1. A process for separating carbon dioxide (CO2) from a breathing gas mixture, the process comprising:
providing a breathing gas device which provides an expired breathing gas mixture flow;
providing a breathing gas mixture flow space through which the expired breathing gas mixture flows;
providing another gas flow space;
providing a separating element comprising a selective semipermeable membrane separating volume areas of said breathing gas mixture flow space and said another gas flow space on each side of said selective semipermeable membrane, said selective semipermeable membrane defining a breathing gas mixture guide on one side of said selective semipermeable membrane for forming a separating element, said selective semipermeable membrane comprising a porous polymer support structure and amine groups bound covalently to the polymer, through which transport of the components of the gas mixture can take place, said selective semipermeable membrane having a permeability for CO2 that is substantially higher than the permeability for the other gas components of the breathing gas mixture, said selective semipermeable membrane guiding the gas mixture along the membrane to separate said volume areas on each side of said selective semipermeable membrane;
providing a means for reducing CO2 partial pressure in said another gas flow space such that a CO2 partial pressure in said another gas flow space is below a CO2 partial pressure prevailing in said breathing gas mixture flow space;
guiding the expired breathing gas mixture on one side of the selective and semipermeable membrane such that transport of the components of the gas mixture takes place through the selective and semipermeable membrane.
2. A process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the breathing gas mixture contains halogenated hydrocarbons and transport of the components of the gas mixture results in a separation of CO2 from the breathing gas mixture.
3. A process in accordance with claim 2, wherein the transport of CO2 takes place with a selectivity of at least 50 relative to the transport of halogenated hydrocarbons.
4. A process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the breathing gas mixture is guided along one side and said means for reducing CO2 partial pressure continuously supplies air, guided as a flushing gas, on the other side of the membrane under substantially equal overall pressure, the membrane having a selectivity of at least 500 for CO2 relative to N2.
5. A process in accordance with claim 1, wherein said means for reducing CO2 partial pressure establishes a pressure below 500 Pa on the side of the membrane facing away from the breathing gas mixture.
6. A process in accordance with claim 5, wherein said means for reducing CO2 partial pressure comprises a gas flushing means provided in communication with said another gas flow space for continuously moving flushing gas through said another gas flow space to set the partial pressures of N2, CO2 and H2O by the flushing gas on a side of the membrane facing away from the breathing gas mixture.
7. A process in accordance with claim 5, wherein said means for reducing CO2 partial pressure comprises a vacuum pump which lowers the overall pressure in the volume area of said another gas flow space, which is limited at least partially by the membrane and is located on the side of the membrane facing away from the breathing gas mixture to set the partial pressures of N2, CO2 and H2O by lowering the overall pressure on the side of the membrane facing away from the breathing gas mixture.
8. A process in accordance with claim 7, wherein the selectivity of the membrane for CO2 relative to N2 decreases in proportion to the partial pressure of N2 on the flushing gas side and is maintained below 500.
9. A process in accordance with claim 5, wherein said means for reducing CO2 partial pressure comprises a gas flushing means provided in communication with said another gas flow space for continuously moving flushing gas through said another gas flow space a vacuum pump which lowers the overall pressure in the volume area of said another gas flow space, which is limited at least partially by the membrane and is located on the side of the membrane facing away from the breathing gas mixture to set the partial pressures of N2, CO2 and H2O by the flushing gas and simultaneously lowering the overall pressure on the side of the membrane facing away from the breathing gas mixture.
10. A process in accordance with claim 1, wherein a relative humidity of at least 60% is set on at least one side of the membrane during the separation of CO2 at the membrane.
11. A process in accordance with claim 10, wherein the relative humidity is set by at least one of expiratory breathing gases in the expired from the breathing gas mixture flow and by an additional humidification source.
