1. A device for positioning a bone cut on a tibia, the device comprising:
a tibial attachment member;
a coupler moveably attached to the tibial attachment member;
a rotationally moveable arm rotationally attached to the coupler;
a swing arm coupled with the rotationally moveable arm via an axle such that a free end of the swing arm swings from an anterior position to a side position;
a light emitting member coupled with the swing arm at or near the free end for emitting light along the tibia;
a varusvalgus adjustment member for adjusting the rotationally moveable arm to direct the emitted light approximately along a midline of an anterior surface of the tibia;
an anteriorposterior adjustment member for adjusting the coupler in an anteriorposterior orientation relative to the tibial attachment member to direct the emitted light approximately along a midline of a side of the tibia; and
a tibial bone resection level adjustment member for selecting a level for resecting the tibia.
2. A device as in claim 1, wherein the tibial attachment member comprises:
at least one foot pad for contacting an articular surface of an uncut tibia; and
at least one hole for passing the attachment member over a reference pin attached to the tibia.
3. A device as in claim 2, wherein tibial attachment member comprises:
a medial articular surface footpad having a first hole; and
a lateral articular surface footpad having a second hole.
4. A device as in claim 1, wherein the light emitting member emits light in a linear or planar configuration.
5. A device as in claim 1, wherein the side of the tibia is the medial side, and wherein the swing arm rotates between a first position in which the light shines along the anterior surface of the tibia and a second position in which the light shines along the medial side of the tibia.
6. A device as in claim 1, further comprising a tibial cutting guide holder, wherein adjustments of the adjustment members adjust a position of the cutting guide holder.
7. A device as in claim 1, further comprising a stylus coupled with the tibial attachment member and configured to extend from an upper surface of the tibia to a location anterior to and below the upper surface, wherein the tibial bone resection level adjustment member is adjustable to contact the tibial cutting guide with the stylus at the location.
8. A system for positioning a tibial cutting guide on a tibia, the system comprising:
a tibial cutting guide; and
a cutting guide positioning device comprising:
a tibial attachment member;
a coupler moveably attached to the tibial attachment member;
a rotationally moveable arm rotationally attached to the coupler;
a swing arm coupled with the rotationally moveable arm via an axle such that a free end of the swing arm swings from an anterior position to a side position;
a light emitting member coupled with the swing arm at or near the free end for emitting light along the tibia;
a varusvalgus adjustment member for adjusting the rotationally moveable arm to direct the emitted light approximately along a midline of an anterior surface of the tibia;
an anteriorposterior adjustment member for adjusting the coupler in an anteriorposterior orientation relative to the tibial attachment member to direct the emitted light approximately along a midline of a side of the tibia;
a tibial bone resection level adjustment member for selecting a level for resecting the tibia; and
a tibial cutting guide holder, wherein adjustments of the adjustment members adjust a position of the cutting guide holder.
9. A system as in claim 8, wherein the tibial cutting guide holder is moveable relative to the rotationally moveable arm to move the tibial cutting guide into contact with the tibia.
10. A system as in claim 8, further comprising at least one reference pin for removably attaching the tibial attachment member of the guide positioning device to the tibia.
11. A system as in claim 8, further comprising at least one cutting guide fastener for attaching the tibial cutting guide to the tibia.
12. A system as in claim 8, wherein the light emitting member emits light in a linear or planar configuration that may be directed along the tibia.
13. A system as in claim 8, wherein the side of the tibia is the medial side, and wherein the swing arm rotates between a first position in which the light shines along the anterior surface of the tibia and a second position in which the light shines along the medial side of the tibia.
14. A system as in claim 8, further comprising a stylus coupled with the tibial attachment member and configured to extend from an upper surface of the tibia to a location anterior to and below the upper surface, wherein the tibial bone resection level adjustment member is adjustable to contact the tibial cutting guide with the stylus at the location.
15. A method for positioning a bone cutting guide on a tibia, the method comprising:
coupling a cutting guide positioning apparatus with a tibia;
adjusting the positioning apparatus in a varusvalgus orientation;
adjusting the positioning apparatus in an anteriorposterior orientation;
adjusting the positioning apparatus up or down to select a tibial bone resection level; and
contacting a cutting guide with the tibia, using the adjusted positioning apparatus.
