We claim:
1. A crystalline isotactic propylene polymer comprising from 0.05 to 15 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer, wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, the propylene having a Mz value of from 400,000 to 2,000,000 and a MWD value of less than 3.0.
2. The polymer of claim 1, wherein the Mn value of the polymer is from 90,000 to 120,000.
3. The polymer of claim 1, wherein the hexane extractables level of the polymer is less than 2 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
4. The polymer of claim 1, wherein the hexane extractables level of the polymer is less than 3 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
5. The polymer of claim 1, wherein the comonomer wt % is in the range of from 0.1 to 10.0.
6. The polymer of claim 1, wherein the comonomer wt % is in the range of from 0.5 to 5.0.
7. The polymer of claim 1, wherein the Mz value is from 500,000 to 1,500,000 molecular weight units.
8. The polymer of claim 1, wherein the Mz value is from 600,000 to 800,000 molecular weight units.
9. A crystalline propylene polymer comprising from 0.05 to 15 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer, wherein the polymer is generated from at least two polymerization steps conducted in the presence of a catalyst system comprising at least two different metallocene catalysts, and wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, the propylene having a Mz value of from 400,000 to 2,000,000.
10. The polymer of claim 9, wherein the metallocene catalyst system comprises two metallocenes each independently represented by the formula:
6
wherein M is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten;
R1 and R2 are identical or different, are one of a hydrogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C2-C4 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, or a halogen atom; R3 and R4 are hydrogen atoms;
R5 and R6 are identical or different, and are one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group which may be halogenated, a C6-C10 aryl group which may be halogenated, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C7-C40-arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a NR215, SR15, OR15, OSiR315 or PR215 radical, wherein R15 is one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, or a C6-C10 aryl group;
R7 is
7
B(R11), Al(R11), Ge, Sn, O, S, SO, SO2, N(R11), CO, P(R11), or P(O)(R11);
wherein R11, R12 and R13 are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 fluoroalkyl group, a C6-C30 aryl group, a C6-C30 fluoroaryl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, or R11 and R12, or R11 and R13, together with the atoms binding them, can form ring systems;
M2 is silicon, germanium or tin;
R8 and R9 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11;
m and n are identical or different and are zero, 1 or 2, m plus n being zero, 1 or 2; and
the radicals R10 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11, R12 and R13 and two adjacent R10 radicals can be joined together to form a ring system.
11. The polymer of claim 9, wherein the metallocene is selected from the group consisting of:
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2,4-dimethylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2,5,6-trimethylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis indenyl zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,5-benzoindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,5-benzoindenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,6-diisopropylindenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-ethyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-ethyl-4-naphthyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
phenyl(methyl)silandiylbis(2-methyl -4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-(2-naphthyl)-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl, and
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl, and mixtures thereof.
12. The polymer of claim 9, wherein the hexane extractables level of the polymer is less than 3 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
13. The polymer of claim 9, wherein the comonomer wt % is in the range of from 0.1 to 10.0.
14. The polymer of claim 9, wherein the Mz value is from 500,000 to 1,500,000 molecular weight units.
15. The polymer of claim 9, wherein the Mz value is from 600,000 to 800,000 molecular weight units.
16. The polymer of claim 10, wherein one metallocene catalyst is a 4-phenyl-1-indenyl substituted metallocene catalyst.
17. A crystalline propylene polymer comprising from 0.05 to 15 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer, wherein the polymer is generated from at least two polymerization steps conducted in the presence of a catalyst system comprising at least two different metallocene catalysts, and wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, the polymer having a Mz value of from 500,000 to 1,500,000 molecular weight units.
