1. A diesel engine comprising:
a fuel injection apparatus for injecting a fuel into a combustion chamber;
an external EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) apparatus for returning part of exhaust gas present in an exhaust channel into an intake channel via an EGR channel;
an internal EGR apparatus for controlling opening-closing timing of an intake valve or exhaust valve and returning part of the exhaust gas into the combustion chamber or retaining it therein; and
a control apparatus for controlling the fuel injection apparatus, the external EGR apparatus, and the internal EGR apparatus; wherein
the control apparatus implements in a prescribed operation region a premixed combustion in which the fuel is injected before the compression top dead center of a piston, the EGR of a comparatively large quantity is implemented, and the mixture ignites after the end of fuel injection, and implements outside the prescribed operation region a normal combustion in which the fuel is injected in the vicinity of the top dead center, the EGR is implemented in a quantity less than that when the premixed combustion is implemented, and the fuel ignites during this injection; and
the control apparatus controls the EGR ratio by using both the external EGR apparatus and the internal EGR apparatus when the premixed combustion is implemented, and controls the EGR ratio by using only the external EGR apparatus, without implementing the EGR with the internal EGR apparatus, when the normal combustion is implemented.
2. The diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein
the control apparatus implements the premixed combustion in an operation region with a comparatively low load and implements the normal combustion in a region with a load higher than that in the region where the premixed combustion is implemented.
3. The diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein
the internal EGR apparatus opens the exhaust valve in the intake stroke.
4. The diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein
the internal EGR apparatus shortens the opening period of the exhaust valve in the exhaust stroke with respect to when no internal EGR is implemented.
5. The diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein
the internal EGR apparatus opens the intake valve in the exhaust stroke.
6. The diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein
when implementing the premixed combustion, the control apparatus controls the external EGR apparatus so that the EGR ratio produced by the external EGR apparatus becomes substantially equal to the maximum EGR ratio attained when the normal combustion is implemented and controls the internal EGR apparatus so as to compensate the insufficiency in the EGR produced by the external EGR apparatus.
7. The diesel engine according to claim 6, wherein
the internal EGR apparatus opens the exhaust valve in the intake stroke.
8. The diesel engine according to claim 6, wherein
the internal EGR apparatus shortens the opening period of the exhaust valve in the exhaust stroke with respect to when no internal EGR is implemented.
9. The diesel engine according to claim 6, wherein
the internal EGR apparatus opens the intake valve in the exhaust stroke.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An agitating retort for processing at least one stack, comprising:
a drum structure for receiving the at least one stack;
a system for rotating the drum structure about a rotational axis with the at least one stack within the drum structure; and
a processing fluid distribution system having portions rotatable with the drum structure, said process fluid distribution system comprising a plurality of process fluid spray nozzles disposed along the drum structure in two spaced apart sets, said sets of spray nozzles positioned diametrically opposed from each other relative to the rotational axis of the drum to direct processing fluid at the at least one stack during operation of the agitating retort.
2. An agitating retort according to claim 1, wherein the processing fluid distribution system further comprising processing fluid tubes rotatable with the drum structure, said spray nozzles in fluid flow communication with the processing fluid tubes.
3. An agitating retort according to claim 2, wherein said spray nozzles are positioned along the processing fluid tubes to provide a substantially uniform supply of processing fluid along the length of the drum structure.
4. An agitating retort according to claim 3, wherein the process fluid distribution tubes having at least one inlet, said spray nozzles positioned relative to the location of the distribution tube inlet to direct the substantial uniform supply of processing fluid along the length of the drum structure.
5. An agitating retort according to claim 4, wherein the further the spray nozzles are located from the processing fluid distribution tube inlet, the closer the spray nozzles are positioned relative to each other.
6. An agitating retort according to claim 4, wherein the spray nozzles are of a solid cone type.
7. The agitating retort according to claim 1, wherein the spray nozzles emit a solid cone of process fluid.
8. An agitating retort according to claim 1, wherein the at least one stack when in nominal orientation, said at least one stack comprising a plurality of vertically stacked layers, and
said spray nozzles located along the sides of said layers.
9. An agitating retort according to claim 8, wherein the at least one stack comprises one or more structures for receiving a plurality content containing containers to be processed by the agitating retort, said structures defining side portions that are at least partially open to allow processing fluid from the spray nozzles to reach the containers positioned distal from the spray.
10. An agitating retort according to claim 1, wherein the spray nozzles are positioned relative to each other to provide a substantially uniform supply of processing fluid to each stack within the drum.
11. An apparatus for rotating one or more removable stacks disposed in a row, said one or more stacks defining side portions, the apparatus comprising a process fluid distribution system, the fluid distribution system comprising a plurality of nozzles for directing process fluid at the one or more stacks, said nozzles:
movable with the one or more rotating stacks; and
positioned adjacent the side portions of the one or more stacks to direct process fluid at the side portions of the one or more stacks.
12. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said process fluid nozzles are arranged to direct substantially uniform quantities of process fluid on each of the one or more stacks.
13. An apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the substantial uniform quantity of processing fluid directed at each of the one or more stacks achieved by positioning the process fluid nozzles at selected distances relative to each other.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said fluid nozzles are of a solid cone type.
15. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said process fluid nozzles direct a solid cone of process fluid at the one or more stacks.
16. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the process fluid distribution system further comprising a plurality of distribution tubes disposed along the sides of the one or more stacks, said process fluid nozzles in fluid communication with said distribution tubes.
17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said process fluid nozzles are positioned along the distribution tubes to direct a substantial unifomi quantity of process fluid on each of the one or more stacks.
18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the distance separating adjacent fluid nozzles are selected to achieve substantially uniform flow of process fluid at each of the one or more stacks.
19. A method of processing product disposed in containers, comprising:
arranging the containers in stacks, said stacks defining side portions;
rotating the stacks;
directing processing fluid at the side portions of the stacks via spray nozzles that move with the stacks.
20. The process according to claim 19, wherein the spray nozzles are positioned in stationary locations relative to the stacks during processing of the containers.
21. The process according to claim 19, wherein the spray nozzles are positioned so that a substantial uniform quantity of process fluid is directed at each of the stacks.
22. The method according to claim 19, wherein the nozzles are in fluid flow communication with a process fluid distribution subsystem, said subsystem is in turn in fluid flow communication with a source of process fluid.