12. A device for separating CO2 from a breathing gas mixture, the device comprising:
a breathing gas device providing an expired breathing gas mixture flow;
a breathing gas mixture flow space through which the expired breathing gas mixture flows;
another gas flow space;
a separating element comprising a selective semipermeable membrane separating volume areas of said breathing gas mixture flow space and said another gas flow space on each side of said selective semipermeable membrane, said selective semipermeable membrane defining a breathing gas mixture guide on one side of said selective semipermeable membrane for forming a separating element, said selective semipermeable membrane comprising a porous polymer support structure and amine groups bound covalently to the polymer, through which transport of the components of the gas mixture can take place, said selective semipermeable membrane having a permeability for CO2 that is substantially higher than the permeability for the other gas components of the breathing gas mixture, said selective semipermeable membrane guiding the gas mixture along the membrane to separate said volume areas on each side of said selective semipermeable membrane; and
means for reducing CO2 partial pressure in said another gas flow space such that a CO2 partial pressure in said another gas flow space is below a CO2 partial pressure prevailing in said breathing gas mixture flow space.
13. A device in accordance with claim 12, wherein the breathing gas mixture flow contains halogenated hydrocarbons and the selective semipermeable membrane is provided with a porous support structure, which is resistant to halogenated hydrocarbons and through which the transport of CO2 takes place at a selectivity of at least 50 relative to the transport of halogenated hydrocarbons.
14. A device in accordance with claim 12, wherein a CO2 partial pressure that is below 500 Pa prevails in said another gas flow space on a side of the membrane facing away from the breathing gas mixture.
15. A device in accordance with claim 12, wherein said means for reducing CO2 partial pressure comprises a gas flushing means provided in communication with said another gas flow space for continuously moving flushing gas through said another gas flow space.
16. A device in accordance with claim 12, wherein said means for reducing CO2 partial pressure comprises a vacuum pump which lowers the overall pressure in the volume area of said another gas flow space, which is limited at least partially by the membrane and is located on the side of the membrane facing away from the breathing gas mixture.
17. A device in accordance with claim 12, wherein said means for reducing CO2 partial pressure comprises:
a gas flushing means provided in communication with said another gas flow space for gas flushing of the side of the membrane facing away from the breathing gas mixture; and
a vacuum pump which lowers the overall pressure in the volume area of said another gas flow space, which is limited at least partially by the membrane and is located on the side of the membrane facing away from the breathing gas mixture.
18. A device in accordance with claim 12, further comprising moistening means comprising a humidifier connected to the breathing gas device for humidifying the expired breathing gas mixture flow for moistening the membrane on the side of the breathing gas mixture.
19. A device in accordance with claim 12, further comprising moistening means for moistening the side of the membrane facing away from the breathing gas mixture.
20. A device in accordance with claim 12, wherein said membrane contains buffer substances, including one of trihydroxymethylaminomethane, borates or carbonates, which maintain the pH value above a value of 7.
21. A device in accordance with claim 12, wherein the breathing gas device is one of an anesthesia apparatus or respirator wherein said breathing gas mixture flows from said anesthesia apparatus or respirator.
22. A device in accordance with claim 12, wherein said separating element further comprises a support structure in the form of a counterflow hollow fiber membrane module supporting said selective semipermeable membrane.
23. A device in accordance with claim 12, wherein said separating element further comprises a support structure in the form of a counterflow flat membrane module supporting said selective semipermeable membrane.
24. A device in accordance with claim 12, wherein said separating element further comprises a support structure in the form of a cross-flow flat membrane module supporting said selective semipermeable membrane.
25. A device in accordance with claim 12, wherein said separating element further comprises a support structure in the form of a wound membrane module supporting said selective semipermeable membrane.
26. A device in accordance with claim 12, wherein said selective semipermeable membrane is formed of polyvinylamine and is connected to an asymmetrically porous hollow fiber membrane as a support structure or is applied to same, the membrane being arranged on the side of the small pore sizes of the support structure.
27. A device in accordance with claim 26, wherein the porous hollow fiber membrane consists of polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate or polyether sulfone.