18. The polymer of claim 17, wherein the metallocene catalyst system comprises two metallocenes each independently represented by the formula:
8
wherein M is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten;
R1 and R2 are identical or different, are one of a hydrogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C2-C4 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, or a halogen atom; R3 and R4 are hydrogen atoms;
R5 and R6 are identical or different, and are one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group which may be halogenated, a C6-C10 aryl group which may be halogenated, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C7-C40-arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a NR215, SR15, OR15, OSiR315 or PR215 radical, wherein R15 is one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, or a C6-C10 aryl group;
R7 is
9
B(R11), Al(R11), Ge, Sn, O, S, SO, SO2, N(R11), CO, P(R11), or P(O)(R11);
wherein R11, R12 and R13 are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 fluoroalkyl group, a C6-C30 aryl group, a C6-C30 fluoroaryl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, or R11 and R12, or R11 and R13, together with the atoms binding them, can form ring systems;
M2 is silicon, germanium or tin;
R8 and R9 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11;
m and n are identical or different and are zero, 1 or 2, m plus n being zero, 1 or 2; and
the radicals R10 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11, R12 and R13 and two adjacent R10 radicals can be joined together to form a ring system.
19. The polymer of claim 17, wherein the metallocene is selected from the group consisting of:
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2,4-dimethylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2,5,6-trimethylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis indenyl zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,5-benzoindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,5-benzoindenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,6-diisopropylindenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-ethyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-ethyl-4-naphthyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
phenyl(methyl)silandiylbis(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-(2-naphthyl)-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl, and
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl, and mixtures thereof.
20. The polymer of claim 17, wherein the hexane extractables is less than 3 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
21. The polymer of claim 17, wherein the comonomer wt % is in the range of from 0.1 to 10.0.
22. The polymer of claim 17, wherein the comonomer wt % is in the range from 0.5 to 5.
23. The polymer of claim 18, wherein one metallocene catalyst is a 4-phenyl-1-indenyl substituted metallocene catalyst.
24. The polymer of claim 17, wherein the comonomer is present from 0.5 to 5 wt % relative to the total weight of the polymer.
25. A crystalline isotactic propylene polymer comprising:
a) from 10 to 90 wt % crystalline propylene homopolymer; and
b) from 90 to 10 wt % of a crystalline propylene copolymer, the copolymer comprising units derived from propylene and units derived from at least one other comonomer, wherein the wt % of the comonomer based on the total weight of the polymer is in the range of from 0.05 to 15, and wherein the hexane extractables level of the polymer is less than 3 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
26. The polymer of claim 25, wherein the hexane extractables level of the polymer is less than 2 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
27. The polymer of claim 25, wherein the hexane extractables level of the polymer is less than 1 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
28. The polymer of claim 25, wherein the comonomer wt % is in the range of from 0.1 to 10.0.
29. The polymer of claim 25, wherein the comonomer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.
30. The polymer of claim 25, wherein the wt % of the crystalline propylene homopolymer is in the range of from 20 to 80.
31. The polymer of claim 25, wherein the molecular weight distribution is in the range of from 2.5 to 7.0.
32. The polymer of claim 25, wherein the homopolymer is isotactic.
33. The polymer of claim 25, wherein the polymer is prepared using a metallocene catalyst system.
34. The polymer of claim 25, wherein the metallocene catalyst system comprises two metallocenes each independently represented by the formula:
10
wherein M is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten;
R1 and R2 are identical or different, are one of a hydrogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C2-C4 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, or a halogen atom; R3 and R4 are hydrogen atoms;
R5 and R6 are identical or different, and are one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group which may be halogenated, a C6-C10 aryl group which may be halogenated, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C7-C40-arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a NR215, SR15, OR15, OSiR315 or PR215 radical, wherein R15 is one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, or a C6-C10 aryl group;
R7 is
11
B(R11), Al(R11), Ge, Sn, O, S, SO, SO2, N(R11), CO, P(R11), or P(O)(R11);
wherein R11, R12 and R13 are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 fluoroalkyl group, a C6-C30 aryl group, a C6-C30 fluoroaryl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, or R11 and R12, or R11 and R13, together with the atoms binding them, can form ring systems;
M2 is silicon, germanium or tin;
R8 and R9 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11;
m and n are identical or different and are zero, 1 or 2, m plus n being zero, 1 or 2; and
the radicals R10 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11, R12 and R13 and two adjacent R10 radicals can be joined together to form a ring system.
