1. A filter material for cleaning air and gases, the filter material comprising:
a fiber layer comprised exclusively of pulp fibers that, across partial areas, are connected to each other by a pressing action with compression of the pulp fibers in the compressed areas;
wherein the fiber layer and optional further layers arranged on flat sides of the fiber layer form a fiber web, wherein the fiber web is crimped and is laid with formation of passages extending in a longitudinal direction of a gas or air stream to be cleaned.
2. The filter material according to claim 1, wherein the pulp fibers in the compressed areas are pressed with heat application.
3. The filter material according to claim 1, wherein no adhesives and no binding agents are contained.
4. The filter material according to claim 1, comprising a first further layer arranged on a first flat side of the fiber layer.
5. The filter material according to claim 4, comprising a second further layer on a second flat side, wherein the first and second further layers are of the same material or of materials that differ from each other.
6. The filter material according to claim 5, wherein the first and second further layers are selected independent from each other from tissue, textile, nonwoven, or film material.
7. The filter material according to claim 1, having a weight per surface area between 15 gm2 and 600 gm2.
8. The filter material according to claim 7, having a weight per surface area between 20 gm2 and 200 gm2.
9. The filter material according to claim 1, containing one or several additives selected from the group consisting of adsorption agents, flavor additives and auxiliary substances.
10. The filter material according to claim 9, wherein the adsorption agents are selected from the group consisting of active carbon, zeolites, silicates, and SiO2.
11. A filter for cleaning gases andor air, the filter comprising a filter material according to claim 1.
12. A cigarette filter comprising a first filter material according to claim 1.
13. The cigarette filter according to claim 12, comprising an envelope layer that envelopes the first filter material.
14. The cigarette filter according to claim 12, comprising a second filter material attached to the first filter material at an end of the cigarette filter where smoke enters the cigarette filter.
15. The cigarette filter according to claim 14, wherein the second filter material is selected from active carbon, cellulose acetate, or paper.
16. The cigarette filter according to claim 12, comprising a further material, providing a visual termination of the cigarette filter, arranged at and end of the first filter material where smoke exits the cigarette filter.
17. The cigarette filter according to claim 12, wherein after composting for a duration of at most 12 weeks maximally 10% of an original dry weight of the cigarette filter is contained in a >2 mm screening fraction.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system permitting a search for information through hierarchically linked documents accessible via the Internet in which an individual document contains a reference link to a succeeding document, comprising:
an input processor for receiving a user entered search information item identifying an object associated with at least one of said hierarchically linked documents;
an Internet processor for searching and identifying a plurality of grandchild documents hierarchically and linearly linked to a corresponding plurality of child documents, said child documents being hierarchically and linearly linked to a parent document identified by said object and excluding non-hierarchically and non-linearly associated documents in response to user initiation of a hierarchical search; and
an output processor for processing data identifying said plurality of child documents for communication to a reproduction device.
2. A system according to claim 1, wherein
said object comprises at least one of a) an Internet URL, and b) an Internet address representative code.
3. A system according to claim 1, wherein
said Internet processor searches to find an object comprising at least one of, a) an entity name, b) a program identifier, c) a telephonefax number, d) a program broadcast channel, e) an application file, f) a text string and g) similar subject matter text determined from a text or search subject mapping database.
4. A system according to claim 1, wherein
said parent document, child document and grandchild document are multimedia documents associated with applications comprising at least two of, a) Internet web page browsing, b) Email, c) Internet telephony, d) telephony, e) fax, f) broadcast video, g) videophone, h) broadcast radio, i) broadcast audio, j) home control, and i) a word processing or spreadsheet application.
5. A system according to claim 1, including
a display menu generator producing a display menu enabling a user to select an information item to be searched, said selected information item comprising at least one of, a) an Internet URL, b) a telephonefax number, c) a video broadcast channel, d) an application file, and e) an Email address.
