx\u22126, where Yx, represents an xth bit of the pseudo random bit sequences generated by the pseudo random bit sequences generating circuit, and x is an integer greater than 0.
11. The bit error rate tester of claim 1, wherein the mark density control circuit comprises:
N mark density controllers MDCn for parallely receiving a plurality of outputs Zn\u02dcZn+P\u22121 from the pseudo random bit sequences generating circuit, and determining the mark density of the pseudo random bit sequences Dn to be \xbd\u02dc\xbdP based on the control from the mark density selection signal and outputting Dn, where Zn represents an output of the nth bit from the pseudo random bit sequences generating circuit, MDCn represents the nth mark density controller, Dn represents an output of the nth mark density controller, and n is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to N.
12. A pseudo random bit sequences generator, comprising:
a pseudo random bit sequences generating circuit for generating a parallel (N+P\u22121)-bit source pseudo random bit sequences having a maximum pattern length of 2.sup.M\u22121, where M and P are the integers greater than 1, comprising:
a plurality of pre-counting circuits, each of the pre-counting circuits is used to perform a logic operation based on one of a plurality algorithms and output one of a plurality of (N+P\u22121)-bit pre-counting results;
at least one multiplexer module, comprising (N+P\u22121) multiplexers, each of the (N+P\u22121) multiplexers outputs one bit of one of the (N+P\u22121)-bit pre-counting results based on a pattern length selection signal; and
at least a register module, comprising (N+P\u22121) registers, each of the (N+P\u22121) registers temporarily storing an output of one of the (N+P\u22121) multiplexers based on a timing and outputs one bit of the parallel (N+P\u22121)-bit source pseudo random bit sequences;
wherein, each of the pre-counting circuits receives the parallel (N+P\u22121)-bit source pseudo random bit sequences and performs the logic operation on the parallel (N+P\u22121)-bit source pseudo random bit sequences based on the one of the algorithms, so as to output one of the pre-counting results, respectively; and
a mark density control circuit for receiving the parallel (N+P\u22121)-bit source pseudo random bit sequences, and changing a mark density of the parallel (N+P\u22121)-bit source pseudo random bit sequences based on a mark density selection signal for outputting a parallel N-bit pseudo random bit sequences having a minimum mark density of \xbdp.
13. The pseudo random bit sequence generator of claim 12, wherein if an sth stage multiplexer module among the multiplexer modules is represented by MUXs, and an sth stage register module among the register modules is represented by REGs, where s is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to
\u2308
M
N
\u2309
,
input terminals of REGs are coupled to output terminals of MUXs respectively, and output terminals of REGs are coupled to part of input terminals of MUXs\u22121.
14. The pseudo random bit sequence generator of claim 12, wherein one of the algorithms is Yx=Yx\u22127\u2295Yx\u22126, where Yx represents an xth bit of the pseudo random bit sequences generated by the pseudo random bit sequences generating circuit, and x is an integer greater than 0.
15. The pseudo random bit sequences generator of claim 12, wherein the mark density control circuit comprises:
N mark density controllers MDCn for parallely receiving a plurality of outputs Zn\u02dcZn+p\u22121 from the pseudo random bit sequences generating circuit, and determining the mark density of the pseudo random bit sequences Dn to be \xbd\u02dc\xbdP based on the control from the mark density selection signal and outputting Dn, where Zn represents an output of the nth bit from the pseudo random bit sequences generating circuit, MDCn represents the nth mark density controller, Dn represents an output of the nth mark density controller, and n is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to N.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for maintaining the health of an electrical storage device, the method comprising:
measuring revolutions per unit time of an engine shaft of an internal combustion engine;
determining minimum revolutions per unit time necessary to provide at least a threshold minimum percentage of full operational output power of an alternator;
receiving a status signal indicating whether the engine shaft is coupled or decoupled with at least one wheel or drive track; and
sending a control signal to control the measured revolutions per unit time equal to or greater than the determined minimum revolutions per unit time if the status signal is indicative of decoupling.
2. The method according to claim 1 further comprising:
charging an electrical storage device with the alternator.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the threshold minimum percentage is greater than or equal to fifty percent of full operational output power of the alternator.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the threshold minimum percentage is equal to the approximately full operational output power of the alternator.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the minimum revolutions per unit time are within a range from approximately 1200 revolutions per minute to approximately 2000 revolutions per minute.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein status signal indicates that the engine shaft is decoupled when at least one of the following conditions is present: (a) a transmission being placed in neutral and (b) a vehicle being under an electrical propulsion mode.
7. The method according to claim 1 further comprising:
detecting a state-of-charge information associated with the electrical storage device;
adjusting a voltage outputted by the alternator based on the detected state-of-charge information.
8. The method according to claim 1 further comprising:
detecting state-of-charge information associated with the electrical storage device;
detecting a temperature associated with the electrical storage device;
adjusting the voltage outputted by a voltage regulator based on the detected state-of-charge information and the detected temperature.
9. A system for maintaining the health of an electrical storage device, the system comprising:
a tachometer for measuring revolutions per unit time of an engine shaft of an internal combustion engine;
a drive train sensor for providing a status signal indicating whether the engine shaft is coupled or decoupled with respect to at least one wheel or drive track to propel a vehicle;
a controller for determining minimum revolutions per unit time necessary to provide at least a threshold minimum percentage of full operational output power of an alternator; a controller for sending a control signal to control the measured revolutions per unit time equal to or greater than the determined minimum revolutions per unit time if the status signal is indicative of disengagement; and
a throttle actuator responsive to the control signal.
10. The system according to claim 9 further comprising:
an alternator for charging an electrical storage device.
11. The system according to claim 9 wherein the threshold minimum percentage is greater than or equal to fifty percent of full operational output power of the alternator.
12. The system according to claim 9 wherein the threshold minimum percentage is equal to the approximately full operational output power of the alternator.
13. The system according to claim 9 wherein the minimum revolutions per unit time are within a range from approximately 1200 revolutions per minute to approximately 2000 revolutions per minute.
14. The method according to claim 9 wherein status signal indicates that the engine shaft is decoupled when at least one of the following conditions is present: (a) a transmission being placed in neutral and (b) a vehicle being under an electrical propulsion mode.
15. The system according to claim 9 further comprising:
a state-of-charge device for providing a state-of-charge information associated with the electrical storage device; and
a voltage regulator for adjusting an output voltage outputted by the alternator based on the detected state-of-charge information.
16. The system according to claim 9 further comprising:
a state-of-charge device for providing a state-of-charge information associated with the electrical storage device;
a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature associated with the electrical storage device; and
adjusting the voltage outputted by the alternator based on the state-of-charge information and the detected temperature.