1. A method performed by a mobile device for reestablishment for emergency calls, comprising:
communicating, using the mobile device, in an emergency call in progress over a connection via a first cell;
detecting, by the mobile device, a radio link failure at the mobile device for the emergency call in the connection via the first cell; and
reestablishing, by the mobile device, the connection for the emergency call via a second cell without considering whether the second cell could offer normal service to the mobile device to continue the emergency call without releasing the emergency call.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the establishing comprises reestablishing the connection with a Radio Resource Control connection reestablishment procedure.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising sending a reestablishment request message to a base station operating the second cell, wherein the reestablishment request message includes information that a reestablishment attempt is related to the emergency call.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the sending comprises indicating in the reestablishment request message the emergency call as a cause of the reestablishment request message.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the establishing comprises reestablishing the connection with a cell update procedure.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising sending a cell update message to a base station operating the second cell, wherein the cell update message includes information that a reestablishment attempt is related to the emergency call.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the sending comprises indicating in the cell update message the emergency call as a cause of the cell update message.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the establishing comprises considering the second cell as an acceptable cell.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising identifying the second cell for reestablishment though a selection procedure performing cell selection across all available radio access technologies.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the identifying is performed after a previous cell selection procedure failed to identify a cell offering normal service to the mobile device.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining comprises detecting the emergency call is originated during an attempt to restore an existing connection.
12. A wireless communications apparatus, comprising:
a memory that retains instructions related to communicating in an emergency call in progress over a connection via a first cell, detecting a radio link failure for the emergency call in the connection via the first cell, and reestablishing the connection for the emergency call via a second cell without considering whether the second cell could offer normal service to the wireless communications apparatus to continue the emergency call without releasing the emergency call; and
a processor, coupled to the memory, configured to execute the instructions retained in the memory.
13. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 12, wherein the instructions related to establishing comprise reestablishing the connection with a Radio Resource Control connection reestablishment procedure.
14. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 13, wherein the memory retains further instructions related to sending a reestablishment request message to a base station operating the second cell, the reestablishment request message including information that a reestablishment attempt is related to the emergency call and indicating the emergency call as a cause of the reestablishment request message.
15. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 12, wherein the instructions related to establishing comprise reestablishing the connection with a cell update procedure.
16. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 15, wherein the memory retains further instructions related to sending a cell update message to a base station operating the second cell, the cell update message including information that a reestablishment attempt is related to the emergency call and indicating the emergency call as a cause of the cell update message.
17. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 12, wherein the instructions related to establishing comprise considering the second cell as an acceptable cell.
18. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 17, wherein the memory retains further instructions related to identifying second the cell for reestablishment though a selection procedure performing cell selection across all available radio access technologies, and wherein the identifying is performed after a previous cell selection procedure failed to identify a cell offering normal service to a mobile device.
19. A wireless communications apparatus that recovers a connection associated with an emergency call on a mobile device, comprising:
means for communicating, using the mobile device, in an emergency call in progress over the connection via a first cell;
means for ascertaining a radio link failure has occurred for the emergency call in progress via the first cell; and
means for reestablishing the connection for the emergency call via a second cell without considering whether the second cell could offer normal service to the wireless communications apparatus to continue the emergency call without releasing the emergency call.
20. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 19, wherein the means for establishing comprises means for reestablishing the connection with a Radio Resource Control connection reestablishment procedure.
21. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 20, further comprising means for transmitting a reestablishment request message to a base station operating the second cell, wherein the reestablishment request message includes information that a reestablishment attempt is related to the emergency call and indicates the emergency call as a cause of the reestablishment request message.
22. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 19, wherein the means for establishing comprises means for reestablishing the connection with a cell update procedure.
23. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 22, further comprising means for sending a cell update message to a base station operating the second cell, wherein the cell update message includes information that a reestablishment attempt is related to the emergency call and indicates the emergency call as a cause of the cell update message.
24. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 19, wherein the means for establishing comprises means for considering the second cell as an acceptable cell.
25. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 24, further comprising means for identifying the second cell for reestablishment though a selection procedure performing cell selection across all available radio access technologies, wherein the means for identifying performs identification after a previous cell selection procedure failed to identify a cell offering normal service to the mobile device.
26. A non-transitory computer program product, comprising:
a computer-readable medium comprising:
a first set of codes for causing a computer to communicate, using a mobile device, in an emergency call in progress over a connection via a first cell;
a second set of codes for causing a computer to detect a radio link failure at the mobile device for the emergency call in progress via the first cell; and
a third set of codes for causing the computer to reestablish the connection for the emergency call via a second cell without considering whether the second cell could offer normal service to the mobile device to continue the emergency call without releasing the emergency call.
27. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 26, further comprising a fourth set of codes for causing the computer to transmit a reestablishment request message that indicates the emergency call as a cause of the reestablishment request message.
28. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 26, further comprising a fourth set of codes for causing the computer to transmit a cell update message that indicates the emergency call as a cause of the cell update message.
29. At least one processor configured to reestablish an emergency call, comprising:
a first module that communicates, using a mobile device, in an emergency call in progress over a connection via a first cell;
a second module that ascertains a radio link failure has occurred at the mobile device for the emergency call in progress via the first cell; and
a third module that reestablishes the connection for the emergency call via a second cell without considering whether the second cell could offer normal service to a wireless communications apparatus to continue the emergency call without releasing the emergency call.
