1. An electrocardiogram analyzer comprising:
one set of electrocardiogram measurement electrodes;
one or more noise measurement electrode which includes an electrode placed in a vicinity of corresponding one of the electrocardiogram measurement electrodes;
a measurer which is configured to measure an electrocardiogram signal acquired by the electrocardiogram measurement electrodes, and a noise signal acquired between the electrode included in the noise measurement electrode and the corresponding one of the electrocardiogram measurement electrodes; and
an electrocardiogram extraction analyzer which is configured to extract a noise-removed electrocardiogram in which noise is removed, based on the electrocardiogram signal and the noise signal.
2. The electrocardiogram analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the set of electrocardiogram measurement electrodes are a pair of defibrillation pads adapted to apply electric shock.
3. The electrocardiogram analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the noise measurement electrode includes a pair of defibrillation pads adapted to apply electric shock.
4. The electrocardiogram analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the noise measurement electrode is disposed in an opening formed in corresponding one of the electrocardiogram measurement electrodes.
5. The electrocardiogram analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the noise measurement electrode is placed between the set of electrocardiogram measurement electrodes.
6. The electrocardiogram analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the noise signal is based on an impedance which is acquired when a carrier current is applied between the noise measurement electrode and the electrocardiogram measurement electrodes.
7. The electrocardiogram analyzer according to claim 1, wherein a period of chest compression is obtained from the noise signal, and a filtering process is performed based on a frequency of the chest compression.
8. The electrocardiogram analyzer according to claim 1, wherein an adaptive filtering process in which the noise signal is used as a reference is performed.
9. The electrocardiogram analyzer according to claim 1, wherein a filtering process is performed on the noise signal and the electrocardiogram signal by independent component analysis.
10. The electrocardiogram analyzer according to claim 1, wherein cables for the electrocardiogram measurement electrodes, and at least one cable for the noise measurement electrode are attached to one connector, and the connector is connectable to the measurer.
11. The electrocardiogram analyzer according to claim 1, wherein cables for the electrocardiogram measurement electrodes, and at least one cable for the noise measurement electrode are distributively attached to two or more connectors, and the connectors are connectable to the measurer.
12. The electrocardiogram analyzer according to claim 1, wherein one of the electrocardiogram measurement electrodes, and the noise measurement electrode are disposed on one sheet, and are connectable to the measurer.
13. The electrocardiogram analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the electrocardiogram measurement electrodes, and the noise measurement electrode are distributively disposed on at least two sheets, and are connectable to the measurer.
14. The electrocardiogram analyzer according to claim 1 which is incorporated in a defibrillator.
15. An electrode set which is to be connected to an external apparatus, the electrode set comprising:
one set of electrocardiogram measurement electrodes;
one or more noise measurement electrode which includes an electrode placed in a vicinity of corresponding one of the electrocardiogram measurement electrodes;
a measurer which is configured to measure an electrocardiogram signal acquired by the electrocardiogram measurement electrodes, and a noise signal acquired between the electrode included in the noise measurement electrode and the corresponding one of the electrocardiogram measurement electrodes;
an electrocardiogram extraction analyzer which is configured to extract a noise-removed electrocardiogram in which noise is removed, based on the electrocardiogram signal and the noise signal; and
a transmitter which is configured to transmit the noise-removed electrocardiogram to the external apparatus.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A construction laser, comprising:
a housing (2);
a tilt part (6) arranged in the housing (2);
a laser unit (3) arranged in the tilt part (6);
means (5) for deflecting a laser beam (4) generated by the laser unit (3) and likewise arranged in the tilt part (6);
actuation means for adjusting the tilt part (6) relative to the housing (2) and having at least one piezo actuator (7a); and
control electronics (8) for controlling the actuation means.
2. A construction laser according to claim 1, further comprising a flexible elastic membrane (9) for sealing the housing (2) relative to the tilt part (6).
3. A construction laser according to claim 2, wherein the flexible elastic membrane (9) is formed of a plurality of folds.
4. A construction laser according to claim 1, further comprising a tilt sensor (10) provided on the tilt part (6) and connected with the control electronics (8).
5. A construction laser according to claim 1, wherein the deflecting means (5) are supported for rotation about a rotational axis (A).