35. The polymer of claim 34, wherein the metallocene system also includes an activator.
36. The polymer of claim 25, wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, the Mz value being from 500,000 to 1,500,000 molecular weight units.
37. The polymer of claim 25, wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, the Mz value being from 600,000 to 800,000 molecular weight units.
38. The polymer of claim 34, wherein at least one metallocene is a 4-phenyl-1-indenyl substituted metallocene.
39. A crystalline isotactic propylene polymer comprising:
a) from 10 to 90 wt % isotactic crystalline propylene homopolymer having a molecular weight distribution of less than 3.0; and
b) from 90 to 10 wt % crystalline propylene copolymer having a molecular weight distribution of less than 3.0, wherein the wt % of the comonomer based on the total weight of the polymer is in the range of from 0.05 to 15, wherein the polymer has a MWD less than 3.0, and wherein the hexane extractables level of the polymer is less than 3 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
40. The polymer of claim 39, wherein the hexane extractables level of the polymer is less than 2 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
41. The polymer of claim 39, wherein the hexane extractable level of the polymer is less than 1 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
42. The polymer of claim 39, wherein the comonomer wt % is in the range of from 0.1 to 10.0.
43. The polymer of claim 39, wherein the comonomer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.
44. The polymer of claim 39, wherein the wt % of the crystalline propylene homopolymer is in the range of from 20 to 80.
45. The polymer of claim 39, wherein the molecular weight distribution is in the range of from 2.5 to 2.9.
46. The polymer of claim 39, wherein the homopolymer is isotactic.
47. The polymer of claim 39, wherein the polymer is prepared using a metallocene catalyst system.
48. The polymer of claim 39, wherein the metallocene catalyst system comprises two metallocenes each independently represented by the formula:
12
wherein M is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten;
R1 and R2 are identical or different, are one of a hydrogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C2-C4 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, or a halogen atom; R3 and R4 are hydrogen atoms;
R5 and R6 are identical or different, and are one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group which may be halogenated, a C6-C10 aryl group which may be halogenated, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C7-C40-arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a NR215, SR15, OR15, OSiR315 or PR215 radical, wherein R15 is one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, or a C6-C10 aryl group;
R7 is
13
B(R11), Al(R11), Ge, Sn, O, S, SO, SO2, N(R11), CO, P(R11), or P(O)(R11);
wherein R11, R12 and R13 are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 fluoroalkyl group, a C6-C30 aryl group, a C6-C30 fluoroaryl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, or R11 and R12, or R11 and R13, together with the atoms binding them, can form ring systems;
M2 is silicon, germanium or tin;
R8 and R9 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11;
m and n are identical or different and are zero, 1 or 2, m plus n being zero, 1 or 2; and
the radicals R10 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11, R12 and R13 and two adjacent R10 radicals can be joined together to form a ring system.
49. The polymer of claim 48, wherein the metallocene system also includes an activator.
50. The polymer of claim 39, wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, the Mz value being from 500,000 to 1,500,000 molecular weight units.
51. The polymer of claim 39, wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, the Mz value being from 600,000 to 800,000 molecular weight units.
52. The polymer of claim 48, wherein at least one metallocene is a 4-phenyl-1-indenyl substituted metallocene.
53. A process for preparing a crystalline polypropylene composition comprising the steps of:
(a) polymerizing propylene in one stage;
(b) copolymerizing propylene and a comonomer in a separate stage; and
(c) recovering crystalline propylene polymer comprising from 0.5 to 8 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer, wherein the polymerization steps (a) and (b) are conducted in the presence of a metallocene catalyst system comprising two different metallocene catalyst components, and wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, the polymer having a Mz value of from 500,000 to 1,500,000 molecular weight units.