16. A method as in claim 15, further comprising emitting light in a linear configuration from the cutting guide positioning device, wherein adjusting the apparatus in the varusvalgus orientation comprises moving the light to shine along approximately a midline of an anterior surface of the tibia, and wherein adjusting the apparatus in the anteriorposterior orientation comprises moving the light to shine along approximately a midline of a side of the tibia.
17. A method as in claim 16, wherein the side of the tibia comprises a medial side.
18. A method as in claim 16, further comprising swinging a swing arm of the cutting guide positioning apparatus approximately 90 degrees between the steps of adjusting in the varusvalgus orientation and adjusting in the anteriorposterior orientation.
19. A method as in claim 18, further comprising locking in the varusvalgus orientation before swinging the swing arm.
20. A method as in claim 15, wherein the cutting guide is removably coupled with the guide positioning apparatus during the adjusting steps.
21. A method as in claim 15, further comprising attaching the cutting guide to the tibia.
22. A method as in claim 21, further comprising:
removing the positioning apparatus from the tibia and the cutting guide;
and making at least one cut on the tibia guided by the cutting guide.
23. A method as in claim 21, wherein adjusting the positioning apparatus up or down to select a tibial bone resection level comprises moving a resection level adjustment member up or down to contact a stylus touching an upper surface of the tibia and extending to a location anterior to and below the upper surface.
24. A method as in claim 23, wherein the location is between about 8 mm and about 11 mm below the upper surface, and wherein the upper surface is a lateral articular surface of the tibia.
25. A method as in claim 21, wherein coupling the cutting guide positioning apparatus with the tibia comprises advancing the at least one hole in the apparatus over at least one reference pin attached to the tibia.
26. A method as in claim 25, wherein two foot pads of the positioning device are advanced over two reference pins to contact the medial and lateral articular surfaces of the tibia.
27. A method for positioning a bone cutting guide on a tibia, the method comprising:
coupling a cutting guide positioning apparatus with a tibia, wherein the positioning apparatus is coupled with a tibial cutting guide;
emitting a light from the positioning apparatus;
adjusting the positioning apparatus in a varusvalgus orientation to shine the light approximately along a midline of an anterior surface of the tibia;
swinging a swing arm of the positioning apparatus approximately 90 degrees to shine the light along a side of the tibia;
adjusting the positioning apparatus in an anteriorposterior orientation to shine the light approximately along a midline of the side of the tibia;
adjusting the positioning apparatus up or down to select a tibial bone resection level; and
attaching the tibial cutting guide to the tibia, using the adjusted positioning apparatus.
28. A method as in claim 27, further comprising:
removing the positioning apparatus from the tibia and the cutting guide; and
making at least one cut on the tibia guided by the cutting guide.
29. A method as in claim 27, wherein the side of the tibia comprises a medial side.
30-32. (canceled)
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A packet forwarding method, comprising:
receiving a packet from a switch board;
acquiring an input port number of the packet, looking up a forwarding policy table storing corresponding relations among the input port number, an output port number and a cascade port number according to the input port number, and acquiring the output port number and the cascade port number corresponding to the input port number;
forwarding the packet to a cascade board via a port corresponding to the cascade port number, so that the cascade board learns a source media access control (MAC) address of the packet; and
forwarding the packet to a port corresponding to the output port number.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forwarding policy table comprises a \u201cpacket input port bitmap\u201d, a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) broadcast enableddisabled, and a \u201cpacket output port bitmap\u201d, the \u201cpacket input port bitmap\u201d stores the input port number, and the \u201cpacket output port bitmap\u201d stores the output port number and the cascade port number corresponding to the input port number.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the looking up the forwarding policy table storing corresponding relations among the input port number, the output port number and the cascade port number according to the input port number and acquiring the output port number and the cascade port number corresponding to the input port number further comprises:
looking up the \u201cpacket input port bitmap\u201d according to the input port number to acquire a control identifier of the input port number;
acquiring a VLAN identifier in the packet, if the control identifier of the input port number is True and the corresponding \u201cVLAN broadcast enableddisabled\u201d is True, and looking up a VLAN table according to the VLAN identifier and acquiring the corresponding output port number and the corresponding cascade port number; and
looking up the corresponding \u201cpacket output port bitmap\u201d, if the control identifier of the input port number is True and the corresponding \u201cVLAN broadcast enableddisabled\u201d is False, and acquiring the corresponding output port number and the corresponding cascade port number.
