1. Optical lighting device comprising at least one light emitting diode (4) configured for emitting said light with a trajectory, characterised in that it further comprises a first optical element (1) comprising:
a first face (7) with a plurality of lenses;
a second face (8) with a plurality of lenses, where each lens of the second face (9\u2032) is aligned with a lens of the first face (9);
said first optical element (1) being configured for modifying the trajectory of the light emitted by the at least one light emitting diode (4).
2. Device according to claim 1, where the lenses (9, 9\u2032) have a substantially rectangular section base.
3. Device according to claim 1, further comprising a second optical element (2) configured for directing the light emitted by the at least one light emitting diode (4) to the first optical element (1).
4. Device according to claim 3, further comprising a support element (3) for the second optical element comprising holes for ventilation by convection.
5. Device according to claim 1, further comprising a heat distributing (6) element.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for producing a mutant of a fatty acid desaturase, comprising:
a) providing a nucleic acid sequence encoding a fatty acid desaturase having an 18 carbon atom chain length substrate specificity;
b) inducing mutations in the nucleic acid sequence of step a);
c) transforming the mutated nucleic acid sequence of step b) into an appropriate host cell under conditions appropriate for expression; and
d) selecting for transformed cells of step c) which express a mutant fatty acid desaturase having a substantial increase in activity towards fatty acid substrates with chains containing fewer than 18 carbons, relative to the fatty acid desaturase encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of step a).
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the host cell of step c) is an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the fatty acid auxotroph is MH13 E. coli.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the mutant fatty acid desaturase is characterized by the ability to complement the fatty acid auxotrophy of the MH13 E. coli.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein the MH13 E. coli fatty acid auxotroph expresses exogenous ferredoxin.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the exogenous ferredoxin is Arabaena vegetative ferredoxin.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the MH13 E. coli expressing Arabaena vegetative ferredoxin is MH13(pACYCLacAnFd).
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the fatty acid desaturase is a plant fatty acid desaturase.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the plant fatty acid desaturase is an integral membrane protein.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the integral membrane protein is an acyl lipid desaturase.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the plant fatty acid desaturase is a soluble protein.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the soluble plant fatty acid desaturase is an acyl-ACP desaturase.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the acyl-ACP desaturase is castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the mutant fatty acid desaturase catalyzes desaturation of 16-carbon atom fatty acids.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the mutant fatty acid desaturase catalyzes desaturation of 14-carbon atom fatty acids.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the mutant fatty acid desaturase catalyzes desaturation of 12-carbon atom fatty acids.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the mutant fatty acid desaturase catalyzes desaturation of 10-carbon atom fatty acids.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the mutations of step b) are induced by random mutagenesis.
19. The method of claim 12 wherein the random mutations are induced in an acyl-ACP desaturase nucleic acid sequence.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein the mutations of step b) are induced by site directed mutagenesis at one or more codons.
21. The method of claim 12 wherein site specific mutations are induced in the acyl-ACP desaturase nucleic acid sequences by site directed mutagenesis at one or more codons.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein one or more codons specific for amino acid contact residues are mutated.
23. The method of claim 21 wherein one or more codons specific for amino acids which are not contact residues are mutated.
24. The method of claim 1 wherein transformation is by electroporation.
25. The method of claim 1 wherein selection is performed in liquid media.
26. The method of claim 1 wherein selection is performed on solid media.
27. The method of claim 3 wherein the mutated nucleic acid sequence is inserted into the expression vector pLac3 prior to transformation into the MH13 E. coli.
28. A mutant 18:0-ACP desaturase which has a sufficiently elevated 16 carbon atom chain length substrate specificity, such that when introduced into an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph cell said mutant desaturase permits growth of said unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph cell in an absence of supplemental unsaturated fatty acid.
29. The mutant 18:0-ACP desaturase of claim 28 wherein the mutant 18:0-ACP desaturase is a mutant plant 18:0 desaturase.
30. The mutant plant 18:0-ACP desaturase of claim 29 wherein the mutant plant 18:0-ACP desaturase is a mutant castor 9-18:0 desaturase.