54. The process of claim 53, wherein a comonomer is copolymerized with the propylene in step (a).
55. The process of claim 53, wherein the comonomer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.
56. The process of claim 53, wherein the crystalline propylene polymer comprises from 0.5 to 5 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer.
57. The process of claim 53, wherein the metallocene catalyst system is comprised of two metallocenes each independently represented by the formula:
14
wherein M is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten;
R1 and R2 are identical or different, are one of a hydrogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C2-C4 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, or a halogen atom;
R3 and R4 are hydrogen atoms;
R5 and R6 are identical or different, and are one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group which may be halogenated, a C6-C10 aryl group which may be halogenated, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C7-C40-arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a NR215, SR15, OR15, OSiR315 or PR215 radical, wherein R15 is one of a halogen atom, a C 1-C 10 alkyl group, or a C6-C10 aryl group;
R7 is
15
B(R11), Al(R11), Ge, Sn, O, S, SO, SO2, N(R11), CO, P(R11), or P(O)(R11);
wherein, R11, R12 and R13 are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 fluoroalkyl group, a C6-C30 aryl group, a C6-C30 fluoroaryl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, or R11 and R12, or R11 and R13, together with the atoms binding them, can form ring systems;
M2 is silicon, germanium or tin;
R8 and R9 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11;
m and n are identical or different and are zero, 1 or 2, m plus n being zero, 1 or 2; and
the radicals R10 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11, R12 and R13 and two adjacent R10 radicals can be joined together to form a ring system.
58. The process of claim 57, wherein at least one metallocene is a 4-phenyl-1-indenyl substituted metallocene.
59. The process of claim 57, wherein the metallocene catalyst system further comprises a porous support material and alkylalumoxane activator.
60. The process of claim 53, wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, the Mz value being from 600,000 to 800,000 molecular weight units.
61. The process of claim 53, wherein the metallocene is selected from the group consisting of:
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2,4-dimethylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2,5,6-trimethylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis indenyl zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,5-benzoindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,5-benzoindenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,6-diisopropylindenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-ethyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-ethyl-4-naphthyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
phenyl(methyl)silandiylbis(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-(2-naphthyl)-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl, and
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl, and mixtures thereof.
62. The process of claim 53, wherein the hexane extractables level of the polymer is less than 2 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
63. The process of claim 53, wherein the hexane extractable level of the polymer is less than 1 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
64. A process for preparing a crystalline polypropylene comprising the steps of:
(a) polymerizing propylene in a first stage; then
(b) copolymerizing propylene and a comonomer in a second stage in the presence of the product of the first stage; and
(c) recovering crystalline propylene polymer comprising from 0.05 to 15 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer and wherein the hexane extractables is less than 3 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii), and wherein the polymerization steps (a) and (b) are conducted in the presence of a metallocene catalyst system comprising two different metallocene catalyst components.
65. The process of claim 64, wherein the hexane extractables level of the polymer is less than 2 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
66. The process of claim 64, wherein the hexane extractable level of the polymer is less than 1 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
67. The process of claim 64, wherein the comonomer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.
68. The process of claims 64, wherein the crystalline propylene polymer comprises from 0.5 to 8 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer.
69. The process of claim 64, wherein the crystalline propylene polymer comprises from 0.5 to 5 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer.
70. The process of claim 64, wherein the metallocene catalyst system is comprised of two metallocenes each independently represented by the formula:
16
wherein M is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten;
R1 and R2 are identical or different, are one of a hydrogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C2-C4 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, or a halogen atom;
R3 and R4 are hydrogen atoms;
R5 and R6 are identical or different, and are one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group which may be halogenated, a C6-C10 aryl group which may be halogenated, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C7-C40-arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a NR215, SR15, OR15, OSiR315 or PR215 radical, wherein R15 is one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, or a C6-C10 aryl group;
R7is
17
B(R11), Al(R11), Ge, Sn, O, S, SO, SO2, N(R11), CO, P(R11), or P(O)(R11);
wherein, R11, R12 and R13 are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 fluoroalkyl group, a C6-C30 aryl group, a C6-C30 fluoroaryl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, or R11 and R12, or R11 and R13, together with the atoms binding them, can form ring systems;
M2 is silicon, germanium or tin;
R8 and R9 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11;
m and n are identical or different and are zero, 1 or 2, m plus n being zero, 1 or 2; and
the radicals R10 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11, R12 and R13 and two adjacent R10 radicals can be joined together to form a ring system.
