1. A fail-fixed valve for maintaining the position of a device controlled by an electro-hydraulic servo-valve (EHSV) upon loss of an input position command, the device having a first control port and a second control port for moving the device, the EHSV having a first and second control pressure line for controlling the flow of a source pressure and a drain pressure to the first control port and the second control port to position the device, the valve comprising:
a first end in fluidic communication with the first control pressure line;
a second end in fluidic communication with the second control pressure line; and
a first port in fluidic communication with, via a second port, the first control port of the device during normal operation of the electro-hydraulic servo-valve and one of the source pressure and the drain pressure for moving the device during normal operation, the fail-fixed valve adapted to move as a result of the pressure differential between the first and second ends created after the loss of the input position command to a position such that the first port is disconnected from the first control port and the device is kept within a tolerance window of a last commanded position.
2. The fail-fixed valve of claim 1 wherein the fail-fixed valve is spring-loaded towards the second end.
3. The fail-fixed valve of claim 1 further comprising a third port in fluidic communication with, via a fourth port, the second control port of the device during normal operation and wherein the second port is disconnected from the second control port after the loss of the input position command by movement of the fail-fixed valve.
4. The fail-fixed valve of claim 3 further comprising a fifth port and a sixth port, the second port and the fifth port connecting the first control port to one of source pressure and drain pressure and the sixth port and the fourth port connecting the second control port to the other of source pressure and drain pressure after the first end initially hits a stop.
5. The fail-fixed valve of claim 4 wherein the device has a head and a rod; the rod having a plurality of lands, the first control port being in fluidic communication with the head and the second control port being in fluidic communication with the rod, and wherein one or more of the plurality of lands blocks the first port from being in fluidic communication with the second port and the sixth port and one or more other of the plurality of lands blocks the third port from being in fluidic communication with the fourth port and the fifth port after the first end hits a stop.
6. The fail-fixed valve of claim 1 further comprising a third port in fluidic communication with the second port, the third port blocked by the fail-fixed valve during normal operation of the electro-hydraulic servo-valve and wherein the third port is connected to the second control pressure line by movement of the fail-fixed valve after loss of the input position command, thereby causing the first control port and the second control port to be connected to the second control pressure line.
7. The fail-fixed valve of claim 6 wherein the device has a pressure seal, the fail-fixed valve further comprising a pressure seal port that is in fluidic communication with the pressure seal, the pressure seal port being connected to the first control pressure line by initial movement of the fail-fixed valve after loss of the input position command, the pressure of the first control pressure line creating a side-load on the device, thereby braking any movement of the device during the time it takes for the third port to be connected to the second control pressure line.
8. The fail-fixed valve of claim 7 wherein the fail-fixed valve further comprises an orifice between the first port and the second port.
9. A fail-fixed valve for maintaining the position of a valve spool upon loss of an input position command, the valve spool having a first control port and a second control port for moving the valve spool, the valve spool controlled by a single stage electro-hydraulic servo-valve (EHSV) having a first and second control pressure line for controlling the flow of a source pressure and a drain pressure to the first control port and the second control port to position the valve spool, the fail-fixed valve comprising:
a first end in fluidic communication with the first control pressure line;
a second end in fluidic communication with the second control pressure line;
a first port in fluidic communication, via a second port, with the first control port of the valve spool during normal operation of the electro-hydraulic servo-valve, the fail-fixed valve adapted to move as a result of the pressure differential between the first and second ends created after the loss of the input position command to a position such that the first port is disconnected from the first control port; and
a third port in fluidic communication with the second port, the third port blocked by the fail-fixed valve during normal operation of the EHSV and wherein the third port is connected to the second control pressure line by movement of the fail-fixed valve after loss of the input position command, thereby causing the first control port and the second control port to be connected to the second control pressure line such that the valve spool is kept within a tolerance window of a last commanded position.
10. The fail-fixed valve of claim 9 wherein the valve spool has a pressure seal, the fail-fixed valve further comprising a pressure seal port that is in fluidic communication with the pressure seal, the pressure seal port being connected to pressure in the first control line by initial movement of the fail-fixed valve after loss of the input position command thereby creating a side-load on the valve spool, the side-load braking any movement of the valve spool during the time it takes for the third port to be connected to the second control pressure line.
11. The fail-fixed valve of claim 9 wherein the fail-fixed valve further comprises an orifice between the first port and the second port.
12. The fail-fixed valve of claim 9 wherein the fail-fixed valve is biased towards the second control pressure line.
13. The fail-fixed valve of claim 12 wherein the fail-fixed valve is biased towards the second control pressure line by a spring.