28. A device in accordance with claim 12, wherein the separating element is equipped with a memory element, which can be read in a wireless manner, can be written to and is designed as a transponder and contains a model identification andor operating parameters andor characteristics of the element for identification andor calculation of the state of consumption or the remaining use time of the element, the calculation being carried out in a computing unit of an anesthesia apparatus or a respirator.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A control method for superfine powder grinding industrial waste slag in an energy-saving and environmental-friendly type of closed cycle with high yield, the method comprising:
removing the iron from the industrial waste slag;
cracking and metering the waste slag;
after metering the waste slag, performing a wind sweeping, drying and powder grinding process;
de-dusting the waste gases from the wind sweeping, drying and powder grinding process;
discharging the purified gases into the atmosphere;
detecting collected dust and output material produced by the wind sweeping, drying and powder grinding process using an in-line laser particle detector;
performing a screening process after detecting the collected dust and the output material such that screened out fine powder is obtained as a final product;
continuing to grind both rough powder and newly added material; and
automatically controlling and adjusting operating parameters based on an in-line detecting result.
2. The control method according to claim 1, wherein when the particle size of the output material is more than 30 \u03bcm, the rotary speed for powder screening is increased by 10-20%; or the input amount for the wind sweeping, drying and powder grinding is decreased by 8-12%.
3. The control method according to claim 1, wherein when the particle size of the output material is less than 20 \u03bcm, the airflow for dedusting the waste gases after the wind sweeping, drying and powder grinding process is increased by 8-12%; or the input amount for the wind sweeping, drying and powder grinding is increased by 8-12%.
4. The control method according to claim 1, wherein when the particle size of the finished product is more than 10 \u03bcm, the rotary speed for screening is increased by 15-25%; when the particle size of finished product is less than 5 \u03bcm, the rotary speed for screening is decreased by 8-12%, and the air flow rate for dedusting the waste gases from the wind sweeping, drying and powder grinding process is increased by 8-12%.
5. A slag processing apparatus for superfine powder grinding industrial waste slag in an energy-saving and environmental-friendly type of closed cycle with high yield, the slag processing apparatus comprising a cracking device, a metering device for input material, a sprayer of grinded coal powder, a flame sprayer, a mixing combustion chamber, a lifting device, a powder screening device, a deduster, a wind guiding device, a storing tank for finished product, a wind sweeping-drying powder grinder, an automatic control device, two particle size detectors installed at an output port of the wind sweeping-drying powder grinder and a fine powder output port of the powder screening device respectively, and connected with the automatic control device which in turn is connected with the metering device for input material, the powder screening device, and the deduster.
6. The slag processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a back portion of a powder grinder house of the wind sweeping-drying powder grinder is divided into a first powder grinder house and a second powder grinder house by a screening partition board; a front portion of the powder grinder house is divided by a drying house partition board so as to provide a drying house therein, a cylindrical material-flying board is provided within the drying house, several rectangular material-flying ribs are evenly provided on the inner wall of the cylindrical material-flying board, on the two sides of the material-flying ribs there are provided triangular enforcing boards.
7. The slag processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said drying house partition board comprises a drying house partition board body, a fixing ring, a stop ring, a material-flying ring, an enforcing ring, and a wave type of arcuate material-flying board; wherein the fixing ring is provided in the middle of the inner wall of the cylindrical partition board body, the stop ring and the fixing ring are concentrically provided on the same diameter plane, and connected with each other by several wave type of arcuate material-flying board which are evenly distributed, the material-flying ring is provided on the inner end port of the cylindrical partition board body, the enforcing ring and the material-flying ring are provided on the same diameter plane, the enforcing ring is connected with the tail of the wave type of arcuate material-flying board.
8. The slag processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein two to four spaced tilt guiding boards are provided in the middle of the material input port of the head of the wind sweeping-drying powder grinder, so that the material flows into the grinder from between the guiding boards, and the hot air flows into the grinder from its two sides.
9. The slag processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said deduster is an anti-dew bag type deduster which comprises a divisional chamber pulse sprayer and an input gas flow homogenization mechanism and an overflow type of locking wind twist knife.
10. The slag processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said powder screening device is a wind circulation powder screen device which comprises an air allocating chamber, a cage rotor, a material scattering disc, an air input pipe, a dispersed pre-grading chamber, a tangent air pipe, an air input ring pipe, an air transferring pipe, an adjusting air valve, and an air guiding assembly.