1. An organic light-emitting diode, comprising:
a substrate;
a cathode disposed on the substrate;
an electron injection layer directly disposed on the cathode, wherein the electron injection layer comprises a low work function metal layer, and a metal composite layer having a carrier injection characteristic, wherein the metal composite layer having carrier injection characteristics has a thickness of 1-50 \u212b;
a light-emitting layer disposed on the electron injection layer;
an n-doped electron transport layer disposed between the electron injection layer and the light-emitting layer, wherein the n-doped electron transport layer is made by doping an electron transport material with a dopant, and wherein the dopant is alkali metal nitride, alkali metal acetate, alkali metal carbonate, or alkali metal nitrate, and the dopant has a weight percentage of 1-50 wt %, based on the weight of the n-doped electron transport layer; and
an anode disposed on the light-emitting layer.
2. The organic light-emitting diode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low work function metal layer has a work function of less than or equal to 4.0 eV.
3. The organic light-emitting diode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low work function metal layer comprises Li, Na. K, Cu, Mg, Ca, or alloys thereof.
4. The organic light-emitting diode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal composite layer having carrier injection characteristics is a metal oxide having carrier injection characteristic, metal halide having carrier injection characteristics, or combinations thereof.
5. The organic light-emitting diode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal composite layer having carrier injection characteristics comprises molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, rhenium oxide, copper iodide, copper fluoride, iron oxide, iron chloride, vanadium oxide, or combinations thereof.
6. The organic light-emitting diode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dopant is lithium nitride, lithium acetate, lithium carbonate, or lithium nitrate.
7. The organic light-emitting diode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dopant is cesium nitride, cesium acetate, cesium carbonate, or cesium nitrate.
8. The organic light-emitting diode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic light-emitting diode is a bottom-emission organic light-emitting diode, and the cathode is a transparent or semi-transparent electrode.
9. The organic light-emitting diode as claimed in claim 8, wherein the low work function metal layer has a thickness of 1-50 \u212b.
10. The organic light-emitting diode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic light-emitting diode is top-emission organic light-emitting diode, and the anode is a transparent or semi-transparent electrode.
11. The organic light-emitting diode as claimed in claim 10, wherein the low work function metal layer has a thickness of 1-500 \u212b.
12. The organic light-emitting diode as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
an electron transport layer disposed between the electron injection layer and the light-emitting layer; and
a hole transport layer disposed between the light-emitting layer and the anode.
13. A display device, comprising:
a plurality of pixels, wherein each pixel comprises:
the organic light-emitting diode as claimed in claim 1; and
a transistor coupled to the organic light-emitting diode.
14. The display device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the transistor is an n-type transistor, and a drain electrode of the transistor is electrically connected to the cathode of the organic light-emitting diode.
15. An organic light-emitting diode, comprising:
a substrate;
a cathode disposed on the substrate;
an electron injection layer directly disposed on the cathode, wherein the electron injection layer comprises a low work function metal layer, and a metal composite layer having a carrier injection characteristic;
a light-emitting layer disposed on the electron injection layer;
an n-doped electron transport layer disposed between the electron injection layer and the light-emitting layer, wherein the n-doped electron transport layer is made by doping an electron transport material with a dopant, and wherein the dopant is alkali metal nitride, alkali metal acetate, alkali metal carbonate, or alkali metal nitrate, and the dopant has a weight percentage of 1-50wt %, based on the weight of the n-doped electron transport layer; and
an anode disposed on the light-emitting layer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method, comprising:
receiving a web application definition including a page template definition;
automatically generating instructions to be executed on a client based on the web application definition, including generating instructions for providing an infrastructure for offline operations; and
automatically generating instructions to be executed on a server based on the web application definition.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the web application definition comprises a template definition.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the web application definition comprises a graphical user interface definition.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the web application definition comprises entity and relationship definitions.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said generating instructions for providing the infrastructure for offline operations comprises generating instructions for creating a data cache structure.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein said generating instructions for creating the data cache structure comprises generating instructions for creating a local data cache on the client.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said generating instructions for creating the data cache structure comprises generating instructions for automatically fetching data from the server and updating the local data cache if the client is in an online state.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said generating instructions for creating the data cache structure comprises generating instructions for fetching data from the local cache if the client is in an offline state.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein said generating instructions for creating the local data cache comprises creating a template data cache.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said generating instructions for creating the local data cache comprises creating an entity and relationship data cache.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein said generating instructions for providing the infrastructure for offline operations comprises generating instructions for updating a template using data from the template data cache in response to an update to an entity or relationship data set if the client is in the offline state and if the template is capable of being updated incrementally.