1. A method of making an electrical cable, said method comprising:
providing a litz cable having a plurality of electrical conductors;
electrically coupling at a first end of said litz cable a subset of said electrical conductors to produce a first coupled subset leaving an uncoupled remainder of said electrical conductors; and
electrically coupling at a second end of said litz cable said uncoupled remainder of said electrical conductors to produce a second coupled subset.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said first end and said second end are at opposite ends of said litz cable.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein:
members of said first coupled subset have different respective lengths; and
members of said second coupled subset have lengths in one-to-one correspondence with said different respective lengths of said members of said first coupled subset.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising producing a first insulating gap at a first gap location along the length of said first coupled subset.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising producing a second insulating gap at a second gap location along the length of said second coupled subset.
6. A method of making an electrical cable, said method comprising:
providing a litz cable having a plurality of electrical conductors;
electrically coupling at a first end of said litz cable a subset of said electrical conductors to produce a first coupled subset leaving an uncoupled remainder of said electrical conductors;
electrically coupling at a second end of said litz cable said uncoupled remainder of said electrical conductors to produce a second coupled subset, said first end and said second end being at opposite ends of said litz cable; and
producing a first insulating gap at a first gap location along the length of said first coupled subset.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein:
members of said first coupled subset have different respective lengths; and
members of said second coupled subset have lengths in one-to-one correspondence with said different respective lengths of said members of said first coupled subset.
8. The method of claim 6 further comprising producing a second insulating gap at a second gap location along the length of said second coupled subset.
9. An electrical cable comprising:
a litz cable having a plurality of electrical conductors;
a first coupled subset of said electrical conductors, said first coupled subset being electrically coupled at a first end of said litz cable; and
a second coupled subset of said electrical conductors, said second coupled subset being electrically coupled at a second end of said litz cable.
10. The electrical cable of claim 9 wherein said first end and said second end are at opposite ends of said litz cable.
11. The electrical cable of claim 9 wherein:
members of said first coupled subset have different respective lengths; and
members of said second coupled subset have lengths in one-to-one correspondence with said different respective lengths of said members of said first coupled subset.
12. The electrical cable of claim 9 wherein said first coupled subset has a first insulating gap at a first gap location along the length of said first coupled subset.
13. The electrical cable of claim 9 wherein said second coupled subset has a second insulating gap at a second gap location along the length of said second coupled subset.
14. An electrical cable comprising:
a litz cable having a plurality of electrical conductors;
a first coupled subset of said electrical conductors, said first coupled subset being electrically coupled at a first end of said litz cable; and
a second coupled subset of said electrical conductors, said second coupled subset being electrically coupled at a second end of said litz cable,
said first end and said second end being at opposite ends of said litz cable,
said first coupled subset having a first insulating gap at a first gap location along the length of said first coupled subset.
15. The electrical cable of claim 14 wherein:
members of said first coupled subset have different respective lengths; and
members of said second coupled subset have lengths in one-to-one correspondence with said different respective lengths of said members of said first coupled subset.
16. The electrical cable of claim 14 wherein said second coupled subset has a second insulating gap at a second gap location along the length of said second coupled subset.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A method for accelerating a chemical reaction involving one or more reactant(s) and a carrier fluid, said method comprising:
(a) providing a composite material to said reactant(s) and carrier fluid, said composite material comprising a solid material susceptible to dielectric heating,
(b) applying an electromagnetic field to said composite material, said electromagnetic field being sufficient to result in dielectric heating of said solid material, and
(c) allowing said composite material to transfer heat to said reactant(s);
(d) whereby product is formed from said reactant(s), thereby accelerating said chemical reaction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said chemical reaction comprises a biospecific binding reaction.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more said reactant(s) is a protein molecule.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein one of said one or more reactant(s) is an antibody or a fragment of an antibody that retains the biospecific binding specificity of the antibody.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the said chemical reaction is between an antibody and its antigen.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more said reactant(s) is a nucleic acid molecule.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said reaction comprises annealing two nucleic acid molecules to one another.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the chemical reaction comprises a nucleic acid amplification reaction.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the amplification reaction is a polymerase chain reaction.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of measuring the extent or rate of said chemical reaction.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
(e) contacting said composite with one or more reactant(s) capable of participating in a biospecific interaction with a reactant (a), or a product produced as a consequence of a chemical reaction involving a reactant (a),
(f) allowing said additional reactant(s) to react in said biospecific interaction, and
(g) measuring the extent or rate of said biospecific interaction.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising the acceleration of one or more additional reactions, said method comprising the additional steps of:
(e) contacting said composite with one or more additional reactant(s), wherein said reactant(s) are capable of participating in one or more further chemical reactions involving a reactant (a), or a product produced as a consequence of a chemical reaction involving a reactant (a),
(f) applying an electromagnetic field to said composite, said electromagnetic field being sufficient to result in dielectric heating of said solid material, said additional reactant(s) being heated by heat transfer from said heated solid material, and
(g) allowing said heated additional reactant(s) to react with either a reactant (a), or a product produced as a consequence of a chemical reaction involving a reactant (a), thereby accelerating said one or more additional chemical reactions.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of measuring the extent or rate of said chemical reaction.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein said one or more additional reaction(s) comprises the annealing of two nucleic acid molecules.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein said one or more additional reaction(s) comprises a nucleic acid amplification reaction.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said amplification reaction is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the wavelength of the applied field is between 1 cm and 100 m.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein the wavelength of the applied field is between 1 cm and 100 m.
19. A composite comprising a solid material responsive to dielectric heating having a surface molecule capable of biospecific interaction with a reactant molecule.
20. The composite of claim 19, wherein said surface molecule is bound or immobilized to said surface via a noncovalent adsorption reaction.
21. The composite of claim 19, wherein said surface is capable of a covalent conjugation reaction with said reactant molecule.
22. The composite of claim 19, wherein said surface is selected from the group consisting of a microarray chip, a macroarray chip, a test tube, a Petri dish, and a microtiter plate.
23. An instrument that emits electromagnetic radiation sufficient to accelerate a chemical reaction, wherein said chemical reaction involves
(a) providing a composite material to said reactant(s) and carrier fluid, said composite material comprising a solid material susceptible to dielectric heating,
(b) applying an electromagnetic field to said composite material, said electromagnetic field being sufficient to result in dielectric heating of said solid material, and
(c) allowing said composite material to transfer heat to said reactant(s);
(d) whereby product is formed from said reactant(s), thereby accelerating said chemical reaction.
24. The instrument of claim 23, wherein said chemical reaction comprises the annealing of two nucleic acid molecules.