1. A test system comprising:
a platform having a movable endless belt; and
a restraint configured to restrain a test article in a selected vertical position relative to the moveable belt, the restraint comprising at least a pair of axially rigid supports wherein at least one rigid support is provided on each side of the movable belt and has an end configured to be secured to the test article, and wherein each support extends from a stationary portion, relative to the belt, of the platform over at least a portion of the movable belt.
2. The test system of claim 1 and further comprising a load cell operably coupled to each support, the load cell configured to measure a vertical force associated with each support.
3. The test system of claim 1 and further comprising an actuator coupled to each support so as to apply a selected force upon the test article.
4. The test system of claim 3 wherein the actuators and supports are configured to lift the test article off the movable belt.
5. The test system of claim 3 wherein each actuator is configured to exert a vertical force on the test article directed toward the movable belt.
6. The test system of claim 1 and further comprising a positioner coupled to at least one support, the positioner configured to adjust a longitudinal position of the support relative to the platform.
7. The test system of claim 1 and further comprising a positioner coupled to at least one support, the positioner configured to adjust a lateral position of the support relative to the platform.
8. The test system of claim 1 wherein the platform is part of a wind tunnel and each of the supports are streamlined.
9. The test system claim 1 wherein the support includes means for adjusting airflow characteristics around the support.
10. The test system of claim 1 wherein each support comprises a stiffening assembly comprising an upright member on the support and elongated members extending from the upright member to each end of the support.
11. The test system of claim 10 wherein each support includes a compartment for storing the upright member and the elongated members.
12. The test system of claim 1 wherein each support comprises a plurality of struts.
13. A test system comprising:
a platform having a movable endless belt; and
a restraint configured to restrain a test article in a selected position relative to the moveable belt, the restraint comprising at least a pair of axially rigid supports wherein at least one rigid support is provided on each side of the movable belt and has an end configured to be secured to the test article, and wherein each support extends from a stationary portion, relative to the belt, of the platform over at least a portion of the movable belt, the restraint further comprising an actuator coupled to each support, wherein each actuator is configured to exert a vertical force on the test article directed toward the movable belt.
14. The test system of claim 13 and further comprising a load cell operably coupled to each support, the load cell configured to measure a vertical force associated with each support.
15. The test system of claim 13 wherein the actuators and supports are configured to lift the test article off the movable belt.
16. The test system of claim 13 and further comprising a strut having a first end coupled to the test article proximate at least one support and a second end configured to engage the belt as it moves so as to transfer force between belt and the test article.
17. The test system of claim 13 wherein the test article comprises a vehicle.
18. The test system of claim 17 and further comprising a plurality of struts, each strut proximate each support and having a first end coupled to the vehicle and a second end configured to engage the belt as it moves so as to transfer force between belt and the vehicle.
19. A method for testing a vehicle in a wind tunnel having an movable endless belt, the method comprising:
coupling the vehicle to rigid supports that restrain the vehicle in a selected vertical position relative to the movable belt, the rigid supports extending from a stationary portion in the wind tunnel over a portion of the movable belt; and
restraining the vehicle during application of blowing air upon the vehicle and moving the movable belt.
20. The method of claim 19 and further comprising applying a selected vertical force through each of the supports to the vehicle during application of blowing air upon the vehicle and moving the movable belt.
21. The method of claim 19 and further comprising lifting the vehicle off the movable belt using the supports.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A tape substrate comprising:
an insulating film;
a copper foil pattern formed on the insulating film at one side of the insulating film, and provided with a connecting area where an electronic element is to be mounted;
a barrier layer, made of a compound, which contains gold and silver as major components thereof and an additive of Se or Pb, plated on the copper foil pattern at the connecting area, and formed with a plurality of pores; and
a tin layer plated on the barrier layer, and alloyed with a portion of the copper foil pattern corresponding to the connecting area, through the pores.
2. The tape substrate according to claim 1, wherein the barrier layer has a thickness of 0.01 to 1 \u03bcm.
3. The tape substrate according to claim 1, wherein the tin layer has a thickness of 0.01 to 1 \u03bcm.