1. An apparatus, comprising:
a light source for producing spectral excitation light having wavelength variation along a first dimension across a spectral range;
a scanning device for scanning the spectral excitation light across a sample substantially parallel to the first dimension where the spectral excitation light interacts with the sample to emit a secondary light; and
an imaging device for capturing the secondary light as a spectral emission light having wavelength variation along a second dimension.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sample comprises a width and the spectral excitation light comprises a repetition of the spectral range along the first dimension such that a single scan of the spectral excitation light across the sample exhibits the spectral range to each point across the width.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sample comprises a two-dimensional array.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises a lamp and a wavelength dispersion device.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the imaging device comprises an imaging spectrograph equipped with a two-dimensional detector.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the scanning device comprises a scanning mirror for reflecting the spectral excitation light and moving the reflected spectral excitation light across the sample substantially parallel to the first dimension.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the scanning device comprises a movable platform supporting the sample for moving the sample substantially parallel to the first dimension.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a movable platform supporting the sample for moving the sample in a second dimension distinct from the first dimension following each scan of the spectral excitation light across the sample to repetitiously scan and capture the secondary light to produce an excitation-emission matrix.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a data processor for identifying sample emission due to energy transfer between at least two emitting species from data of the excitation-emission matrix.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data processor identifies a signature in the data of the excitation-emission matrix of a donor species and an acceptor species having the properties of the donor species along an excitation wavelength axis and the properties of the acceptor species along an emission wavelength axis.
11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data processor corrects error in quantification of amount of the at least two emitting species due to the energy transfer between the at least two emitting species from the data of the excitation-emission matrix.
12. A method, comprising:
producing spectral excitation light having wavelength variation along a first dimension across a spectral range;
scanning the spectral excitation light across a sample substantially parallel to the first dimension where the spectral excitation light interacts with the sample to emit a secondary light; and
capturing the secondary light as a spectral emission light having wavelength variation along a second dimension.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the sample comprises a width and producing the spectral excitation light comprises repeating the spectral range along the first dimension such that scanning the spectral excitation light across the sample exhibits the spectral range to each point across the width.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the sample comprises a two-dimensional array.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein producing the spectral excitation light comprises producing and wavelength dispersing a broadband light.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein capturing the secondary light comprises wavelength dispersing the secondary light along the second dimension.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein scanning comprises reflecting the spectral excitation light and moving the reflected spectral excitation light across the sample substantially parallel to the first dimension.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein scanning comprises moving the sample substantially parallel to the first dimension.
19. The method of claim 12, further comprising repeating the scanning of the spectral excitation light across the sample and supporting and moving the sample in a second dimension distinct from the first dimension following each scan of the spectral excitation light across the sample and repeating the capturing of the secondary light to produce an excitation-emission matrix.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising identifying sample emission due to energy transfer between at least two emitting species from data of the excitation-emission matrix.
21. The method of claim 20, further comprising identifying a signature in the data of the excitation-emission matrix of a donor species and an acceptor species having the properties of the donor species along an excitation wavelength axis and the properties of the acceptor species along an emission wavelength axis.
22. The method of claim 20, further comprising correcting error in quantification of amount of the at least two emitting species due to the energy transfer between the at least two emitting species from the data of the excitation-emission matrix.
23. An apparatus, comprising:
means for producing spectral excitation light having wavelength variation along a first dimension across a spectral range;
means for scanning the spectral excitation light across a sample substantially parallel to the first dimension where the spectral excitation light interacts with the sample to emit a secondary light; and
means for capturing the secondary light as a spectral emission light having wavelength variation along a second dimension.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of replacing a stud bonded to a composite bypass duct of a gas turbine engine, the stud comprising a stem attached to a base, the method comprising the steps of:
removing substantially all of the stem of the stud from the base;
reducing the base in thickness to a desired thickness; and then
bonding a replacement stud over a remaining portion of the base.
2. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the base comprises a non-metal plate bonded to the stud, wherein the stud is metal, and wherein the base plate is bonded to the bypass duct.
3. The method as defined in claim 2, wherein the step of removing includes separating the metal stud from the base plate.
4. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the base is bonded to an outer portion of the bypass duct, and hence the base has a height projecting above a nominal bypass duct surface.
5. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the step of reducing the base in thickness includes at least one of machining the base and grinding the base.
6. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein removing substantially all of the stem includes pulling the stem to break it off from the base.
7. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the step of bonding the replacement stud comprises positioning the replacement stud using a positioning jig temporarily attached to the bypass duct, the jig having a stud-holding portion positioned above the remaining portion of the base.
8. The method as defined in claim 7, wherein the step of bonding the replacement stud includes providing an adhesive between a base of the replacement stud and the remaining portion of the base of the removed stud.
9. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the replacement stud has a central axis that is coaxial with a geometric center of the base of the removed stud.
10. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the remaining portion of the base of the stud has about 0.015 to 0.020 inch in thickness above a peripheral outer surface of the bypass duct in the region of the base.
11. A method of replacing a stud bonded to an outer surface of a bypass duct of a turbofan gas turbine engine, the surface being made of a composite material, the stud having a base and had a stem that has been previously removed by separating the stem from the base, the method comprising the steps of:
reducing the base in thickness; and then
bonding a replacement stud over a remaining portion of the base.
12. The method as defined in claim 11, wherein the step of reducing the base in thickness includes machining the base.
13. The method as defined in claim 11, wherein the step of reducing the base in thickness includes grinding an upper surface of the base.
14. The method as defined in claim 11, wherein the step of bonding the replacement stud comprises initially positioning the replacement stud using a positioning jig.
15. The method as defined in claim 14, wherein the step of bonding the replacement stud includes providing an adhesive between a base of the replacement stud and the remaining portion of the base of the replaced stud.
16. The method as defined in claim 11, wherein the replacement stud has a central axis that is coaxial with a geometric center of the base of the replaced stud.
17. The method as defined in claim 11, wherein the remaining portion of the base has about 0.015 to 0.020 inch in thickness.