31. The mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase of claim 30 having an amino acid substitution of Ile for Met at residue 114 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
32. The mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase of claim 30 having an amino acid substitution of Ile for Thr at residue 117 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
33. The mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase of claim 30 having an amino acid substitution selected from the group Phe, Tyr, or Met for Leu at residue 118 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
34. The mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase of claim 30 having an amino acid substitution of Ile for Pro at residue 179 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
35. The mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase of claim 30 having an amino acid substitution of Ile for Thr at residue 181 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
36. The mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase of claim 30 having an amino acid substitution of Leu for Gly at residue 188 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
37. The mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase of claim 30 having an amino acid substitution of Ile for Met at residue 114 of SEQ ID NO: 1 and an amino acid substitution of Leu for Gly at residue 188 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
38. A mutant 18:0-ACP desaturase which has a sufficiently elevated 14 carbon atom chain length substrate specificity, such that when introduced into an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph cell said mutant desaturase permits growth of said unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph cell in an absence of supplemental unsaturated fatty acid.
39. The mutant 18:0-ACP desaturase of claim 38 wherein the mutant 18:0-ACP desaturase is a mutant plant 18:0-ACP desaturase.
40. The mutant plant 18:0 desaturase of claim 39 wherein the mutant plant 18:0-ACP desaturase is a mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase.
41. The mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase of claim 40 having an amino acid substitution of Phe or Tyr for Met at residue 114.
42. The mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase of claim 40 produced by an amino acid substitution of Leu for Pro at residue 179.
43. A DNA expression construct comprising, in expressible form, a nucleic acid sequence encoding a mutant 18:0 desaturase which has a 16 carbon atom chain length substrate specificity.
44. A DNA expression construct comprising, in expressible form, a nucleic acid sequence encoding a mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase which has a 16 carbon chain length substrate specificity.
45. A DNA expression construct comprising, in expressible form, a nucleic acid sequence encoding a mutant 18:0 desaturase which has a 14 carbon atom chain length substrate specficity.
46. A DNA expression construct comprising, in expressible form, a nucleic acid sequence encoding a mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase which has a 14-carbon atom chain length substrate specificity.
47. A cell transformed with a DNA expression construct comprising, in expressible form, a nucleic acid sequence encoding a mutant 18:0 desaturase which has a 16 carbon atom chain length substrate specificity.
48. The cell of claim 47 which is a prokaryotic cell.
49. The cell of claim 47 which is a eukaryotic cell.
50. The cell of claim 49 which is a plant cell.
51. A cell transformed with a DNA expression construct comprising, in expressible form, a nucleic acid sequence encoding a mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase which has a 16-carbon atom chain length substrate specificity.
52. The cell of claim 51 which is a prokaryotic cell.
53. The cell of claim 51 which is a eukaryotic cell.
54. The cell of claim 53 which is a plant cell.
55. A cell transformed with a DNA expression construct comprising, in expressible form, a nucleic acid sequence encoding a mutant 18:0 desaturase which has a 14 carbon atom chain length substrate specificity.
56. The cell of claim 55 which is a prokaryotic cell.
57. The cell of claim 55 which is a eukaryotic cell.
58. The cell of claim 57 which is a plant cell.
59. A cell transformed with a DNA expression construct comprising, in expressible form, a nucleic acid sequence encoding a mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase which has a 14 carbon atom chain length substrate specificity.
60. The cell of claim 59 which is a prokaryotic cell.
61. The cell of claim 59 which is a eukaryotic cell.
62. The cell of claim 61 which is a plant cell.
63. A transgenic plant expressing a nucleic acid sequence encoding a mutant 18:0 desaturase which has a 16 carbon atom chain length substrate specificity.
64. The transgenic plant of claim 63 which is Arabidopsis thaliana.
65. A transgenic plant expressing a nucleic acid sequence encoding a mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase which has a 16 carbon atom chain length substrate specificity.
66. The transgenic plant of claim 65 which is Arabidopsis thaliana.
67. A transgenic plant expressing a nucleic acid sequence encoding a mutant 18:0 desaturase which has a 14 carbon atom chain length substrate specificity.
68. The transgenic plant of claim 67 which is Arabidopsis thaliana.
69. A transgenic plant expressing a nucleic acid sequence encoding a mutant castor 9-18:0-ACP desaturase which has a 14 carbon atom chain length substrate specificity.
70. The transgenic plant of claim 69 which is Arabidopsis thaliana.