1. A tri-band antenna comprising:
a meander line radiator;
a tapered line radiator coupled to the meander line radiator, the tapered line radiator defined by two sides, each of which taper from a first end to define a first line width of the tapered line radiator to a second end to define a second line width of the tapered line radiator;
a straight line radiator coupled to the tapered line radiator; and,
wherein the meander line, tapered line, and straight line radiators are non-coplanar oriented.
2. The antenna of claim 1 further comprising:
a dielectric layer having top surface and a bottom surface, each surface having an area of less than 1.0\xd7106 square mils (mils2); and,
wherein the meander line, tapered line, and straight line radiators overlie the dielectric layer top and bottom surfaces.
3. The antenna of claim 1 further comprising:
a dielectric layer having top surface and a bottom surface; and,
wherein the meander line, tapered line, and straight line radiators are microstrip structures overlying the dielectric layer top and bottom surfaces.
4. The antenna of claim 3 wherein the meander line radiator has an input connected to a transmission line feed, and an output;
wherein the tapered line radiator has an input connected to the meander line radiator output, and an output; and,
wherein the straight line radiator has an input connected to the tapered line radiator output, and an unterminated output.
5. The antenna of claim 4 wherein the second line width of the tapered line radiator is less than the first line width of the tapered line radiator.
6. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the tapered line radiator has a width that linearly varies from the first line width of the tapered line radiator to the second line width of the tapered line radiator.
7. The antenna of claim 5 wherein the meander line radiator is formed on the dielectric layer top surface;
wherein the tapered line radiator is formed on the dielectric layer bottom surface; and,
wherein the straight line radiator is formed on the dielectric layer bottom surface.
8. The antenna of claim 7 wherein the dielectric layer includes a conductive via between the top surface and the bottom surface;
wherein the meander line radiator output is connected to the via on the dielectric layer top surface; and,
wherein the tapered line radiator input is connected to the via on the dielectric layer bottom surface.
9. The antenna of claim 8 wherein the dielectric layer has a first end and a second end, with the via located proximate to the second end;
wherein the meander line radiator input is formed at the dielectric layer first end and the output is formed at the dielectric layer second end;
wherein the tapered line radiator input is formed at the dielectric layer second end; and,
wherein the straight line radiator output is located proximate to the dielectric layer first end.
10. The antenna of claim 7 wherein the combination of the meander line radiator, tapered line radiator, and straight line radiator forms a first effective electrical length corresponding to a first frequency, a second effective electrical length corresponding to a second frequency, non-harmonically related to the first frequency, and a third effective electrical length corresponding to a third frequency, non-harmonically related to the first and second frequencies.
11. The antenna of claim 10 wherein the combination of the meander line radiator, tapered line radiator, and straight line radiator forms effective electrical lengths corresponding to frequencies in the ranges of approximately 824 to 894 megahertz (MHz), 1565 to 1585 MHz, and 1850 to 1990 MHz.
12. The antenna of claim 11 wherein the meander line radiator has a line width, a first line length per turn, a second line length per turn, a line leader length, and a number of turns;
wherein the tapered line radiator has a line length; and,
wherein the straight line radiator has a line length and a line width.
13. The antenna of claim 12 wherein the meander line radiator has a line width of 31.25 mils, a first line length per turn of 20 mils, a second line length per turn of 322 mils, a line leader length of 220 mils, and 13 turns;
wherein the first line width of the tapered line radiator is 322 mils;
wherein the second line width of the tapered line radiator is 31.25 mils;
wherein a line length of the tapered line radiator is 1160 mils; and,
wherein the straight line radiator has a line length of 440 mils and a line width of 31.25 mils.
14. A tri-band antenna comprising:
a meander line radiator;
a tapered line radiator coupled to the meander line radiator;
a straight line radiator coupled to the tapered line radiator;
a dielectric layer having a first surface and a second surface;
wherein the meander line, tapered line, and straight line radiators are arranged on the dielectric layer first and second surfaces to provide electromagnetic coupling between at least two of the meander line, tapered line, and straight line radiators during operation.
15. The antenna of claim 14 further wherein each of said first and second surfaces having an area of less than 1.0\xd7106 square mils (mils2).
16. The antenna of claim 14 wherein the first surface is a top surface and the second surface is a bottom surface; and,
wherein the meander line, tapered line, and straight line radiators are microstrip structures overlying the dielectric layer top and bottom surfaces.
