1. A composition of matter of the Formula Z+A\u2212, wherein Z+ is a cation of the formula below:
wherein R7, R8, R9, and R10 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
i. \u2014CH3, \u2014C2H5, or C3 to C25 straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH2 and SH;
ii. \u2014CH3, \u2014C2H5, or C3 to C25 straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene comprising one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, and optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH2 and SH;
iii. C6 to C25 unsubstituted aryl or C6 to C25 unsubstituted heteroaryl having one to three heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S; and
iv. C6 to C25 substituted aryl or C6 to C25 substituted heteroaryl having one to three heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S; and wherein said substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl has one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
(1) \u2014CH3, \u2014C2H5, or C3 to C25 straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH2 and SH,
(2) OH,
(3) NH2, and
(4) SH; and wherein
optionally at least two of R7, R8, R9, and R10 can together form a cyclic or bicyclic alkanyl or alkenyl group;
and A\u2212 is an anion selected from the group consisting of Formulae 1, II and III:
wherein:
R11 is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) halogen;
(2) \u2014CH3, \u2014C2H5 or C3 to C15 straight-chain or branched alkane or alkene, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH2 and SH;
(3) \u2014OCH3, \u2014OC2H5 or C3 to C15 straight-chain or branched alkoxy, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH2 and SH;
(4) C1 to C15 straight-chain or branched fluoroalkyl, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH2 and SH;
(5) C1 to C15 straight-chain or branched fluoroalkoxy, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH2 and SH;
(6) C1 to C15 straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkyl; and
(7) C1 to C15 straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkoxy;
wherein:
R12 is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) \u2014CH3, \u2014C2H5 or C3 to C15 straight-chain or branched alkoxy, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH2 and SH;
(2) C1 to C15 straight-chain or branched fluoroalkoxy, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH2 and SH; and
(3) C1 to C15 straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkoxy; and
wherein:
R13 is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) halogen;
(2) \u2014CH3, \u2014C2H5 or C3 to C15 straight-chain or branched alkane or alkene, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH2 and SH;
(3) \u2014OCH3, \u2014OC2H5 or C3 to C15 straight-chain or branched alkoxy, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH2 and SH;
(4) C1 to C15 straight-chain or branched fluoroalkyl, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH2 and SH;
(5) C1 to C15 straight-chain or branched fluoroalkoxy, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH2 and SH;
(6) C1 to C15 straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkyl; and
(7) C1 to C15 straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkoxy.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the anion is 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate; 2-chloro-1 ,1 ,2-trifluoroethanesulfonate; 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropanesulfonate; 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethanesulfonate; 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(pentafluoroethoxy)ethanesulfonate; 2-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate; 2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate; 2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-iodoethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate; 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(pentafluoroethoxy)ethanesulfonate; N,N-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide; or N,N-bis(1 ,1 ,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropanesulfonyl)imide.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein Z+ is phosphonium; and A\u2212 is 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate, 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethanesulfonate, 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropanesulfonate, 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethanesulfonate, 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(pentafluoroethoxy)ethanesulfonate, 2-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate, 2-(1,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate, 2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-iodoethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(pentafluoroethoxy)ethanesulfonate, N,N-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, or N,N-bis(1 ,1 ,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropanesulfonyl)imide.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition is tetradecyl (tri-n-hexyl )phosphonium 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(perfluoroethoxy)ethanesulfonate, tetradecyl(tri-n-butyl)phosphonium 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropanesulfonate, tetradecyl(tri-n-hexyl)phosphonium 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethanesulfonate, (3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl)-trioctylphosphonium 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate, or tetrabutylphosphonium 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(perfluoroethoxy)ethanesulfonate.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A deck comprising:
a. at least two separated joists;
b. a plurality of planks each of which:
i. is disposed above and supported by the joists;
ii. has an undersurface which:
1) is juxtaposed with the joists; and
2) has at least one longitudinal slice formed therein; and
iii. is secured to the joists; and
c. a plurality of unitary channels each of which includes a central section with a pair of flanges respectively extending along opposite edges of the central section, the central section of each channel being adapted to rest upon a joist, each flange extending upward from the central section of the channel to mate with the longitudinal slice formed into the undersurface of an adjacent plank,
whereby, when flanges are respectively disposed in slices respectively formed into undersurfaces of planks and central sections of channels and planks are supported by joists, channels span between a pair of immediately adjacent planks thereby providing an impervious gutter therebetween.
2. The deck of claim 1 wherein the planks are solid and longitudinal slices are respectively cut into the undersurface of planks to receive flanges of channels.
3. The deck of claim 2 wherein the material of the channels is selected from a group that consists of galvanized sheet metal, stainless steel, aluminum and polycarbonate plastic.
4. The deck of claim 1 wherein
the flanges extending away from opposite edges of the central section of each channel diverge, and
each longitudinal slice formed into the undersurface of each plank is angled with respect to the undersurface of the plank to accommodate a diverging flange.
5. The deck of claim 2 wherein said planks are formed by a solid plastic wood-alternative material.
6. The deck of claim 1 wherein at least one channel has at least one end that is located in the interior of the deck, the deck further comprising a trough-shaped collection gutter formed from sheet material that is disposed under the end of the channel for receiving runoff water therefrom.
7. The deck of claim 6 wherein the sheet material forming the collection gutter is selected from a group that consists of galvanized sheet metal, stainless steel, aluminum and polycarbonate plastic.
8. The deck of claim 2 wherein said planks are formed by wood.