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein said generating instructions for providing the infrastructure for offline operations comprises generating instructions for updating a template in response to an update of an entity or relationship data set by re-computing the template using data from the entity and relationship data cache if the client is in the offline state and if the template is not capable of being updated incrementally and if the template is capable of being recalculated using data from the entity and relationship data cache and if the recalculation would not voilate a specified security criterion.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein said generating instructions for providing the infrastructure for offline operations comprises generating instructions for notifying a user that a template is outdated in response to an update of an entity or relationship data set if the client is in the offline state and if the template is not capable of being updated incrementally and if the template is not capable of being recomputed using data from the entity and relationship data cache.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein said generating instructions for providing the infrastructure for offline operations comprises generating instructions for automatically updating the template and the local template data cache and the local entity and relationship data cache in response to the client entering the online state.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein said automatically generating instructions to be executed on the server comprises automatically generating instructions for automatically resolving conflicts arising from offline updates from multiple users to data stored at the server.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein said automatically generating instructions to be executed on the client and said automatically generating instructions to be executed on the server further comprise automatically partitioning the instructions between the client and the server based, at least in part, on performance andor securtiy criteria.
17. An article, comprising: a storage medium having stored thereon instructions that, if executed, result in:
receiving a web application definition including a page template definition;
automatically generating instructions to be executed on a client based on the web application definition, including generating instructions for providing an infrastructure for offline operations; and
automatically generating instructions to be executed on a server based on the web application definition.
18. The article of claim 17, wherein the web application definition comprises a template definition and further comprises entity and relationship definitions.
19. The article of claim 17, wherein said generating instructions for providing the infrastructure for offline operations comprises generating instructions for creating a data cache structure including a local data cache on the client.
20. The article of claim 19, wherein said generating instructions for creating the data cache structure comprises generating instructions for automatically fetching data from the server and updating the local data cache if the client is in an online state.
21. The article of claim 20, wherein said generating instructions for creating the data cache structure comprises generating instructions for fetching data from the local cache if the client is in an offline state.
22. The article of claim 21, wherein said generating instructions for providing the infrastructure for offline operations comprises generating instructions for updating a template using data from the template data cache in response to an update to an entity or relationship data set if the client is in the offline state and if the template is capable of being updated incrementally.
23. The article of claim 17, wherein said automatically generating instructions to be executed on the server comprises automatically generating instructions for automatically resolving conflicts arising from offline updates from multiple users to data stored at the server.
24. The article of claim 17, wherein said automatically generating instructions to be executed on the client and said automatically generating instructions to be executed on the server further comprise automatically partitioning the instructions between the client and the server based, at least in part, on performance andor securtiy criteria.
25. An apparatus, comprising:
means for receiving a web application definition including a page template definition;
means for automatically generating instructions to be executed on a client based on the web application definition, including means for generating instructions for providing an infrastructure for offline operations; and
means for automatically generating instructions to be executed on a server based on the web application definition.
26. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the web application definition comprises a template definition and further comprises entity and relationship definitions.
27. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said means for generating instructions for providing the infrastructure for offline operations comprises means for generating instructions for creating a data cache structure including a local data cache on the client.
28. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said means for generating instructions for creating the data cache structure comprises means for generating instructions for automatically fetching data from the server and updating the local data cache if the client is in an online state.
29. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein said means for generating instructions for creating the data cache structure comprises means for generating instructions for fetching data from the local cache if the client is in an offline state.
30. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein said means for automatically generating instructions to be executed on the server comprises means for automatically generating instructions for automatically resolving conflicts arising from offline updates from multiple users to data stored at the server.
31. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein said means for automatically generating instructions to be executed on the client and said means for automatically generating instructions to be executed on the server further comprise means for automatically partitioning the instructions between the client and the server based, at least in part, on performance andor securtiy criteria.