17. The antenna of claim 16 wherein the meander line radiator has an input connected to a transmission line feed, and an output;
wherein the tapered line radiator has an input connected to the meander output, and an output; and,
wherein the straight line radiator has an input connected to the tapered output, and an unterminated output.
18. The antenna of claim 17 wherein the tapered line radiator has a first line width and a second line width;
wherein the second line width of the tapered line radiator is less than the first line width of the tapered line radiator.
19. The antenna of claim 14 wherein the tapered line radiator has a width that linearly varies from the first line width of the tapered line radiator to the second line width of the tapered line radiator.
20. The antenna of claim 18 wherein the meander line radiator is formed on the dielectric layer top surface;
wherein the tapered line radiator is formed on the dielectric layer bottom surface; and,
wherein the straight line radiator is formed on the dielectric layer bottom surface.
21. The antenna of claim 20 wherein the dielectric layer includes a conductive via between the top surface and the bottom surface;
wherein the meander line radiator output is connected to the via on the dielectric layer top surface; and,
wherein the tapered line radiator input is connected to the via on the dielectric layer bottom surface.
22. The antenna of claim 21 wherein the dielectric layer has a first end and a second end, with the via located proximate to the second end;
wherein the meander line radiator input is formed at the dielectric layer first end and the output is formed at the dielectric layer second end;
wherein the tapered line radiator input is formed at the dielectric layer second end; and,
wherein the straight line radiator output is located proximate to the dielectric layer first end.
23. The antenna of claim 20 wherein the combination of the meander line radiator, tapered line radiator, and straight line radiator forms a first effective electrical length corresponding to a first frequency, a second effective electrical length corresponding to a second frequency, non-harmonically related to the first frequency, and a third effective electrical length corresponding to a third frequency, non-harmonically related to the first and second frequencies.
24. The antenna of claim 23 wherein the combination of the meander line radiator, tapered line radiator, and straight line radiator forms effective electrical lengths corresponding to frequencies in the ranges of approximately 824 to 894 megahertz (MHz), 1565 to 1585 MHz, and 1850 to 1990 MHz.
25. The antenna of claim 24 wherein the meander line radiator has a line width, a first line length per turn, a second line length per turn, a line leader length, and a number of turns;
wherein the tapered line radiator has a line length; and,
wherein the straight line radiator has a line length and a line width.
26. The antenna of claim 25 wherein the meander line radiator has a line width of 31.25 mils, a first line length per turn of 20 mils, a second line length per turn of 322 mils, a line leader length of 220 mils, and 13 turns;
wherein the first line width of the tapered line radiator is 322 mils;
wherein the second line width of the tapered line radiator is 31.25 mils;
wherein a line length of the tapered line radiator is 1160 mils; and,
wherein the straight line radiator has a line length of 440 mils and a line width of 31.25 mils.
27. A wireless communications system comprising:
a microprocessor subsystem;
a high data rate (HDR) modem card having a first port connected to the microprocessor subsystem, an antenna port, and a card width;
a tri-band antenna connected to the HDR modem antenna port and including a meander line radiator, a tapered line radiator, and a straight line radiator overlying a dielectric layer, the tapered line radiator coupled to the meander line radiator, the straight line radiator coupled to the tapered line radiator;
wherein the meander line, tapered line, and straight line radiators are arranged on the dielectric layer to provide electromagnetic coupling between at least two of the meander line, tapered line, and straight line radiators during operation.
28. The system of claim 27 wherein the combination of the meander line radiator, tapered line radiator, and straight line radiator forms a first effective electrical length corresponding to a first frequency, a second effective electrical length corresponding to a second frequency, non-harmonically related to the first frequency, and a third effective electrical length corresponding to a third frequency, non-harmonically related to the first and second frequencies.
