1. A light reflector comprising:
a reflective surface having facets at least in sections; and
a region for arranging at least one luminous means;
wherein said light reflector is defined by cylindrical-shaped facets in a first region and spherical-shaped
facets in a second region, said first region being closer than said second region to the region for arranging at least one luminous means.
2. The light reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the boundary between the first region and the second region is approximately along the line of intersection of a plane running perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the light reflector.
3. The light reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first region occupies between 5 and 70% of the reflective surface.
4. The light reflector as claimed in claim 2, wherein the boundary between the first region and the second region is defined by:
i) a first subdivision of the reflective surface, said first subdivision being defined by an area ratio of approximately 1 to 4, the factor 1 defining the area of the spherical-shaped facets and the factor 4 defining the area of the cylindrical-shaped facets, said subdivision being configured to achieve a first contour sharpness value, and
ii) a second subdivision of the reflective surface, said second subdivision being defined by an area ratio of approximately 1 to 1 of the area of the spherical-shaped facets and the area of cylindrical-shaped facets, said subdivision being configured to achieve a second counter sharpness value.
5. The light reflector as claimed in claim 4, wherein
the radius of each of the spherical-shaped facets in the first subdivision is approximately 0.67 to 1.0 times a focal length of the light reflector, and the cylindrical-shaped facets define at least 48 subdivisions over the circular circumference to achieve the first contour sharpness value, and
the radius of each of the spherical-shaped facets in the second subdivision is approximately 3.5 to 5 mm, and the cylindrical-shaped facets defining at least 48 subdivisions over the circular circumference to achieve the second contour sharpness value for the light reflector having focal length of 5.2 mm and a basic contour scattering of the light reflector of approximately 15\xb0, thereby widening the scattering behavior of cylinders and spheres to 36 to 38\xb0.
6. The light reflector as claimed in claim 4, wherein
the radius of each of the spherical-shaped facets is approximately 3.5 to 5 mm, and the cylindrical-shaped facets defining at least 48 subdivisions over the circular circumference to achieve the first contour sharpness value for the light reflector having a focal length of 5.2 mm and a basic contour scattering of the reflector of approximately 15\xb0, thereby widening the scattering behavior of cylinders and spheres is widened to 36 to 38\xb0.
7. The light reflector as claimed in claim 3, wherein the light reflector has a maximum inside diameter of approximately 42 mm and a focal length that is greater than 5.0 mm.
8. The light reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of length to width of the cylindrical-shaped facets in the first region is more than 2 times as large as the ratio of length to width of the spherical-shaped facets in the second region.
9. The light reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the cylindrical-shaped facets and spherical-shaped facets define polyhedral sections.
10. The light reflector as claimed in claim 9, wherein at least a portion of the spherical-shaped facets in the second region define regular or semiregular polyhedral sections.
11. The light reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spherical-shaped facets and the cylindrical-shaped facets are at least partially constructed in at least one of a convex and concave fashion.
12. The light reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light reflector is constructed in at least one of a-spherical, parabola-shaped, and ellipsoidal fashion.
13. The light reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circumferential shape of the spherical-shaped facets in the second region is substantially constructed in a polygonal fashion.
14. The light reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circumferential shape of the cylindrical-shaped facets in the first region is substantially constructed in an elongated fashion.
15. The light reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spherical-shaped facets in the second region are substantially arranged in honeycomb fashion relative to one another.
16. The light reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light reflector has at least one second opening, substantially arranged in the midpoint area, for introducing a luminous means.
17. The light reflector as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cylindrical-shaped facets are grouped around the axis of symmetry of the light reflector and arranged radially.
18. A luminaire comprising:
at least one luminous means;
and at least one light reflector that comprises:
a reflective surface having facets at least in sections, and
a region for arranging at least one luminous means,
wherein said light reflector is defined by cylindrical-shaped facets in a first region and spherical-shaped
facets in a second region, said first region being closer than said second region to the region for arranging at least one luminous means.
19. The luminaire as claimed in claim 18, wherein the luminous means has a length of 2.5 to 3.5 mm and has a diameter that is less than or equal to 1.5 mm.
20. The luminaire as claimed in claim 18, wherein the luminous means has a length of approximately 2.5 mm and a diameter of approximately 1 mm.
