1. A soldier pile wall for shoring an excavation site, the soldier pile wall comprising:
a plurality of drilled shafts drilled along an edge of the excavation site;
a plurality of soldier piles, each of the plurality of soldier piles being positioned within a respective drilled shaft; and
a pre-stressing system coupled to at least some of the plurality of soldier piles, the pre-stressing system configured to induce stresses to counteract working stresses of the soldier pile wall.
2. The soldier pile wall of claim 1 wherein the pre-stressing system includes a post-tensioning strand.
3. The soldier pile wall of claim 3 wherein the pre-stressing system further comprises:
a protective cover having grout therein, the grout surrounding the post-tensioning strand.
4. The soldier pile wall of claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of drilled shafts includes cementitious material surrounding the soldier pile.
5. The soldier pile wall of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of laggings extending laterally between the plurality of soldier piles, each lagging being coupleable to a front side flange of each of adjacent soldier piles.
6. The soldier pile wall of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of laggings extending laterally between the plurality of soldier piles, the plurality of laggings comprising concrete of a secant pile.
7. The soldier pile wall of claim 2, further comprising:
a compressive flange coupled to the soldier pile, the compressive flange including an aperture to allow a corresponding post-tensioning strand to pass therethrough.
8. A system for shoring an excavation site having a plurality of adjacent holes drilled along an edge of the excavation site where a soldier pile wall is to be erected, the system comprising:
a plurality of modular soldier piles, each of the plurality of modular soldier piles to be positioned within a respective hole and including a pre-stressing system coupled thereto, the pre-stressing system having:
a post-tensioning strand enclosed in a protective cover, the protective cover having grout therein to surround and enclose the post-tensioning strand;
an anchorage system positioned at each end of the post-tensioning strand and coupled to a respective end of the post-tensioning strand; and
a compressive flange brace having an aperture to allow the post-tensioning strand to pass therethrough, the compressive flange brace preventing bending of the modular soldier pile during a pre-stressing operation.
9. A method to make a soldier pile wall for an excavation site, the method comprising:
drilling a row of holes along an edge of the excavation site to form a corresponding drilled shaft;
coupling a pre-stressing system to at least some of a plurality of soldier piles;
placing each of the plurality of soldier piles within a respective drilled shaft;
pouring cementitious material to fill the drilled shaft;
excavating the excavation site; and
inserting lagging laterally and between adjacent soldier piles.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the pre-stressing system includes a post-tensioning strand enclosed and surrounded by a protective cover having grout.
11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
coupling a compressive flange brace to the soldier pile having the pre-stressing system coupled thereto.
12. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
tensioning the soldier pile having the pre-stressing system coupled thereto, wherein the tensioning step comprises:
fixedly holding a first end of the pre-stressing system;
releasably coupling a second end of the pre-stressing system to a hydraulic jack; and
applying a pre-set tension to the pre-stressing system.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the soldier pile is tensioned after being placed within the drilled shaft.
14. The method of claim 9 wherein the coupling step comprises:
coupling an anchorage system at each end of the pre-stressing system; and
coupling a plurality of post-tensioning strands to the anchorage system.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A product having a luminous surface, the product comprising:
a light guide providing the luminous surface, the light guide comprising a plurality of scattering elements for producing a substantially homogeneous light output across the luminous surface, and
a plurality of solid state lighting elements, each of the solid state lighting elements being arranged to emit a beam of light into the light guide,
wherein the light guide further comprises a first body arranged to create respective light patterns in the light guide by creating respective regions in the light guide that are shaded from the respective beams of light.
2. The product of claim 1, wherein the plurality of solid state lighting elements comprises a first solid state lighting element, and wherein the position of the first solid state lighting element is adjustable relative to the light guide.
3. (canceled)
4. The product of claim 1 wherein each of the solid state lighting elements is individually controllable.
5. The product of claim 1 wherein the plurality of solid state lighting elements comprises a first solid state lighting element that is adapted to emit light of a first colour, and wherein the plurality of solid state lighting elements further comprises a second solid state lighting element that is adapted to emit light of a second colour.
6. The product of claims 1, comprising a plurality of bodies including the first body, for creating a plurality of regions in the light guide each of the plurality of regions being shaded from a beam of light.
7. The product of claim 1, wherein the plurality of solid state lighting elements comprises a first solid state lighting elements arranged to emit a first beam of light into the light guide such that the first body creates a first region defining an first indicator in the light guide by shading the first region from the first beam of light, and wherein the optionally further plurality of solid state lighting elements comprises a second solid state lighting element having an adjustable position relative to the light guide and being arranged to emit a second beam of light into the light guide such that the first body creates a second region defining a second indicator in the light guide by shading the second region from the second beam of light.
8. The product of claim 1, wherein the plurality of solid state lighting elements comprises a first solid state lighting element that is mounted centrally in the light guide, and wherein the first body surrounds the first solid state lighting element.
9. The product of claim 8, wherein the first body comprises a plurality of apertures.
10. The product of claim 1, wherein the first body is selected from the group consisting of a reflective body, a black body, a colour filter, an outcoupling element and any combination thereof.
11. The product of claim 1, wherein the light guide further comprises a reflective body for redirecting at least one of the beams of light to the first body.
12. The product of claim 1, wherein the light guide comprises a cavity, the first body being mounted in the cavity.
13. The product of claim 1, wherein the light guide further comprises a portion of a photoluminescent material for adjusting the colour of at least one of the beams of light.
14. The product of claim 1, wherein the light guide is transparent such that a background behind the light guide is visible in an off-state of the product.
15. The product of claim 1, wherein the product is a lighting device.