29. The system of claim 28 wherein the combination of the meander line radiator, tapered line radiator, and straight line radiator forms effective electrical lengths corresponding to frequencies in the ranges of approximately 824 to 894 megahertz (MHz), 1565 to 1585 MHz, and 1850 to 1990 MHz.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A video encodingdecoding apparatus, comprising:
a video encoder for generating a predicted block by predicting a current block, generating a first residual block by subtracting the predicted block from the current block, selectively frequency transforming the first residual block into a frequency transformed first residual block, generating a first quantized block for the first residual block or the frequency transformed first residual block, generating a second quantized block, if the first quantized block is a quantized first residual block from quantizing the first residual block, by selectively performing a secondary prediction on the quantized first residual block by using a secondary predicted motion vector set, encoding an information on whether the frequency transforming is performed and selectively an information on the secondary prediction, and encoding the first quantized block or the second quantized block into a bitstream; and
a video decoder for decoding a quantized block, an information on whether a frequency transform is performed and an information related to a secondary prediction from a bitstream, reconstructing a residual block from the quantized block by using the information on whether the frequency transform is performed, an information on whether the secondary prediction is performed and an information on a secondary predicted motion vector within the information related to the secondary prediction, generating a predicted block by predicting a current block, and reconstructing the current block by adding a reconstructed residual block and the predicted block.
2. A video encoding apparatus, comprising:
a predictor for generating a predicted block by predicting a current block;
a first residual block generator for generating a first residual block by subtracting the predicted block from the current block;
an adaptive transform-quantization unit for selectively frequency transforming the first residual block into a frequency transformed first residual block and generating a first quantized block for the first residual block or the frequency transformed first residual block;
a second residual block generator for generating a second quantized block, if the first quantized block is a quantized first residual block from quantizing the first residual block, by selectively performing a secondary prediction on the quantized first residual block by using a secondary predicted motion vector set; and
an encoder for encoding an information on whether the frequency transforming is performed and selectively encoding an information on the secondary prediction, and encoding the first quantized block or the second quantized block.
3. The video encoding apparatus of claim 2, wherein the adaptive transform-quantization unit comprises:
an adaptive transform determiner for adaptively determining whether to encode the first residual block into a frequency domain or a spatial domain;
a spatial domain quantizer for generating the first quantized block by quantizing the first residual block into the spatial domain as determined; and
a transform-quantization unit for generating the first quantized block by performing a frequency transform and a quantization on the first residual block into the frequency domain as determined.
4. (canceled)
5. The video encoding apparatus of claim 2, wherein a determination is made whether the secondary prediction is performed when a first quantized block in a spatial domain of a block of a previous frame is different from a first quantized block in a spatial domain of the current block by a smallest amount which is less than the first quantized block in the spatial domain of the current block.
6. (canceled)
7. The video encoding apparatus of claim 2, wherein the information on the secondary prediction contains an information on whether the secondary prediction is performed and an information on a motion vector used for the secondary prediction, and the information on whether the frequency transform is performed, the information on whether the secondary prediction is performed, and the information on the motion vector used for the secondary prediction are combined together into a binary data and encoded.
8. (canceled)
9. The video encoding apparatus of claim 2, wherein the secondary predicted motion vector set includes one or more of a motion vector of the current block, motion vectors of neighboring blocks of the current block, an average of the motion vectors of the neighboring blocks of the current block, a motion vector of a previous frame at an identical position to a position of the current block, and a maximum probability motion vector.
10. A video decoding apparatus, comprising:
a decoder for decoding a quantized block, an information on whether a frequency transform is performed, and an information related to a secondary prediction from a bitstream;
a residual block reconstructer for reconstructing a residual block from the quantized block by using the information on whether the frequency transform is performed, an information on whether the secondary prediction is performed and an information on a secondary predicted motion vector, both information being contained in the information related to the secondary prediction;
a predictor for generating a predicted block by predicting a current block; and
an adder for adding a reconstructed residual block and the predicted block to reconstruct the current block.
11. The video decoding apparatus of claim 10, wherein the residual block reconstructer performs inversely quantizing and inversely transforming on the quantized block if the information on whether the frequency transform is performed means a \u201cfrequency domain encoding\u201d, inversely quantizing on the quantized block if the information on whether the frequency transform is performed means \u201ca spatial domain encoding\u201d and the information on whether the secondary prediction is performed within the information related to the secondary prediction means a \u201cnon-performance of the secondary prediction\u201d, and decoding of the information on the secondary predicted motion vector within the information related to the secondary prediction if the information on whether the frequency transform is performed means the \u201cspatial domain encoding\u201d and the information on whether the secondary prediction is performed within the information related to the secondary prediction means a \u201cperformance of the secondary prediction\u201d, thereby reconstructing and inversely quantizing a quantized first residual block from the quantized block by using the secondary predicted motion vector to reconstruct the residual block.
