1. An apparatus for the adjustment of the inter-car distance in a double-deck elevator comprising, hoisting ropes connected to a car frame, the car frame supporting a plurality of elevator cars along guide rails, at least one separate adjusting rope, and a plurality of diverting pulleys, a first elevator car being suspended in the car frame so that it is supported by the at least one adjusting rope and the diverting pulleys, the adjusting rope is moved by an adjusting mechanism that is located off of the car frame, the adjusting mechanism moves the first elevator car relative to the car frame while another one of the elevator cars is stationary relative to the car frame, the adjusting mechanism being non-driven when the hoisting ropes move the car frame,
wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises a rope drum to which a first end of the adjusting rope has been secured, and wherein at least part of the adjusting mechanism is disposed in an elevator machine room, a second end of the adjusting rope being secured to a floor of an elevator shaft.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting rope being free of supporting a counterweight for the elevator.
3. A method for adjusting the inter-car distance in a double-deck elevator provided with hoisting ropes, in which elevator the hoisting ropes move a car frame supporting a plurality of elevator cars along guide rails, comprising the step of adjusting a vertical inter-car distance between the elevator cars by moving one of the elevator cars in relation to the car frame by pulling the elevator car to be moved by an adjusting rope, for respective upward and downward movement while another one of the elevator cars is stationary relative to the car frame, wherein movement of the adjusting rope is by an adjusting mechanism that is located off of the car frame, further comprising a rope drum disposed in an elevator machine room and the adjusting rope has a first end secured to the rope drum and a second end secured to a floor of an elevator shaft, the method comprising the step of driving the rope drum to move the one elevator car relative to the car frame.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system comprising a hydrogenation reactor containing a catalyst effective for hydrogenating aldehydes to alcohols, a first distillation tower downstream of the hydrogenation reactor, the first distillation tower having an inlet, an outlet located substantially at or near the overhead of the tower and an outlet located substantially at or near the bottom of the tower, and an aldehyde elimination reactor, wherein the aldehyde elimination reactor comprises distillation packing andor trays and a catalyst effective for converting an aldehyde and an alcohol to the corresponding acetal.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the aldehyde elimination reactor is downstream of the first distillation tower and fluidly connected to the bottoms thereof.
3. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a second distillation tower located downstream of the aldehyde elimination reactor and fluidly connected thereto.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the aldehyde elimination reactor is located within the first distillation tower and below the inlet to this distillation tower.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first distillation tower is a divided wall distillation tower comprising a first vertical section containing the inlet and the aldehyde elimination reactor, and a second vertical section consisting essentially of distillation packing andor distillation trays, the first and second vertical section segregated by a vertical wall extending a predetermined distance from above the tower inlet to below the inlet.
6. A method for at least one of isolation and purification of an alcohol comprising the steps of
(i) catalytically hydrogenating an aldehyde containing stream to produce a first mixture comprising at most 2% wt of the aldehyde and at least 75% wt of the alcohol based on the weight of the total first mixture,
(ii) contacting the first mixture with an acetal formation catalyst under conditions suitable for formation of at least one of the acetal and an unsaturated ether of the aldehyde and the alcohol to produce a second mixture comprising the at least one of the acetal and the unsaturated ether and the alcohol, and
(iii) distilling the second mixture to produce an overhead comprising the alcohol and a first bottoms comprising the at least one of the acetal and the unsaturated ether.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the acetal formation catalyst is selected from the group consisting of acid resin catalysts, sulfated zirconia, H- montomorillonite clay, heteropoly acids (HPA) supported on inorganic oxides, Ni\u2014Mo on alumina, MCM 22, and combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
(iv) reacting a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen and at least one CnH2n olefin in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst under conditions suitable to obtain a product comprising an aldehyde containing n+1 carbon atoms, wherein n is selected from 3 to 12, and hydrogenating at least part of the aldehyde obtained in step (iv) in step (i).
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the first mixture comprises at least one of a CnH2n+2 paraffin and a CnH2n olefin, wherein n is selected from 3 to 12, and whereby the contacting in step (ii) is performed in a first catalytic distillation tower comprising the acetal formation catalyst and under conditions suitable for the formation of at least one of the acetal and the hemiacetal of the alcohol and the aldehyde and simultaneous carrying out distillation so that at least one of the paraffin, water, and the olefin are taken as overhead and at least one of the alcohol, the acetal and the hemiacetal are taken off as bottoms, which bottoms is passed to step (iii).
10. The method of claim 9, wherein also unsaturated ethers are taken off in said bottoms, which is passed to step (iii).
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the first mixture is passed to a divided wall distillation tower comprising an inlet for the first mixture, a first vertical section containing acetal formation catalyst and a second vertical section comprising at least one of distillation packing and distillation trays, the first and second vertical section segregated by a vertical wall extending a predetermined distance from above the inlet to below the inlet for the first mixture, wherein the first mixture and the acetal formation catalyst are contacted under conditions suitable for the formation of the acetal of the alcohol and the aldehyde and simultaneous carrying out distillation so that an overheads is taken comprising at least one of the paraffin and the olefin, the alcohol is taken as a sidestream, and the acetal are taken off as bottoms.
12. The method according to claim 6, wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of n-butanol, isobutanol, mixtures of C4 alcohols, n- pentanol, 2-methyl-butanol, 3-methyl butanol, mixtures of at least two C5 alcohols, 2- ethyl-pentanol, 2-ethyl hexanol, 2,4-dimethyl heptanol, and 2-propyl heptanol, and mixtures thereof.
13. The method according to claim 6, wherein the alcohol is further esterified to produce an ester.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the ester is selected from an acetate, an acrylate, a methacrylate, a phthalate, a benzoate, a cyclohexane dicarboxylate, a trimellitate and an adipate, or mixtures thereof.
15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the ester is at least one of a benzoate and a phthalate and wherein the ester is further hydrogenated to produce at least one of a cyclohexane mono-carboxylate and a cyclohexane di-carboxylate.
16. A system comprising a hydrogenation reactor containing a catalyst effective for hydrogenating aldehydes to alcohols, a first distillation tower downstream of the hydrogenation reactor, the first distillation tower having an inlet, an outlet located at a location selected from substantially at and near the overhead of the tower and an outlet located at a location selected from substantially at and near the bottom of the tower, and an aldehyde elimination reactor, wherein the aldehyde elimination reactor comprises at least one of distillation packing and trays and a catalyst effective for converting an aldehyde and an alcohol to the corresponding acetal.
17. The system according to claim 3, wherein the aldehyde elimination reactor is downstream of the first distillation tower and fluidly connected to the bottoms thereof.
18. The system according to claim 3, further comprising a second distillation tower located downstream of the aldehyde elimination reactor and fluidly connected thereto.
19. The system according to claim 3, wherein the aldehyde elimination reactor is located within the first distillation tower and below the inlet to this distillation tower.
20. The system according to claim 3, wherein the first distillation tower is a divided wall distillation tower comprising a first vertical section containing the inlet and the aldehyde elimination reactor, and a second vertical section consisting essentially of at least one of distillation packing and distillation trays, the first and second vertical section segregated by a vertical wall extending a predetermined distance from above the tower inlet to below the inlet.