21. The luminaire as claimed in claim 18, wherein the luminous means has a length of approximately 3.5 mm and a diameter of approximately 1.5 mm.
22. The luminaire as claimed in claim 18, wherein the position of the luminous means is axially adjustable along the optical axis of the reflector.
23. The luminaire as claimed in claim 18, wherein the reflector is configured as a substantially concave, cylindrically or rotationally symmetrical body, and the luminous means is arranged adjustably in the direction of the axis of cylindrical or rotational symmetry of the reflector.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A spinal implant for placement in a space between adjacent vertebral bodies, comprising:
a. a first surface for engaging an end plate of a first adjacent vertebral body;
b. a second surface for engaging an end plate of a second adjacent vertebral body;
c. at least one extendable fixation element having a distal tip, a contracted configuration within the implant to facilitate deployment of the implant between the first and second vertebral bodies and an extended configuration to extend the distal tip beyond the second surface to engage an end plate of the second adjacent vertebral body and to fix the implant within the space between the first and second adjacent vertebral bodies.
2. The implant of claim 1 wherein the first surface for engaging an end plate of a first adjacent vertebral body includes a base member and the second surface for engaging an end plate of a second adjacent vertebral body includes a pressure applying member.
3. The implant of claim 2 wherein at least one support member cooperates with the base and is coupled to the pressure applying member.
4. The implant of claim 3 wherein the pressure applying member has at least one passageway through which the distal tip of the fixation element extends to engage the base plate of the second vertebral body.
5. The implant of claim 3 wherein the support member is adapted to be extended.
6. The implant of claim 5 wherein the support member is adapted to be extended by fluid.
7. The implant of claim 6 wherein the fluid is hydraulic fluid.
8. The implant of claim 5 wherein the extendable fixation element is extendable with respect to the support member.
9. The implant of claim 5 wherein the extendable fixation element is extendable independent of the support member.
10. The implant of claim 1 wherein the extendable fixation element is adapted to be extended by fluid.
11. The implant of claim 10 wherein the fluid is hydraulic fluid.
12. The implant of claim 10 wherein the hydraulic fluid comprises a curable polymer having a fluid state for providing hydraulic communication of mechanical force to extend the fixation element to engage an adjacent vertebral body.
13. The implant of claim 9 wherein the polymer is cured to a solid state to lock the extended fixation element to hold the spinal implant in the space between vertebral bodies.
14. The implant of claim 13 wherein the polymer comprises methyl methacrylate.
15. The implant of claim 8 wherein the extendable fixation element is slidably disposed within a bore of an extendable member.
16. The implant of claim 15 wherein the extendable fixation element is extended by hydraulic fluid within the bore of the extendable member.
17. The implant of claim 5 including a plurality of extendable support members cooperating with the base.
18. The implant of claim 17 wherein at least two of the extendable support members are adapted to be independently extended.
19. The implant of claim 5 wherein a plurality of support members cooperate with the base and are coupled to the pressure applying member.
20. The implant of claim 19 wherein at least two of the support members have bores and have extendable fixation elements disposed within the bores.
21. A method of treating a patient’s vertebral structure, comprising:
a. providing a spinal implant having
i. a first surface for engaging an end plate of a first adjacent vertebral body;
ii. a second surface for engaging an end plate of a second adjacent vertebral body;
iii. at least one extendable fixation element having a distal tip, a contracted configuration within the implant to facilitate deployment of the implant between the first and second vertebral bodies and an extended configuration to extend the distal tip beyond the second surface to engage an end plate of the second adjacent vertebral body and to fix the implant within the space between the first and second adjacent vertebral bodies.
b. inserting the spinal implant into a space between two vertebral bodies with the at least one extendable fixation element in the contracted configuration; and
c. extending the fixation element into the extended configuration until the distal tip engages an end of an adjacent vertebral body so as to fix the implant within the space between two vertebral bodies.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein the second surface of the implant has a passageway and the fixation element extends through the passageway upon extension to the extended configuration.
23. The method of claim 21 wherein the implant has at least one extendable support member connected between the first and second pressure applying surfaces to expand the implant within the space between two adjacent vertebral bodies.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein the at least one extendable support member has a bore which receives a fixation element which is extended upon extension of the support member.