71. The process of claim 70, wherein the metallocene catalyst system further comprises a porous support material and alkylalumoxane activator.
72. The process of claim 70, wherein at least one metallocene is a 4-phenyl-1-indenyl substituted metallocene.
73. A process for preparing a crystalline polypropylene comprising the steps of:
(a) polymerizing propylene in a first stage; then
(b) copolymerizing propylene and a comonomer in a second stage in the presence of the product of the first stage; and
(c) recovering crystalline propylene polymer comprising from 0.05 to 15 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer, wherein the hexane extractables is less than 3 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii), and wherein the polymerization steps (a) and (b) are conducted in the presence of a metallocene catalyst system comprising two different metallocene catalyst components, and wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, having a Mz value of from 500,000 to 1,500,000 molecular weight units.
74. The process of claim 73, wherein the hexane extractables level of the polymer is less than 2 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
75. The process of claim 73, wherein the hexane extractable level of the polymer is less than 1 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
76. The process of claim 73, wherein the comonomer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.
77. The process of claims 73, wherein the crystalline propylene polymer comprises from 0.5 to 8 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer.
78. The process of claim 73, wherein the crystalline propylene polymer comprises from 0.5 to 5 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer.
79. The process of claim 73, wherein the metallocene catalyst system is comprised of two metallocenes each independently represented by the formula:
18
wherein M is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten;
R1 and R2 are identical or different, are one of a hydrogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C2-C4 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, or a halogen atom;
R3 and R4 are hydrogen atoms;
R5 and R6 are identical or different, and are one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group which may be halogenated, a C6-C10 aryl group which may be halogenated, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C7-C40-arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a NR215, SR15, OR15, OSiR315 or PR215 radical, wherein R15 is one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, or a C6-C10 aryl group;
R7is
19
B(R11), Al(R11), Ge, Sn, O, S, SO, SO2, N(R11), CO, P(R11), or P(O)(R11);
wherein, R11, R12 and R13 are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 fluoroalkyl group, a C6-C30 aryl group, a C6-C30 fluoroaryl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, or R11 and R12, or R11 and R13, together with the atoms binding them, can form ring systems;
M2 is silicon, germanium or tin;
R8 and R9 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11;
m and n are identical or different and are zero, 1 or 2, m plus n being zero, 1 or 2; and
the radicals R10 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11, R12 and R13 and two adjacent R10 radicals can be joined together to form a ring system.
80. The process of claim 79, wherein the metallocene catalyst system further comprises a porous support material and alkylalumoxane activator.
81. The process of claim 79, wherein at least one metallocene is a 4-phenyl-1-indenyl substituted metallocene.
82. The process of claim 73, wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, the Mz value being from 600,000 to 800,000 molecular weight units.
83. A process for preparing crystalline isotactic propylene polymer comprising the steps of:
(a) copolymerizing propylene and a comonomer in one stage; and
(b) recovering crystalline propylene polymer comprising from 0.5 to 8 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer; wherein the polymerization steps (a) and (b) are conducted in the presence of a metallocene catalyst system comprising two different metallocene catalyst components, and wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, the polymer having a Mz value of from 400,000 to 2,000,000 molecular weight units.
84. The process of claim 83, wherein a comonomer is copolymerized with the propylene in step (a).
85. The process of claim 83, wherein the comonomer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.
86. The process of claim 83, wherein the crystalline propylene polymer comprises from 0.5 to 5 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer.
