1. An acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure, which comprises:
a) 0.5 to 40 parts by weight (based on the weight of the total composition) of a seed comprising a copolymer of vinyl monomers and hydrophilic monomers, comprising:
on the basis of the weight of the seed monomers,
i) 65 to 99.4 parts by weight of vinyl monomers;
ii) 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of hydrophilic monomers; and
iii) 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of crosslinking monomers;
b) 50 to 89.5 parts by weight (based on the weight of the total composition) of a rubbery core surrounding the seed and consisting essentially of:
on the basis of the weight of the core monomers,
i) 95.0 to 99.9 parts by weight C2 to C8 alkyl acrylate; and
ii) 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight of crosslinking monomers; and
c) 10.0 to 49.5 parts by weight (based on the weight of the total composition) of a shell surrounding the a rubbery core and comprising:
on the basis of the weight of the shell monomers,
i) 95.0 to 99.9 parts by weight of C1 to C4 alkyl methacrylate; and
ii) 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight of crosslinking monomers.
2. The acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure according to claim 1, wherein the vinyl monomer of a)i) is selected from the group consisting of styrene, \u03b1-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, and 3,4-dichlorostyrene.
3. The acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic monomer of a) ii) is selected from the group consisting of ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, methacryl-based acid, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile.
4. The acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinking monomer of a) iii) is selected from the group consisting of divinylbenzene, 3-butanediol diacrylate, 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, trimethyloipropane triacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol diacrylate, and tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate.
5. The acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl acrylate of b) i) is selected from the group consisting of ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
6. The acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure according to claim 1, wherein the diene monomer of b) i) is 1,3-butadiene.
7. The acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinking monomers of b) ii) and c) ii) are selected from the group consisting of 3-butanediol diacrylate, 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol diacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, and divinylbenzene.
8. The acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure according to claim 1, wherein the shell of c) further comprises, on the basis of 100 parts by weight of the total shell monomers, 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a supplementary monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and styrene.
9. The acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure according to claim 1, wherein the rubber-like core has glass transition temperature of 250\xb0 C. or less.
10. The acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure according to claim 1, wherein the acryl impact-reinforcing agent has a latex particle size of 100 to 600 nm.
11. A method for preparing an acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure, which comprises the steps of:
a) conducting a crosslinking reaction of a monomer mixture comprising:
on the basis of the weight of seed monomers,
i) 65 to 99.4 parts by weight of vinyl monomers;
ii) 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of hydrophilic monomers; and
iii) 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of crosslinking monomers by emulsion polymerization to prepare a seed latex comprising a copolymer of vinyl monomers and hydrophilic monomers;
b) adding 50 to 89.5 parts by weight (based on the weight of core monomers) of a monomer mixture comprising:
on the basis of the weight of core monomers,
i) 95.0 to 99.0 parts by weight of C2 to C8 alkyl acrylate monomers; and
ii) 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight of crosslinking monomers to the seed latex comprising 0.5 to 40 parts by weight (based on the weight of total composition) of the copolymer of the step a), and conducting an emulsion polymerization to prepare a rubbery core latex; and
c) adding 10.0 to 49:5 parts by weight (based on the weight of total composition) of a monomer mixture comprising:
on the basis of the weight of shell monomers,
i) 85.0 to 99.4 parts by weight of C1 to C4 alkyl methacrylate; and
ii) 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight of crosslinking monomers to 50.5 to 90 parts by weight (based on the weight of total composition) of the rubbery core latex comprising the rubbery core of the step b), and conducting and emulsion graft polymerization to form a outer shell of the rubbery core.
12. The method for preparing an acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure according to claim 11, wherein the seed latex prepared in the step a) has particle size of 40 to 200nm.
13. The method for preparing an acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure according to claim 11, wherein in step b), an emulsion is
i) introduced by power feeding, which introduces the emulsion into a reactor while gradually increasing the content of a monomer having a higher glass transition temperature in the emulsion solution;
ii) simultaneously introduced;
iii) continuously introduced; or
iv) continuously introduced for 1 to 2 hours together with a solvent that dissolves the monomer.
14. The method for preparing an acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure according to claim 11, wherein the emulsion of the step c) further comprises, on the basis of 100 parts by weight of the total shell monomers, 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of supplementary monomers selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and styrene.