6. A construction laser according to claim 1, wherein the actuation means has at least three piezo actuators (7a, 7b, 7c) widely distributed in the housing (2); wherein the tilt part (6) has a spherical sliding surface (12) supported on the at least three piezo actuators (7a, 7b, 7c) in a direct frictional contact therewith; and wherein construction laser further comprises means for pretensioning the spherical sliding surface (12) against the at least three piezo actuators (7a, 7b, 7c).
7. A construction laser according to claim 6, wherein the actuation means has four piezo actuators (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) altogether, forming two piezo actuator pairs (7a & 7b, 7c & 7d) distributed respectively, along extending perpendicular to each other, actuation directions.
8. A construction laser according to claim 7, further comprising compression spring means (13) for supporting at least one of the piezo actuators (7d) in the housing (2) and for pretensioning the at least one of the piezo actuators (7d) against a spherical center of the spherical sliding surface (12).
9. A construction laser according to claim 8, wherein the deflecting means (5) is so arranged that an exit of the laser beam (4) is located in vicinity of the spherical center.
10. A construction laser according to claim 6, where the pretensioning means comprises at least one permanent magnet (14) and a magnetizable counterpart arranged, respectively, in the housing (2) and in the tilt part (6).
11. A construction laser according to claim 6, wherein the spherical sliding surface (12) is formed of magnetizable metal.
12. A construction laser according to claim 6, further comprising a plurality of end stops arranged on the spherical sliding surface (12) for limiting possible movements in some areas.
13. A construction laser according to claim 6, wherein each of the piezo actuators is supported by compression spring means, and the spherical sliding surface (12) is gimbal-mounted in the housing (2).
14. A construction laser according to claim 1, wherein the deflecting means (5) is supported for rotation about a rotational axis (A).
15. A construction laser according to claim 1, wherein the actuation means has at least three piezo actuators (7a, 7b, 7c) widely distributed in the housing (2); wherein the tilt part (6) has an inverse spherical sliding surface (12\u2032) supported on the at least three piezo actuators (7a, 7b, 7c) in a direct frictional contact therewith; and wherein construction laser further comprises means for pretensioning the spherical sliding surface (12\u2032) against the at least three piezo actuators (7a, 7b, 7c).
16. A construction laser according to claim 15, wherein the actuation means has four piezo actuators (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) altogether, forming two piezo actuator pairs (7a & 7b, 7c & 7d) distributed along extending perpendicular to each other, actuation directions, respectively.
17. A construction laser according to claim 16, further comprising compression spring means (13) for supporting at least one of the piezo actuators (7d) in the housing (2) and for pretensioning the at least one of the piezo actuators (7d) against a spherical center of the spherical sliding surface (12).
18. A construction laser according to claim 17, wherein the deflecting means (5) are so arranged that an exit of the laser beam (4) is located in vicinity of the spherical center.
19. A construction laser according to claim 15, where the pretensioning comprises at least one permanent magnet (14) and a magnetizable counterpart arranged, respectively, in the housing (2) and in the tilt part (6).
20. A construction laser according to claim 15, wherein the inverse spherical sliding surface (12\u2032) is formed of magnetizable metal.
21. A construction laser according to claim 15, further comprising a plurality of end stops arranged on the inverse spherical sliding surface (12\u2032) for limiting possible movements in some areas.
22. A construction laser according to claim 15, wherein each of the piezo actuators is supported by a compression spring means, and the spherical sliding surface (12) is gimbal-mounted in the housing (2).
23. A construction laser according to claim 1, wherein the tilt part (6) is gimbal-mounted in the housing (2), wherein the actuation means has at least two piezo actuators (7a, 7e), and wherein the construction laser further comprises at least two lever mechanisms (17a, 17b) angularly offset relative to each other and each having a lever ratio greater than 10:1 for tiltably connecting the tilt part (6) with the at least two piezo actuators (7a, 7c), respectively.
24. A construction laser according to claim 23, wherein the two lever mechanisms (17a, 17b) are arranged perpendicular to one another.
25. A construction laser according to claim 21, wherein the at least two piezo actuators (7a, 7b) are arranged parallel to one another, forming a pair of tilting actuators.
26. A construction laser according to claim 1, wherein the tilt part (6) is formed as a hexapod suspended directly at the housing (2) by at least six piezo actuators (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f).