87. The process of claim 83, wherein the metallocene catalyst system is comprised of two metallocenes each independently represented by the formula:
20
wherein M is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten;
R1 and R2 are identical or different, are one of a hydrogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C2-C4 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, or a halogen atom;
R3 and R4 are hydrogen atoms;
R5 and R6 are identical or different, and are one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group which may be halogenated, a C6-C10 aryl group which may be halogenated, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C7-C40-arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a NR215, SR15, OR15, OSiR315 or PR215 radical, wherein R15 is one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, or a C6-C10 aryl group;
R7 is
21
B(R11), Al(R11), Ge, Sn, O, S, SO, SO2, N(R11), CO, P(R11), or P(O)(R11);
wherein, R11, R12 and R13 are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 fluoroalkyl group, a C6-C30 aryl group, a C6-C30 fluoroaryl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, or R11 and R12, or R11and R13, together with the atoms binding them, can form ring systems;
M2 is silicon, germanium or tin;
R8 and R9 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11;
m and n are identical or different and are zero, 1 or 2, m plus n being zero, 1 or 2; and
the radicals R10 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11, R12 and R13 and two adjacent R10 radicals can be joined together to form a ring system.
88. The process of claim 87, wherein at least one metallocene is a 4-phenyl-1-indenyl substituted metallocene.
89. The process of claim 83, wherein the metallocene catalyst system further comprises a porous support material and alkylalumoxane activator.
90. The process of claim 83, wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, the Mz value being from 600,000 to 800,000 molecular weight units.
91. The process of claim 87, wherein the metallocene is selected from the group consisting of:
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2,4-dimethylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2,5,6-trimethylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis indenyl zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,5-benzoindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,5-benzoindenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,6-diisopropylindenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-ethyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-ethyl-4-naphthyl-1indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
phenyl(methyl)silandiylbis(2-methyl -4-phenyl-1indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-(2-naphthyl)-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl, and
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl, and mixtures thereof.
92. The process of claim 83, wherein the hexane extractables of the polymer is less than 2 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
93. The process of claim 83, wherein the hexane extractable level of the polymer is less than 1 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
94. A process for preparing crystalline isotactic propylene polymer comprising the steps of:
(a) polymerizing propylene and a comonomer in one stage;
(b) copolymerizing propylene and a comonomer in a separate stage; and
(c) recovering crystalline propylene polymer comprising from 0.5 to 8 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer; wherein the polymerization steps (a) and (b) are conducted in the presence of a metallocene catalyst system comprising two different metallocene catalyst components, and wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, the polymer having a Mz value of from 400,000 to 2,000,000 molecular weight units.
95. The process of claim 94, wherein a comonomer is copolymerized with the propylene in step (a).
96. The process of claim 94, wherein the comonomer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.
97. The process of claim 94, wherein the crystalline propylene polymer comprises from 0.5 to 5 wt % comonomer units based on the total weight of the polymer.
98. The process of claim 94, wherein the metallocene catalyst system is comprised of two metallocenes each independently represented by the formula:
22
wherein M is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten;
R1 and R2 are identical or different, are one of a hydrogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 aryloxy group, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C2-C4 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, or a halogen atom;
R3 and R4 are hydrogen atoms;
R5 and R6 are identical or different, and are one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group which may be halogenated, a C6-C10 aryl group which may be halogenated, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C7-C40-arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a NR215, SR15, OR15, OSiR315 or PR215 radical, wherein R15 is one of a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, or a C6-C10 aryl group;
R7 is
23
B(R11), Al(R11), Ge, Sn, O, S, SO, SO2, N(R11), CO, p(R11), or P(O)R11);
wherein, R11, R12 and R13 are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 fluoroalkyl group, a C6-C30 aryl group, a C6-C30 fluoroaryl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C8-C40 arylalkenyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, or R11 and R12, or R11 and R13, together with the atoms binding them, can form ring systems;
M2 is silicon, germanium or tin;
R8 and R9 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11;
m and n are identical or different and are zero, 1 or 2, m plus n being zero, 1 or 2; and
the radicals R10 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R11, R12 and R13 and two adjacent R10 radicals can be joined together to form a ring system.