4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
selecting at least one port from an aggregation group according to an aggregation algorithm to send the packet, or performing VLAN switching or Layer 3 forwarding, if the output port number is a port number in the aggregation group; and
sending the packet via a port corresponding to the output port number or performing VLAN switching or Layer 3 forwarding, if the output port number is not a port number in the aggregation group.
5. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
selecting at least one port from an aggregation group according to an aggregation algorithm to send the packet, or performing VLAN switching or Layer 3 forwarding, if the output port number is a port number in the aggregation group; and
sending the packet via a port corresponding to the output port number or performing VLAN switching or Layer 3 forwarding, if the output port number is not a port number in the aggregation group.
6. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
selecting at least one port from an aggregation group according to an aggregation algorithm to send the packet, or performing VLAN switching or Layer 3 forwarding, if the output port number is a port number in the aggregation group; and
sending the packet via a port corresponding to the output port number or performing VLAN switching or Layer 3 forwarding, if the output port number is not a port number in the aggregation group.
7. A board, comprising:
a storage unit, adapted to store a forwarding policy table, wherein the forwarding policy table stores corresponding relations among an input port number, an output port number and a cascade port number;
a receiving unit, adapted to receive a packet from a switch board, and acquire an input port number of the packet;
a processing unit, adapted to look up the forwarding policy table according to the input port number, and acquire the output port number and the cascade port number corresponding to the input port number; and
a sending unit, adapted to forward the packet to a cascade board via a port corresponding to the cascade port number so that the cascade board learns a source media access control (MAC) address of the packet, and forward the packet to a port corresponding to the output port number.
8. The board according to claim 7, wherein the forwarding policy table comprises a \u201cpacket input port bitmap\u201d, a \u201cVirtual Local Area Network (VLAN) broadcast enableddisabled\u201d, and a \u201cpacket output port bitmap\u201d, the \u201cpacket input port bitmap\u201d stores the input port number, and the \u201cpacket output port bitmap\u201d stores the output port number and the cascade port number corresponding to the input port number.
9. The board according to claim 7, wherein the processing unit is further adapted to determine whether the output port number is a port number in the aggregation group,
if the output port number is a port number in the aggregation group, VLAN switching or Layer 3 forwarding is performed, or at least one port number is selected from the aggregation group according to an aggregation algorithm, and the sending unit is notified to send the packet via a port corresponding to the at least one port number; and
if the output port number is not a port number in the aggregation group, VLAN switching or Layer 3 forwarding is performed, or the sending unit is notified to send the packet via a port corresponding to the output port number.
10. The board according to claim 7, wherein the board is applied in communication equipment, and the communication equipment comprises a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), an optical line terminal (OLT), an optical network unit (ONU), or a switch.
11. The board according to claim 8, wherein the board is applied in communication equipment, and the communication equipment comprises a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), an optical line terminal (OLT), an optical network unit (ONU), or a switch.
12. The board according to claim 9, wherein the board is applied in communication equipment, and the communication equipment comprises a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), an optical line terminal (OLT), an optical network unit (ONU), or a switch.
13. A packet forwarding system, comprising: a first board and a second board, wherein the first board comprises a forwarding policy table, and the forwarding policy table stores corresponding relations among an input port number, an output port number and a cascade port number,
the first board receives a packet from a switch board, acquires an input port number of the packet, looks up the forwarding policy table according to the input port number, acquires an output port number and a cascade port number corresponding to the input port number, and forwards the packet to the second board via a port corresponding to the cascade port number, so that the second board learns a source media access control (MAC) address of the packet; and the packet is forwarded to a port corresponding to the output port number.
14. The system according to claim 13, wherein the first board and the second board belong to one communication equipment, or belong to different communication equipments.