1. A system for converting oxygenates to light olefins, said system comprising:
a reactor for contacting an oxygenate-containing feedstream with catalyst and converting the oxygenate-containing feedstream to an oxygenate conversion product stream comprising fuel gas hydrocarbons, light olefins, and C4+ hydrocarbons;
a first compressor to compress at least a portion of the oxygenate conversion product stream to form a compressed oxygenate conversion product stream;
a gas concentration system to treat the compressed oxygenate conversion product stream to recover light olefins and to form a C4+ hydrocarbon stream;
a reactor for contacting at least a portion of the C4+ hydrocarbon stream with catalyst and converting C4 and C5 olefins therein contained to a cracked olefin effluent stream comprising light olefins; and
a first return line wherein at least a portion of the cracked olefin effluent stream is introduced into the first compressor and subsequently processed through the gas concentration system.
2. The system of claim 1 additionally comprising:
a cracked olefin effluent separation system effective to separate the cracked olefin effluent into a first stream comprising C1 and C2 hydrocarbons and a second stream comprising a remainder of the cracked olefin effluent; and
a second return line wherein at least a portion of the second stream is introduced into the gas concentration system without prior passage through the first compressor;
wherein the portion of the cracked olefin effluent stream introduced into the first compressor and subsequently processed through the gas concentration system comprises at least a portion of the first stream.
3. The system of claim 2 additionally comprising an acid gas neutralization reactor disposed between the cracked olefin effluent separation system and the first compressor, the acid gas neutralization reactor effective to neutralize acid gas present in the first stream prior to passage to the first compressor.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the olefin cracking reactor is a fixed bed reactor.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the olefin cracking reactor is a moving bed reactor.
6. The system of claim 5 additionally comprising a continuous catalyst regenerator wherein the olefin cracking catalyst is continuously regenerated.
7. The system of claim 1 additionally comprising a fractionator to fractionate the C4+ hydrocarbon stream to form a process stream comprising C4+ through C6\u2212 hydrocarbons and wherein the at least a portion of the C4+ hydrocarbon stream contacted with the catalyst in the reactor comprises at least a portion of the process stream comprising C4+ through C6\u2212 hydrocarbons.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
I claim:
1. A nozzle arrangement for an ink jet printhead that is the product of an integrated circuit fabrication technique, the nozzle arrangement comprising
a substrate; and
an actuating mechanism that is arranged on the substrate, the actuating mechanism comprising
an anchor member that is fast with the substrate;
an effort member that is displaceable with respect to the anchor member;
a resiliently flexible connector that is fixed between the anchor member and the effort member, the connector, the anchor member and the effort member defining a linear spring so that a force applied to the effort member in a first direction relative to the anchor member results in constrained displacement of the effort member in a second direction relative to the substrate, the second direction having at least two vector components, one of which is in said first direction and another is in a third direction at right angles to said first direction with the displacement of the effort member incorporating substantially no rotational movement; and
an effort mechanism that is arranged on the substrate and is operable on the effort member to apply said force to the effort member in said first direction.
2. A nozzle arrangement as claimed in claim 1, which includes a load member that is mounted to the effort member so that, as the effort member is displaced in said second direction the load member can perform a task which requires motion in said third direction.
3. A nozzle arrangement as claimed in claim 1, in which the substrate is in the form of a wafer substrate, the actuating mechanism being the product of an integrated circuit fabrication technique carried out on the wafer substrate.
4. A nozzle arrangement as claimed in claim 3, in which a drive circuitry layer is positioned on the wafer substrate and a passivation layer is positioned on the drive circuitry layer.
5. A nozzle arrangement as claimed in claim 4, which includes a nozzle chamber, a nozzle chamber inlet and an ink ejection port in fluid communication with the nozzle chamber, defined in the wafer substrate, the nozzle chamber inlet being in fluid communication with an ink supply.
6. A nozzle arrangement as claimed in claim 4, in which the effort mechanism is in the form of at least one electromagnet fast with the substrate and electrically connected to the drive circuitry layer, and the effort member is magnetic so that, when the, or each, electromagnet is activated, said effort member is attracted by the, or each, electromagnet.
7. A nozzle arrangement as claimed in claim 6, in which the effort member is elongate, with the effort mechanism being in the form of a number of electromagnets positioned proximate the effort member, the connector being in the form of a pair of spaced, substantially parallel, flexure arms of substantially the same length connected between the effort member and the anchor member, the flexure arms being biased into a position in which an acute included angle is defined between each flexure arm and the effort member, the electromagnets being positioned so that, when the electromagnets are activated, a force in said first direction is applied to the effort member.
8. A nozzle arrangement as claimed in claim 7, in which at least one closure member is attached to the effort member to extend from the effort member, to be displaceable between a closed and an open position in said third direction when the effort member is displaced towards and away from the electromagnets in said first direction, the, or each, closure member being dimensioned to cover the inlet when in the closed position and ink being permitted to flow through the inlet when the closure member is displaced into its open position.
9. A nozzle arrangement as claimed in claim 8, in which the closure member is in the form of at least two shutter members that extend from the effort member, the inlet being defined by at least two inlet openings that correspond with the respective shutter members.
10. A nozzle arrangement as claimed in claim 8, in which the spring is of a generally planar construction to be displaceable in a plane substantially parallel to that of the wafer substrate, when the electromagnets are activated.
11. An ink jet printhead that is the product of an integrated circuit fabrication technique, the ink jet printhead comprising
a substrate; and
a plurality of nozzle arrangements arranged on the substrate, each nozzle arrangement having an actuating mechanism that is arranged on the substrate, each actuating mechanism comprising
an anchor member that is fast with the substrate;
an effort member that is displaceable with respect to the anchor member;
a resiliently flexible connector that is fixed between the anchor member and the effort member, the connector, the anchor member and the effort member defining a linear spring so that a force applied to the effort member in a first direction relative to the anchor member results in constrained displacement of the effort member in a second direction relative to the substrate, the second direction having at least two vector components, one of which is in said first direction and another is in a third direction at right angles to said first direction with the displacement of the effort member incorporating substantially no rotational movement; and
an effort mechanism that is arranged on the substrate and is operable on the effort member to apply said force to the effort member in said first direction.