99. The process of claim 98, wherein at least one metallocene is a 4-phenyl-1-indenyl substituted metallocene.
100. The process of claim 94, wherein the metallocene catalyst system further comprises a porous support material and alkylalumoxane activator.
101. The process of claim 94, wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polymer is characterized as being bimodal, the Mz value being from 600,000 to 800,000 molecular weight units.
102. The process of claim 98, wherein the metallocene is selected from the group consisting of:
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2,4-dimethylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2,5,6-trimethylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis indenyl zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,5-benzoindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,5-benzoindenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4,6-diisopropylindenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-ethyl-4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-ethyl4-naphthyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
phenyl(methyl)silandiylbis(2-methyl -4-phenyl-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl,
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-4-(2-naphthyl)-1-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl, and
dimethylsilandiylbis(2-methyl-indenyl) zirconium dimethyl, and mixtures thereof.
103. The process of claim 94, wherein the hexane extractables of the polymer is less than 2 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
104. The process of claim 94, wherein the hexane extractable level of the polymer is less than 1 wt % as measured by 21 CFR 177.1520(d)(3)(ii).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for operating a server on a data network, the method comprising:
computing a multicast cost indicator and a unicast cost indicator that are associated with multicast and unicast transmission of data;
determining that the multicast cost indicator is less than the unicast cost indicator;
generating a transmission schedule that describes when the data will be multicasted on the data network;
transmitting the transmission schedule; and
multicasting the data according to the transmission schedule.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of transmitting the transmission schedule comprises a step of transmitting the transmission schedule via a control channel.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a request to establish a unicast session.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of generating the transmission schedule comprises generating the transmission schedule to describe that the data will be multicasted on the data network in a plurality of multicast cycles.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of generating the transmission schedule comprises:
repeating the steps of computing and determining for a plurality of multicast cycles until the unicast cost indicator is less than the multicast cost indicator;
generating the transmission schedule to describe that the data will be multicasted on the data network in the plurality of multicast cycles.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of multicasting further comprises performing any combination of encoding the data with FEC and interleaving the data.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the unicast cost indicator is less than the multicast cost indicator;
generating the transmission schedule to describe a time window when a unicast session may be established to retrieve the data.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the data network is a wireless network.
9. Apparatus for use in a server on a data network, the apparatus comprising:
a cost estimator that operates to compute a multicast cost indicator and a unicast cost indicator that are associated with multicast and unicast transmission of data;
processing logic that operates to determine that the multicast cost indicator is less than the unicast cost indicator, and generate a transmission schedule that describes when the data will be multicasted on the data network;
transmitting logic that operates to transmit the transmission schedule, and multicast the data according to the transmission schedule.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the transmitting logic comprises a control channel that is used to transmit the transmission schedule.
11. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising receiving logic that operates to receive a request to establish a unicast session.
12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processing logic operates to generate the transmission schedule to describe that the data will be multicasted on the data network in a plurality of multicast cycles.
13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processing logic operates to determine that the multicast cost indicator is less than the unicast cost indicator for a plurality of multicast cycles, and generates the transmission schedule to describe that the data will be multicasted on the data network in the plurality of multicast cycles.
14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the transmitter further comprises logic to perform any combination of encoding the data with FEC and interleaving the data.
15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processing logic operates to determine that the unicast cost indicator is less than the multicast cost indicator, and generate the transmission schedule to describe a time window when a unicast session may be established to retrieve the data.
16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data network is a wireless network.
17. Apparatus for use in a server on a data network, the apparatus comprising:
means for computing a multicast cost indicator and a unicast cost indicator that are associated with multicast and unicast transmission of data;
means for determining that the multicast cost indicator is less than the unicast cost indicator;
means for generating a transmission schedule that describes when the data will be multicasted on the data network;
means for transmitting the transmission schedule; and
means for multicasting the data according to the transmission schedule.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the means for transmitting the transmission schedule comprises means for transmitting the transmission schedule via a control channel.
19. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising means for receiving a request to establish a unicast session.
20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the means for generating the transmission schedule comprises means for generating the transmission schedule to describe that the data will be multicasted on the data network in a plurality of multicast cycles.
21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the means for generating the transmission schedule comprises:
means for repeating the steps of computing and determining for a plurality of multicast cycles until the unicast cost indicator is less than the multicast cost indicator; and
means for generating the transmission schedule to describe that the data will be multicasted on the data network in the plurality of multicast cycles.
22. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the means for multicasting further comprises means for performing any combination of encoding the data with FEC and interleaving the data.
23. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising:
means for determining that the unicast cost indicator is less than the multicast cost indicator; and
means for generating the transmission schedule to describe a time window when a unicast session may be established to retrieve the data.
24. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the data network is a wireless network.
25. A computer-readable media comprising instructions, which when executed by processing logic in a server, operate to transmit data on a data network, the computer-readable media comprising:
instructions for computing a multicast cost indicator and a unicast cost indicator that are associated with multicast and unicast transmission of data;
instructions for determining that the multicast cost indicator is less than the unicast cost indicator;
instructions for generating a transmission schedule that describes when the data will be multicasted on the data network;
instructions for transmitting the transmission schedule; and
instructions for multicasting the data according to the transmission schedule.
26. The computer-readable media of claim 25, wherein the instructions for transmitting the transmission schedule comprise instructions for transmitting the transmission schedule via a control channel.
27. The computer-readable media of claim 25, further comprising instructions for receiving a request to establish a unicast session.
28. The computer-readable media of claim 25, wherein the instructions for generating the transmission schedule comprise instructions for generating the transmission schedule to describe that the data will be multicasted on the data network in a plurality of multicast cycles.
29. The computer-readable media of claim 25, wherein the instructions for generating the transmission schedule comprises:
instructions for repeating the steps of computing and determining for a plurality of multicast cycles until the unicast cost indicator is less than the multicast cost indicator; and
instructions for generating the transmission schedule to describe that the data will be multicasted on the data network in the plurality of multicast cycles.
30. The computer-readable media of claim 25, wherein the instructions for multicasting further comprise instructions for performing any combination of encoding the data with FEC and interleaving the data.
31. The computer-readable media of claim 25, further comprising:
instructions for determining that the unicast cost indicator is less than the multicast cost indicator; and
instructions for generating the transmission schedule to describe a time window when a unicast session may be established to retrieve the data.
32. The computer-readable media of claim 25, wherein the data network is a wireless network.
33. A method for operating a receiving terminal on a data network, the method comprising:
receiving a transmission schedule that describes how data will be transmitted;
determining that the data is to be multicasted on the data network in one or more multicast cycles; and
receiving the multicasted data during the one or more multicast cycles.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the step of receiving comprises receiving the transmission schedule via a control channel.
35. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
failing to receive the data during the one or more multicast cycles; and
transmitting a request to establish a unicast session to retrieve the data.
36. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
determining that the data is be transmitted to the terminal via a unicast transmission; and
establishing a unicast session to retrieve the data.
37. Apparatus for use in a receiving terminal on a data network, the apparatus comprising:
logic to receive a transmission schedule that describes how data will be transmitted;
logic to determine that the data is to be multicasted on the data network in one or more multicast cycles; and
logic to receive the multicasted data during the one or more multicast cycles.
38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the logic to receive the transmission schedule comprises logic to receive the transmission schedule via a control channel.
39. The apparatus of claim 37, further comprising:
logic to determine that the data has not been received during the one or more multicast cycles; and
logic to transmit a request to establish a unicast session to retrieve the data.
40. The apparatus of claim 37, further comprising:
logic to determine that the data is be transmitted to the terminal via a unicast transmission; and
logic to establish a unicast session to retrieve the data.