1. A method of generating error control information in a communication device, the method comprising:
generating a plurality of ACKNACK bits, each ACKNACK bit indicating whether a corresponding transport block received from a remote communication node was successfully decoded;
forming one or more side information bits as a function of the ACKNACK bits, the side information bits indicating the relative quantities of ACK values and NACK values among the ACKNACK bits; and
transmitting the ACKNACK bits and the one or more side information bits to the remote communication node.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising encoding the ACKNACK bits and the one or more side information bits to form a coded error control word, and wherein transmitting the ACKNACK bits and the side information bits comprises transmitting the coded error control word.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein encoding the ACKNACK bits and the one or more side information bits comprises encoding the ACKNACK bits and side information bits using at least one block encoder.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein encoding the ACKNACK bits and the one or more side information bits comprises jointly encoding the ACKNACK bits and the one or more side information bits using a single block encoder.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the ACKNACK bits correspond to transport blocks received in two or more downlink subframes and wherein the ACKNACK bits and the side information bits are transmitted in a single uplink subframe.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein forming one or more side information bits comprises generating at least one side information bit indicating whether the majority of the ACKNACK bits have NACK values.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein forming one or more side information bits further comprises generating two or more duplicate side information bits indicating whether the majority of the ACKNACK bits have NACK values.
8. A method of processing error control information in a communication system, the method comprising:
receiving and estimating a plurality of ACKNACK bits and one or more side information bits transmitted by a remote communication device, each ACKNACK bit indicating whether a corresponding transport block received by the remote communication device was successfully decoded and the one or more side information bits indicating the relative quantities of ACK values and NACK values among the ACKNACK bits; and
evaluating the estimated ACKNACK bits in view of the estimated side information bits to determine the reliability of the estimated ACKNACK bits.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein receiving and estimating ACKNACK bits and side information bits comprises receiving a coded error control word transmitted by the remote communication device and decoding the coded error control word to obtain the estimated ACKNACK bits and the estimated one or more side information bits.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein decoding the coded error control word comprises decoding the coded error control word using at least one block decoder.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein evaluating the estimated ACKNACK bits comprises:
forming one or more test bits as a function of the estimated ACKNACK bits, the test bits indicating the relative quantities of ACK values and NACK values among the estimated ACKNACK bits; and
comparing the test bits to the estimated side information bits to determine the reliability of the estimated ACKNACK bits.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein forming one or more test bits comprises generating at least one test bit indicating whether a majority of the estimated ACKNACK bits have NACK values.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein forming one or more test bits comprises generating two or more duplicate test bits indicating whether a majority of the estimated ACKNACK bits have NACK values.
14. The method of claim 8, wherein evaluating the estimated ACKNACK bits in view of the estimated side information bits comprises determining a reliability metric for each of the estimated ACKNACK bits as a function of the estimated side information bits and assessing the reliability of each estimated ACKNACK bit based on the corresponding reliability metric.
15. The method of claim 8, further comprising assuming that none of the transport blocks were successfully decoded, in response to a determination that the estimated ACKNACK bits are unreliable.
16. A wireless communication device comprising one or more processing circuits configured to:
receive a plurality of transport blocks from a remote communication node and to generate a plurality of corresponding ACKNACK bits indicating whether each transport block was successfully decoded;
form one or more side information bits as a function of the ACKNACK bits, the side information bits indicating the relative quantities of ACK values and NACK values among the ACKNACK bits; and
transmit the ACKNACK bits and the one or more side information bits to the remote communication node.
17. The wireless communication device of claim 16, wherein the one or more processing circuits are further configured to encode the ACKNACK bits and the one or more side information bits to form a coded error control word, and are configured to transmit the ACKNACK bits and the one or more side information bits by transmitting the coded error control word to the remote communication node.
18. The wireless communication device of claim 17, wherein the ACKNACK bits correspond to transport blocks received in two or more downlink subframes and wherein the coded error control word is transmitted in a single uplink subframe.
19. The wireless communication device of claim 16, wherein the one or more processing circuits are configured to generate at least one side information bit indicating whether the majority of the ACKNACK bits have NACK values.
20. The wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein the one or more processing circuits are configured to generate two or more duplicate side information bits indicating whether the majority of the ACKNACK bits have NACK values.
21. The wireless communication device of claim 16, wherein the one or more processing circuits are configured to encode the ACKNACK bits and side information bits using at least one block encoder.
22. The wireless communication device of claim 21, wherein the one or more processing circuits are configured to encode the ACKNACK bits and side information bits by jointly encoding the ACKNACK bits and the one or more side information bits using a single block encoder.
23. A wireless communication device comprising one or more processing circuits configured to:
receive and estimate a plurality of ACKNACK bits and one or more side information bits transmitted by a remote communication device, each ACKNACK bit indicating whether a corresponding transport block received by the remote communication device was successfully decoded and the one or more side information bits indicating the relative quantities of ACK values and NACK values among the ACKNACK bits; and
evaluate the estimated ACKNACK bits in view of the estimated side information bits to determine the reliability of the estimated ACKNACK bits.
24. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein the one or more processing circuits are configured to receive and estimate the ACKNACK bits and the one or more side information bits by receiving a coded error control word transmitted by the remote communication device and decoding the coded error control word to obtain the estimated ACKNACK bits and the estimated one or more side information bits.
25. The wireless communication device of claim 24, wherein the one or more processing circuits are configured to decode the coded error control word using at least one block decoder.
26. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein the one or more processing circuits are configured to evaluate the estimated ACKNACK bits by:
forming one or more test bits as a function of the estimated ACKNACK bits, the test bits indicating the relative quantities of ACK values and NACK values among the estimated ACKNACK bits; and
comparing the test bits to the estimated side information bits to determine the reliability of the estimated ACKNACK bits.
27. The wireless communication device of claim 26, wherein the one or more processing circuits are configured to generate at least one test bit indicating whether a majority of the estimated ACKNACK bits have NACK values.
28. The wireless communication device of claim 27, wherein the one or more processing circuits are configured to generate two or more duplicate test bits indicating whether a majority of the estimated ACKNACK bits have NACK values.
29. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein the one or more processing circuits are configured to evaluate the estimated ACKNACK bits by:
determining a reliability metric for each of the estimated ACKNACK bits as a function of the estimated side information bits; and
assessing the reliability of each estimated ACKNACK bit based on the corresponding reliability metric.
30. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein the one or more processing circuits are configured to assume that none of the transport blocks were successfully decoded, in response to a determination that the estimated ACKNACK bits are unreliable.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for converting a prodrug to an active form, comprising:
administering a Nissle strain Escherichia coli bacteria to a subject with a tumor, wherein Nissle bacterium encodes a prodrug converting enzyme for converting a prodrug into an active form; and
administering a prodrug that is converted by the enzyme, whereby an active form of the prodrug is produced.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein an active form of the prodrug is a cytotoxin.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the Nissle bacterium is administered systemically.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the Nissle bacterium is administered intravenously.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the prodrug is administered intravenously.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the prodrug is selected from among 5-fluorouracil, gancyclovir, 6-methylpurine deoxyriboside, cephalosporin-doxorubicin, 4-(2-chloroethyl)(2-mesuloxyethyl)aminobenzoyl-L-glutamic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, 7-ethyl-10-4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidinocarbonyloxycampotothecin, bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-4-hydroxyphenylaminomethanone 28,1-chloromethyl-5-hydroxy-1,2-dihyro-3H-benzeindole, epirubicin-glucoronide, 5\u2032-deoxy5-fluorouridine, cytosine arabinoside and linamarin.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the prodrug converting enzyme is selected from among thymidine kinase, cytosine deaminase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, beta lactamase, carboxypeptidase G2, cytochrome P450, horseradish peroxidase, nitroreductase, carboxylesterase, tyrosinase, beta galactosidase, beta glucuronidase, thymidine phosphorylase, deoxycytidine kinase and linamerase.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the prodrug converting enzyme is endogenous to the Nissle bacterium.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein expression of the gene encoding the prodrug converting enzyme is directed by an inducible promoter.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the promoter is selected from among IPTG-, antibiotic-, heat-, pH-, light-, metal-, aerobic-, host cell-, drug-, cell cycle-, sugar and tissue specific-inducible promoters.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the promoter is an arabinose-inducible promoter or a xylose-inducible promoter.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises administering to the subject an inducer molecule, whereby the inducible promoter is activated.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the inducer molecule is arabinose or xylose.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the inducer molecule is administered systemically.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the inducer molecule is administered intravenously or orally.
16. The method of claim 11, wherein one or more genes in the Nissle bacterium are modified, whereby the Nissle bacterium does not metabolize L-arabinose.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the prodrug and enzyme pairs are selected from among Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinasegancyclovir, varicella zoster thymidine kinasegancyclovir, cytosine deaminase5-fluorouracil, purine nucleoside phosphorylase6-methylpurine deoxyriboside, beta lactamasecephalo-sporin-doxorubicin, carboxypeptidase G24-(2-chloroethyl)(2-mesuloxyethyl)-aminobenzoyl-L-glutamic acid, cytochrome P450acetaminophen, horseradish peroxidaseindole-3-acetic acid, nitroreductaseCB1954, rabbit carboxylesterase7-ethyl-10-4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidinocarbonyloxycampotothecin, mushroom tyrosinasebis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-4-hydroxyphenylaminomethanone 28, beta galactosidase1-chloromethyl-5-hydroxy-1,2-dihyro-3H-benzeindole, beta glucuronidaseepirubicin-glucoronide, glucuronidaseglucuronyldoxorubicin, thymidine phosphorylase5\u2032-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, deoxycytidine kinasecytosine arabinoside, beta-lactamase and linameraselinamarin.