6. A system according to claim 1, wherein
said Internet processor identifies a plurality of child documents by employing a first user entered search information item and a second user entered search information item and a user selected search function comprising at least one of, a) a MUST FIND function and b) a MUST NOT ED function, for use with a search information item.
7. A method for searching for information through hierarchically linked documents accessible via the Internet in which an individual document contains a reference link to a succeeding document, comprising the activities of:
initiating generation of data representing a menu item permitting user entry of a search information item identifying an object associated with at least one of said hierarchically linked documents;
using reference links in individual documents to identify search results comprising a sequence of documents including a grandchild document hierarchically and linearly linked to a child document, said child document being hierarchically and linearly linked to a parent document identified by said object in response to user initiation of a hierarchical search;
excluding non-hierarchically and non-linearly associated documents from said search results; and
processing data representing said search results to be suitable for communication to a reproduction device.
8. A system according to claim 7, wherein
said step of identifying search results includes the step of employing a first user entered search information item and a second user entered search information item and a user selected search function comprising at least one of, a) a MUST FIND function and b) a MUST NOT FIND function, for use with a search information item.
9. A system permitting a search through a sequence of hierarchically linked documents accessible via the Internet in which an individual document contains a reference link to a succeeding document, comprising:
an interface processor for receiving user entered search information items; and
an Internet processor for, in response to user initiation of a hierarchical search,
identifying a sequence of documents including a grandchild document hierarchically linked to a child document, said child document being hierarchically linked to a parent document, using reference links in individual documents to identify succeeding documents in said sequence,
searching through said sequence of hierarchically linked documents to identify result documents containing a user entered first search information item,
excluding non-hierarchically associated documents, from said identified result documents,
excluding documents omitting a second user entered search information item, from said identified result documents and
providing data items identifying said result documents.
10. A system according to claim 9, wherein
said Internet processor excludes documents containing a third user entered search information item, from said identified result documents.
11. A system according to claim 9, wherein
said Internet processor searches through said sequence of hierarchically linked documents to identify result documents containing a user entered Boolean search term including at least one of, (a) an AND operator and (b) an OR operator.
12. A system according to claim 10, wherein
said Internet processor searches through said sequence of hierarchically linked documents to identify result documents containing a user entered Boolean search term including at least one of, (a) an AND operator and (b) an OR operator.
13. A system according to claim 9, wherein
said Internet processor searches through said sequence of hierarchically linked documents to identify result documents restricted to HTML or SGML type documents, in response to a user entered search command.
14. A system according to claim 13, wherein
said Internet processor searches through said sequence of hierarchically linked documents to identify result documents restricted to documents from a particular country, in response to a user entered search command.
15. A system according to claim 14, wherein
said Internet processor searches through said sequence of hierarchically linked documents to identify result documents restricted to documents representing video, in response to a user entered search command.
16. A system according to claim 14, wherein
said Internet processor searches through said sequence of hierarchically linked documents to identify result documents restricted to documents from at least one of, a) an area associated with an area code, b) an area associated with a zip code and (c) a geographic area, in response to a user entered search command.
17. A system according to claim 10, wherein
said Internet processor searches through said sequence of hierarchically linked documents to identify result documents restricted to documents from a particular country, in response to a user entered search command.
18. A system according to claim 17, wherein
said Internet processor searches through said sequence of hierarchically linked documents to identify result documents containing a user entered Boolean search term including at least one of, (a) an AND operator and (b) an OR operator.
19. A system according to claim 18, wherein
a search information item comprises at least one of a) an Internet URL, and b) an Internet address representative code.
20. A system according to claim 9, wherein
said Internet processor searches through said sequence of hierarchically linked documents to identify result documents restricted to documents from a particular directory including one or more of a) a telephone number directory, b) a fax number directory, c) an Email directory, d) a videophoneInternet-phone directory, e) an Internet URL directory, and f) a directory of currently available on-line Tnternet users.