1. A mobile node configured to maintain multiple PDN connections during an idle mode handover from a source network operating under the 3GPP communications protocol to a target network operating under a non-3GPP communications protocol, comprising:
communication circuitry configured to communicate with the source network and the target network; and
hardware coupled to the communication circuitry, wherein the hardware is configured to generate a connection request message, wherein the connection request is configured to establish the presence of the mobile node with the target network and wherein the connection request message comprises an indication that multiple PDN connections are currently in use by the mobile node;
wherein the communication circuitry is configured to transmit the connection request message to an access node on the target network;
wherein the access node is configured to transmit a request message to a home subscriber storage entity on a home network assigned to the mobile node;
wherein the access node is configured to receive a response message from the home subscriber storage entity on the home network assigned to the mobile node, said response message including addresses for all PDN gateways currently in use by the mobile node;
wherein the access node is configured to transmit the PDN gateway addresses to a control entity on the target network so that access can be established with the PDN gateways to maintain the PDN connections with the mobile node after the handover of mobile node communications to the target network.
2. The mobile node of claim 1, wherein the control entity on the target network is a PDSN entity or an HRPD serving gateway.
3. The mobile node of claim 1, wherein the access node on the target network is an FIRPO access node.
4. The mobile node of claim 1, wherein the address information for the PDN gateways also includes all IP addresses of the PDN gateways with corresponding PDN information.
5. The mobile node of claim 1, wherein the control entity is a PDSN control entity, wherein the PDSN control entity is configured to establish access with the multiple PDN gateways using a PMIP binding update request message.
6. The mobile node of claim 1, wherein the request message received by the access node is an HRPD connection request message.
7. The mobile node of claim 1, wherein the home subscriber storage entity is a AAA server on the home network.
8. A method for maintaining connectivity between user equipment and multiple PDN connections during an idle mode handover from a source network operating under the 3GPP communications protocol to a target network operating under a non-3GPP communications protocol, comprising the steps of:
providing a connection request message to an access node on the target network from the user equipment, said connection request message establishing the presence of said user equipment with the target network and including an indication that multiple PDN connections are currently in use by the user equipment;
wherein the access node is configured to transmit a request message to a home subscriber storage entity on a home network assigned to the user equipment;
wherein the access node is configured to receive a response message from the home subscriber storage entity on the home network assigned to the user equipment, said response message including addresses for all PDN gateways currently in use by the user equipment;
wherein the access node is configured to transmit the PDN gateway addresses to a control entity on the target network so that access can be established with the PDN gateways to maintain the PDN connections with the user equipment after the handover of user equipment communications to the target network.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the control entity on the target network is a PDSN entity or a HRPD serving gateway.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the access node on the target network is an FIRPO access node.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the address information for the PDN gateways also includes all IP addresses of the PDN gateways with corresponding PDN information.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein the control entity is a PDSN control entity, wherein the PDSN control entity is configured to establish access with the multiple PDN gateways using a PMIP binding update request message.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the request message received by the access node is an HRPD connection request message.
14. The method of claim 8, wherein the home subscriber storage entity is a AAA server on the home network.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A pharmaceutical formulation for intravenous, subcutaneous or intra-muscular injection comprising a compound of the formula (I)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable injectable carrier, wherein:
R1 is 1-hydroxyethyl, 1-fluoroethyl or hydroxymethyl;
R2 is hydrogen or C1-4alkyl;
R3 is hydrogen or C1-4alkyl;
R4 and R5 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, C1-4alkoxy, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, aminosulphonyl, C1-4alkylaminosulphonyl, di-C1-4-alkylaminosulphonyl, carbamoyl, C1-4alkylcarbamoyl, di-C1-4alkylcarbamoyl, trifluoromethyl, sulphonic acid, amino, C1-4alkylamino, di-C1-4alkylamino, C1-4alkanoylamino, C1-4alkanoyl(N\u2014C1-4alkyl)amino, C1-4alkanesulphonamido and \u2014S(O)nC1-4alkyl and wherein n is zero, one or two;
with the proviso that there is no hydroxy or carboxy substituent in a position ortho to the link to \u2014NR3\u2014.
2. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein R1 is 1-hydroxyethyl.
3. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein R2 is hydrogen or methyl.
4. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein R2 is methyl.
5. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein R3 is hydrogen.
6. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (IV):
7. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 6 wherein R4 and R5 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, nitro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, methylcarbamoyl, dimethylcarbamoyl, trifluoromethyl, sulphonic acid, methylsulphinyl, methylsulphonyl, methanesulphonamido and acetamido.
8. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 6 wherein at least one of R4 and R5 in the compound of formula (IV) is hydrogen.
9. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 7 wherein at least one of R4 and R5 in the compound of formula (IV) is hydrogen.
10. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 6 wherein R4 is hydrogen, carboxy, fluoro, chloro, methyl, methoxy, cyano, sulphonic acid or methoxycarbonyl and R5 is hydrogen.
11. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (I) is (1R,5S,6S,8R,2\u2032S,4\u2032S)-2-(2-(3-carboxyphenylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-4-ylthio)-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylcarbapenem-3-carboxylic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof.
12. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (I) is (1R,5S,6S,8R,2\u2032S,4\u2032S)-2-(2-(3-carboxyphenylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-4-ylthio)-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylcarbapenem-3-carboxylic acid.
13. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (I) is (1R,5S,6S,8R,2\u2032S,4\u2032S)-2-(2-(3-carboxyphenylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidin-4-ylthio)-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylcarbapenem-3-carboxylic acid in the form of a monosodium salt.
14. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (I) is (1R,5S,6S,8R,2\u2032S,4\u2032S)-2-(2-(3-carboxyphenylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidin-4-ylthio)-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylcarbapenem-3-carboxylic acid in the form of a disodium salt.
15. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a mixture of (1R,5S,6S,8R,2\u2032S,4\u2032S)-2-(2-(3-carboxyphenylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-4-ylthio)-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylcarbapenem-3-carboxylic acid in the form of a monosodium salt and (1R,5S,6S,8R,2\u2032S,4\u2032S)-2-(2-(3-carboxyphenylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-4-ylthio)-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylcarbapenem-3-carboxylic acid in the form of a disodium salt.
16. The pharmaceutical formulation according to any one of claims 1 and 6, wherein said composition comprises from 100 mg to 1 g of the compound of the formula (I) or formula (IV).
17. The pharmaceutical formulation according to any one of claims 1 and 6, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable injectable carrier comprises water or an aqueous solution of sodium chloride.
18. A process for preparing the pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1 for intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, said process comprising reconstituting a dry powder filled vial, which powder comprises a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof as defined in claim 1, in a pharmaceutically acceptable injectable carrier.
19. The process of claim 18 wherein said pharmaceutically acceptable injectable carrier comprises water or an aqueous solution of sodium chloride.