30. The at least one processor of claim 29, further comprising a fourth module that transmits a reestablishment request message that indicates the emergency call as a cause of the reestablishment request message.
31. The at least one processor of claim 29, further comprising a fourth module that transmits a cell update message that indicates the emergency call as a cause of the cell update message.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A chemical toner composition comprising a polymer polymerized from starting ingredients comprising a resin monomer and a release agent monomer, wherein the chemical toner composition comprises particles having a volume average particle size distribution index of about 1.30 or less.
2. The chemical toner composition of claim 1, wherein the release agent monomer is selected from at least one of the following:
(a) an acrylic monomer having the formula:
wherein R1 is hydrogen or carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,
R2 is hydrogen, or methyl, or ethyl,
R3 is a methylene group wherein n is from about 15 to about 200, or R3 is an ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy group, or a propylene group, wherein n is from about 10 to about 100,
R4 is a methyl group, a hydroxyl group, or a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, and
(b) a styrenic monomer having the following formula:
wherein R1 is a hydrogen or a methyl group,
R2 is a hydrogen or a methyl group,
R3 is a methylene group, an oxygen, or a carbonyl group,
R4 is a methylene group or an oxygen,
R5 is a methylene group, n is from about 15 to about 200, or R5 is an ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy group or a propylene group wherein n is from about 10 to about 100,
R6 is a hydrogen, a methyl group, a hydroxyl group, or a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof.
3. The chemical toner composition of claim 1, wherein the chemical toner composition is substantially free of a non-covalently bonded release agent.
4. The chemical toner composition of claim 1, wherein the chemical toner composition comprises particles have a circularity ranging from about 0.930 to 1.000.
5. The chemical toner composition of claim 1, wherein the resin monomer comprises a styrene and an acrylate.
6. The chemical toner composition of claim 1, wherein the release agent monomer comprises an octadecylacrylate.
7. An emulsion aggregation toner composition comprising a polymer polymerized from starting ingredients comprising a resin monomer and a release agent monomer, wherein the emulsion aggregation toner composition comprises particles having a volume average particle size distribution index of about 1.30 or less.
8. The emulsion aggregation toner composition of claim 7, wherein the release agent monomer is selected from at least one of the following:
(a) an acrylic monomer having the formula:
wherein R1 is hydrogen or carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,
R2 is hydrogen, or methyl, or ethyl,
R3 is a methylene group wherein n is from about 15 to about 200, or R3 is an ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy group, or a propylene group, wherein n is from about 10 to about 100,
R4 is a methyl group, a hydroxyl group, or a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, and
(b) a styrenic monomer having the following formula:
wherein R1 is a hydrogen or a methyl group,
R2 is a hydrogen or a methyl group,
R3 is a methylene group, an oxygen, or a carbonyl group,
R4 is a methylene group or an oxygen,
R5 is a methylene group, n is from about 15 to about 200, or R5 is an ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy group or a propylene group wherein n is from about 10 to about 100,
R6 is a hydrogen, a methyl group, a hydroxyl group, or a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof.
9. The emulsion aggregation toner composition of claim 7, wherein the emulsion aggregation toner composition is substantially free of a non-covalently bonded release agent.
10. The emulsion aggregation toner composition of claim 7, wherein the emulsion aggregation toner composition comprises particles have a circularity ranging from about 0.930 to 1.000.
11. The emulsion aggregation toner composition of claim 7, wherein the resin monomer comprises a styrene and an acrylate.
12. The emulsion aggregation toner composition of claim 7, wherein the release agent monomer comprises an octadecylacrylate.
13. A process comprising:
(a) forming a dispersion comprising (i) a disperse phase including starting ingredients comprising a resin monomer and a release agent monomer; and (ii) a continuous phase including starting ingredients comprising water and a phase transport catalyst;
(b) polymerizing the resin monomer and the release agent monomer to result in a polymer;
(c) aggregating toner precursor materials comprising the polymer and a colorant to result in aggregated toner precursor materials; and
(d) coalescing the aggregated toner precursor materials to result in an emulsion aggregation toner composition comprising the colorant and the polymer.
14. The process of claim 13, wherein the phase transport catalyst is a cyclodextrin, a cyclodextrin derivative, or a mixture thereof.
15. The process of claim 13, wherein the release agent monomer is selected from at least one of the following:
(a) an acrylic monomer having the formula:
wherein R1 is hydrogen or carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,
R2 is hydrogen, or methyl, or ethyl,
R3 is a methylene group wherein n is from about 15 to about 200, or R3 is an ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy group, or a propylene group, wherein n is from about 10 to about 100,
R4 is a methyl group, a hydroxyl group, or a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, and
(b) a styrenic monomer having the following formula:
wherein R1 is a hydrogen or a methyl group,
R2 is a hydrogen or a methyl group,
R3 is a methylene group, an oxygen, or a carbonyl group,
R4 is a methylene group or an oxygen;
R5 is a methylene group, n is from about 15 to about 200, or R5 is an ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy group or a propylene group wherein n is from about 10 to about 100,
R6 is a hydrogen, a methyl group, a hydroxyl group, or a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof.
16. The process of claim 13, wherein the emulsion aggregation toner composition comprises particles having a volume average particle size distribution index of about 1.30 or less.
17. The process of claim 13, wherein the resin monomer comprises a styrene and an acrylate.
18. The process of claim 13, wherein the release agent monomer comprises an octadecylacrylate.