15. A thermoplastic resin comprising:
a. 80 to 99.5 parts by weight of a matrix resin selected from the group consisting of a polycarbonate resin, a polybutylene terephthalate resin, an alloy resin of polycarbonate and polybutylene terephthalate, and a polyvinyl chloride resin; and
b. 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of the acrylic impact modifier having a multilayered structure according to claim 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of operating a navigation system in a vehicle comprising:
invoking an off-road mode of the navigation system;
displaying a first off-road terrain on a display of the navigation system in a first instance;
displaying a first present location of the vehicle on the display;
inputting a first user-input off-road destination into the navigation system;
inputting a first user-input off-road waypoint into the navigation system;
displaying straight line trajectories between the start point, the first user-input off-road waypoint and the destination on a display of the navigation system; and
displaying a first real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs as the vehicle travels off-road.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
shifting on the display, each user-entered off-road waypoint to a closest on-screen breadcrumb of the first real-time path.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
shifting on the display, the user-entered destination to the closest on-screen breadcrumb.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
storing the first real-time path in a memory.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
displaying the first off-road terrain on the display of the navigation system in a second instance;
displaying a second present location of the vehicle on the display;
inputting the first user-input off-road destination into the navigation system in a second instance;
inputting a second user-input off-road waypoint into the navigation system;
displaying straight line trajectories between the a second present location of the vehicle, the second user-input off-road waypoint and the first destination on the display of the navigation system;
displaying a second real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs as the vehicle travels off-road;
shifting on the display, the second user-input off-road waypoint to the closest on-screen breadcrumb of the second real-time path;
shifting on the display, the first user-input off-road destination in a second instance, to the closest on-screen breadcrumb of the second real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs;
the first user-input off-road destination into the navigation system in a second instance; and
storing the second real-time path in a memory.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
selecting a maximum quantity of real-time paths to store in memory.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
deleting the oldest real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs from memory.
8. A method of operating a navigation system in a vehicle comprising:
invoking an off-road mode of the navigation system;
displaying a first off-road terrain on a display of the navigation system in a first instance;
displaying a first present location of the vehicle on the display;
inputting a first user-input off-road destination into the navigation system;
inputting a first user-input off-road waypoint into the navigation system;
displaying straight line trajectories between the start point, the first user-input off-road waypoint and the destination on a display of the navigation system;
displaying a first real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs as the vehicle travels off-road proximate the straight line trajectories;
calculating a first distance between the current vehicle position and the waypoint;
comparing the first distance between the current vehicle position and the waypoint to a first predetermined distance;
shifting, on the display, the first user-input off-road waypoint to an on-screen breadcrumb of the first real-time path when the on-screen breadcrumb of the first real-time path is within a predetermined distance of the first user-input off-road waypoint; and
displaying a new waypoint on the screen on the first real-time path when a vehicle engine is shut off.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
shifting on the display, the first user-input off-road destination to the closest on-screen breadcrumb of the first real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
storing the first real-time path in a memory of the navigation system.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
displaying the first off-road terrain on the display of the navigation system in a second instance;
displaying a second present location of the vehicle on the display;
inputting the first user-input off-road destination into the navigation system in a second instance;
inputting a second user-input off-road waypoint into the navigation system;
displaying straight line trajectories between the a second present location of the vehicle, the second user-input off-road waypoint and the first destination on the display of the navigation system;
displaying a second real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs as the vehicle travels off-road;
shifting on the display, the second user-input off-road waypoint to the closest on-screen breadcrumb of the second real-time path;
shifting on the display, the first user-input off-road destination in a second instance, to the closest on-screen breadcrumb of the second real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs;
the first user-input off-road destination into the navigation system in a second instance; and
storing the second real-time path in a memory.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
selecting a maximum quantity of real-time paths to store in memory.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
deleting the oldest real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs from memory.
14. A method of operating a navigation system in a vehicle comprising:
invoking an off-road mode of the navigation system;
displaying a first off-road terrain on a display of the navigation system in a first instance;
displaying a first present location of the vehicle on the display;
inputting a first user-input off-road destination into the navigation system;
displaying a first real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs as the vehicle travels off-road toward the first user-input off-road destination;
comparing the first real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs to a first stored off-road path of breadcrumbs having a same first user-input off-road destination; and
comparing the first real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs to a second stored off-road path of breadcrumbs having the same first user-input off-road destination.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein comparing the first real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs to a first stored off-road path of breadcrumbs having the same first user-input off-road destination further comprises:
calculating a first distance between a first breadcrumb of the first real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs and a first breadcrumb of the first stored off-road path of breadcrumbs;
calculating a second distance between a first breadcrumb of the first real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs and a first breadcrumb of the second stored off-road path of breadcrumbs;
determining whether the first distance or the second distance is a lower distance; and
displaying an entire stored off-road path to which the lower distance pertains.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
calculating a third distance between a second breadcrumb of the first real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs and a second breadcrumb of the first stored off-road path of breadcrumbs;
calculating a fourth distance between a second breadcrumb of the first real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs and a second breadcrumb of the second stored off-road path of breadcrumbs;
adding together the first distance and the third distance to arrive at a first stored off-road path summation;
adding together the second distance and the fourth distance to arrive at a second stored off-road path summation;
determining whether the first stored off-road path summation; or the second stored off-road path summation is a lower summation; and
displaying an entire stored off-road path to which the lower summation pertains.