14. A fail-fixed valve for maintaining the position of an actuator controlled by a two stage electro-hydraulic servo-valve (EHSV)upon loss of an input position command, the actuator having a rod, a head, a control rod pressure line connected to the rod and a control head pressure line connected to the head, the control rod pressure line and the control head pressure line controlling movement of the actuator, the EHSV having a valve spool having a pressure head line and a pressure rod line for controlling the flow of a source pressure and a drain pressure to the control rod pressure line and the control head pressure line, the two stage electro-hydraulic servo-valve further having a first and second control pressure line for controlling movement of the valve spool, the fail-fixed valve comprising:
a first end in fluidic communication with the first control pressure line;
a second end in fluidic communication with the second control pressure line;
a first port connecting the control head pressure line, via a second port, to the pressure head line during normal operation of the EHSV, the fail-fixed valve adapted to move as a result of the pressure differential between the first and second ends created after the loss of the input position command to a position such that the first port is disconnected from the pressure head line; and
a third port connecting the control rod pressure line to the pressure rod line during normal operation of the EHSV, wherein the third port is disconnected from the pressure rod line as a result of the fail-fixed valve moving as a result of the pressure differential between the first and second ends created after the loss of the input position command.
15. The fail-fixed valve of claim 14 wherein the fail-fixed valve is spring-loaded towards the second end.
16. The fail-fixed valve of claim 14 further comprising a fifth port and a sixth port, the second port and the fifth port connecting the control head pressure line to one of source pressure via the first port and drain pressure via the third port and the sixth port and the fourth port connecting the control rod pressure line to the other of source pressure via the first port and drain pressure via the third port after the first end initially hits a stop.
17. The fail-fixed valve of claim 16 further comprising a first pressure line connecting the sixth port to the control rod pressure line and a second pressure line connecting the fifth port to the control head pressure line.
18. The fail-fixed valve of claim 17 wherein the a stem of the actuator has a plurality of lands and wherein one or more of the plurality of lands blocks the first port from being in fluidic communication with the second port and the sixth port and one or more other of the plurality of lands blocks the third port from being in fluidic communication with the fourth port and the fifth port after the first end hits a stop.
19. The fail-fixed valve of claim 14 wherein the fail-fixed valve further comprises a bore for receiving the stem.
20. The fail-fixed valve of claim 14 wherein the pressure head line is connected to the source pressure after the loss of input position command and the pressure rod line is connected to the drain pressure after the loss of input position command.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for preparing an environmentally pollution-free, anti-corrosive pigment composition which comprises condensed calcium phosphate and is free of any heavy metal, the method comprising:
firing a mixture which comprises a calcium-containing component and a phosphorus-containing component, wherein the molar ratio (CaP=m) of calcium to phosphorus present in the components is within a range of 0.60<m<0.80, at a temperature ranging from 180 to 350\xb0.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the condensed calcium phosphate is a compound represented by the following general formula (1):
CaxHy(PnO3n+1)\u2003\u2003(1),
wherein x represents a real number ranging from 1 to 4, y represents a real number ranging from 0 to 2, z represents a real number ranging from 1 to 2 and n is an integer ranging from 2 to 6, provided that these symbols should satisfy the following relation: 2x+y=(n+2)z.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the condensed calcium phosphate is selected from the group consisting of Ca3H2(P2O7)2, Ca4H2(P3O10)2, Ca4P6O19 and a mixture thereof.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calcium-containing component is selected from the group consisting of elemental calcium, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate and calcium dihydrogen pyrophosphate.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the phosphorus-containing component is selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid and diphosphorus pentaoxide.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixture is fired at a temperature ranging from 200 to 290\xb0 .
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein it further comprises an alkaline earth metal compound.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline earth metal compound is selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides, silicates, carbonates and mixtures of calcium, magnesium and strontium.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline earth metal compound is incorporated into the environmentally pollution-free anti-corrosive pigment composition in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 60% by mass on the basis of the total mass of the pigment composition.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein it further comprises a chelated compound selected from the group consisting of organic phosphonic acids, carboxylic acids each possessing a chelating ability and neutralized salts thereof.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the organic phosphonic acid is selected from the group consisting of nitrilo-trimethylene phosphonic acid, nitrilo-triethylene phosphonic acid, nitrilo-tripropylene phosphonic acid, nitrilo-tris-diethyl methylene phosphonic acid, ethylenediamine-tetramethylene phosphonic acid, ethylenediamine-tetra- ethylene phosphonic acid, ethylenediamine-tetra-propylene phosphonic acid, methane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonic acid, ethane-1- hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid, propane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonic acid and 2-hydroxy phosphono-acetic acid.
12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the organic carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, glycolic acid, thio-glycolic acid, salicylic acid, sulfo-salicylic acid, anthranilic acid, N-methyl-anthranilic acid, 3-amino-2- naphthoic acid, 1-amino-2-naphthoic acid, 2-amino-1-naphthoic acid, 1-amino- anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, tannic acid and gallic acid.
13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the neutralized salt is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, aluminum salts and ammonium salts of the foregoing organic phosphonic acids and organic carboxylic acids.
14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the condensed calcium phosphate is surface-treated.