12. The video decoding apparatus of claim 10, wherein the information on whether the frequency transform is performed, the information on whether the secondary prediction is performed, and information on the motion vector used for the secondary prediction are combined together, encoded into a binary data, and included in the bitstream.
13. The video decoding apparatus of claim 10, wherein the secondary predicted motion vector is one of a motion vector of the current block, motion vectors of neighboring blocks of the current block, an average of the motion vectors of the neighboring blocks of the current block, a motion vector of a previous frame at an identical position to a position of the current block, and a maximum probability motion vector.
14. (canceled)
15. A video encoding method, comprising:
performing a prediction by generating a predicted block through a prediction of a current block;
generating a first residual block by subtracting the predicted block from the current block;
performing an adaptive transform-quantization by selectively frequency transforming the first residual block into a frequency transformed first residual block and generating a first quantized block for the first residual block or the frequency transformed first residual block;
generating a second residual block by generating a second quantized block, if the first quantized block is a quantized first residual block from quantizing the first residual block, through selectively performing a secondary prediction on the quantized first residual block by using a secondary predicted motion vector set; and
encoding an information on whether the frequency transforming is performed and selectively encoding an information on the secondary prediction, and encoding the first quantized block or the second quantized block.
16. The video encoding method of claim 15, wherein the process of performing the adaptive transform-quantization comprises:
determining an adaptive transform by adaptively determining whether to encode the first residual block into a frequency domain or a spatial domain;
performing a spatial domain quantization by generating the first quantized block by quantizing the first residual block into the spatial domain as determined; and
performing a transform and quantization by generating the first quantized block by performing the frequency transform and a quantization on the first residual block into the frequency domain as determined.
17. (canceled)
18. The video encoding method of claim 15, wherein a determination is made whether the secondary prediction is performed when a first quantized block in a spatial domain of a block of a previous frame is different from a first quantized block in a spatial domain of the current block by a smallest amount which is less than the first quantized block in the spatial domain of the current block.
19-21. (canceled)
22. The video encoding method of claim 15, wherein the secondary predicted motion vector set includes one or more of a motion vector of the current block, motion vector of neighboring block of the current block, an average of the motion vectors of the neighboring blocks of the current block, a motion vector of a previous frame at an identical position to a position of the current block, and a maximum probability motion vector.
23. A video decoding method, comprising:
decoding a quantized block, an information on whether a frequency transform is performed, and an information related to a secondary prediction from a bitstream;
reconstructing a residual block from the quantized block by using the information on whether the frequency transform is performed, an information on whether the secondary prediction is performed and an information on a secondary predicted motion vector, both information being contained in the information related to the secondary prediction;
performing a prediction by generating a predicted block by predicting a current block; and
adding a reconstructed residual block and the predicted block to reconstruct the current block.
24. The video decoding method of claim 23, wherein reconstructing the residual block performs inversely quantizing and inversely transforming on the quantized block if the information on whether the frequency transform is performed means a \u201cfrequency domain encoding\u201d, inversely quantizing on the quantized block if the information on whether the frequency transform is performed means \u201ca spatial domain encoding\u201d and the information on whether the secondary prediction is performed within the information related to the secondary prediction means a \u201cnon-performance of the secondary prediction\u201d, and decoding of the information on the secondary predicted motion vector within the information related to the secondary prediction if the information on whether the frequency transform is performed means the \u201cspatial domain encoding\u201d and the information on whether the secondary prediction is performed within the information related to the secondary prediction means a \u201cperformance of the secondary prediction\u201d, thereby reconstructing and inversely quantizing a quantized first residual block from the quantized block by using the secondary predicted motion vector to reconstruct the residual block.
25. The video decoding method of claim 23, wherein the information on whether the frequency transform is performed, the information on whether the secondary prediction is performed, and information on the motion vector used for the secondary prediction are combined together, encoded into a binary data, and included in the bitstream.
26. The video decoding method of claim 23, wherein the secondary predicted motion vector is one of a motion vector of the current block, motion vectors of neighboring blocks of the current block, an average of the motion vectors of the neighboring blocks of the current block, a motion vector of a previous frame at an identical position to a position of the current block, and a maximum probability motion vector.
27. (canceled)