What is claimed is:
1. A method for developing a pepper cultivar which is completely resistant to cucumber mosaic virus, the method comprising the steps of:
a. crossing a first pepper cultivar which contains a single dominant gene within its genome, which when expressed in said cultivar confers complete resistance to cucumber mosaic virus to said cultivar with a second pepper cultivar which does not contain a single dominant gene in its genome which upon expression, encodes for complete resistance to cucumber mosaic virus;
b. performing one or more selection and crossing steps until a pepper cultivar is produced which contains a single dominant gene within its genome, which when expressed in said pepper cultivar, confers complete resistance to cucumber mosaic virus.
2. The method of claim 1 comprising two or more selection and crossing steps.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the first pepper cultivar is used as the female parent.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the first pepper cultivar is used as the male parent.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the pepper cultivar is a bell pepper, sweet pepper, green pepper, red pepper or hot pepper.
6. A pepper cultivar which is completely resistant to cucumber mosaic virus produced by the method of claim 1.
7. Progeny from the pepper cultivar of claims 6.
8. Pepper seeds from the pepper cultivar of claims 6 or 7.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the first pepper cultivar is Wonder Hot.
10. A pepper cultivar which is completely resistant to cucumber mosaic virus produced by the method of claim 9.
11. Progeny from the pepper cultivar of claim 10.
12. Pepper seeds from the pepper cultivar of claims 10 or 11.
13. A DNA marker linked to a single dominant gene, which when said single dominant gene is expressed in a pepper cultivar, confers complete resistance to cucumber mosaic virus, wherein said DNA marker is identified using bulk segregant analysis.
14. A method for identifying a single dominant gene in a genome of a plant, which when expressed in said plant, confers complete resistance to cucumber mosaic virus to said plant, the method comprising the steps of:
screening the genome of a plant with the DNA marker of claim 13 and identifying a single dominant gene within the genome of the plant which when expressed in said plant confers complete resistance to cucumber mosaic virus.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus for controlling a vehicle having an internal combustion engine mounted thereon, a transmission mechanism that changes rotation of the engine in speed, a torque converter that has a lockup clutch and is disposed between the engine and the transmission mechanism, a generator that is driven by the engine and generates power, and a vehicle deceleration-time controller that controls operation of the vehicle to cut off or restrict fuel supply to the engine and to engage the lockup clutch of the torque converter based on at least a vehicle speed indicative of traveling speed of the vehicle, a speed of the engine and an accelerator opening, comprising:
a generator load reducing condition determiner that determines whether a condition that enables to reduce load of the generator is established; and
a disengaging vehicle speed setter that sets a disengaging vehicle speed at which the lockup clutch is to be disengaged based on the determination by the generator load reducing condition determiner as to whether or not the condition that enables to reduce load of the generator is established;
wherein the disengaging vehicle speed setter sets a desired power generation value of the generator to a first voltage value and sets the disengaging vehicle speed at which the lockup clutch is to be disengaged to a first vehicle speed when it is determined that the condition that enables to reduce the load of the generator is not established, while sets the desired power generation value of the generator to a second voltage value that is determined based on a detected vehicle speed based on characteristics preset relative to deceleration of the vehicle and sets the disengaging vehicle speed to a second vehicle speed that is lower than the first vehicle speed when it is determined that the condition that enables to reduce the load of the generator is established.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the disengaging vehicle speed setter sets the disengaging vehicle speed to the second vehicle speed when the detected vehicle speed is equal to or greater than the first vehicle speed, while setting the disengaging vehicle speed to the first vehicle speed if the disengaging vehicle speed is not set to the second vehicle speed when the detected vehicle speed is smaller than the first vehicle speed.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the disengaging vehicle speed setter sets the desired power generation value of the generator to a third voltage value that is greater than the first voltage value when it is determined by the generator load reducing condition determiner that the condition that enables to reduce the load of the generator is established and the detected vehicle speed is equal to or greater than a third vehicle speed that is greater than the first vehicle speed.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the characteristics are preset so that the desired power generation value of the generator decreases as the detected vehicle speed decreases.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the generator load reducing condition determiner determines whether the condition that enables to reduce load of the generator is established by discriminating whether a charge of a battery provided at the vehicle is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the generator load reducing condition determiner determines whether the condition that enables to reduce load of the generator is established based on consumption of electric loads of the vehicle.
7. A method for a vehicle having an internal combustion engine mounted thereon, a transmission mechanism that changes rotation of the engine in speed, a torque converter that has a lockup clutch and is disposed between the engine and the transmission mechanism, a generator that is driven by the engine and generates power, and a vehicle deceleration-time controller that controls operation of the vehicle to cut off or restrict fuel supply to the engine and to engage the lockup clutch of the torque converter based on at least a vehicle speed indicative of traveling speed of the vehicle, a speed of the engine and an accelerator opening, comprising the steps of:
determining whether a condition that enables to reduce load of the generator is established; and
setting a disengaging vehicle speed at which the lockup clutch is to be disengaged based on the determination by the step of generator load reducing condition determining as to whether or not the condition that enables to reduce load of the generator is established;
wherein the step of disengaging vehicle speed setting sets a desired power generation value of the generator to a first voltage value and sets the disengaging vehicle speed at which the lockup clutch is to be disengaged to a first vehicle speed when it is determined that the condition that enables to reduce the load of the generator is not established, while sets the desired power generation value of the generator to a second voltage value that is determined based on a detected vehicle speed based on characteristics preset relative to deceleration of the vehicle and sets the disengaging vehicle speed to a second vehicle speed that is lower than the first vehicle speed when it is determined that the condition that enables to reduce the load of the generator is established.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the step of disengaging vehicle speed setting sets the disengaging vehicle speed to the second vehicle speed when the detected vehicle speed is equal to or greater than the first vehicle speed, while setting the disengaging vehicle speed to the first vehicle speed if the disengaging vehicle speed is not set to the second vehicle speed when the detected vehicle speed is smaller than the first vehicle speed.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the step of disengaging vehicle speed setting sets the desired power generation value of the generator to a third voltage value that is greater than the first voltage value when it is determined by the step of generator load reducing condition determining that the condition that enables to reduce the load of the generator is established and the detected vehicle speed is equal to or greater than a third vehicle speed that is greater than the first vehicle speed.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the characteristics are preset so that the desired power generation value of the generator decreases as the detected vehicle speed decreases.
11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the step of generator load reducing condition determining determines whether the condition that enables to reduce load of the generator is established by discriminating whether a charge of a battery provided at the vehicle is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the step of generator load reducing condition determining determines whether the condition that enables to reduce load of the generator is established based on consumption of electric loads of the vehicle.