1. A preservative system comprising:
(a) a first aqueous composition comprising a source of zinc selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide and soluble zinc salts; a source of borate selected from the group consisting of zinc borate, boric acid, boric oxide and water soluble borate salts; a source of ammonia; and water; wherein the composition comprises at least 50 wt % water; and
(b) a second aqueous composition, separate from the first composition, comprising an alkali metal silicate and water.
2. The preservative system according to claim 1, wherein the first and second compositions are essentially chloride ion free.
3. The preservative system according to claim 1, wherein the first and second compositions are essentially copper-free.
4. The preservative system according to claim 1, wherein the source of ammonia is ammonium hydroxide, the source of zinc is zinc chloride, the source of borate is sodium borate, and the alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate.
5. The preservative system according to claim 1, wherein the source of borate is disodium octaborate tetrahydrate and the alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate having an SiO2:Na2O weight ratio greater than 3:1.
6. The preservative system according to claim 1, wherein the first aqueous composition comprises from about 0.1 to about 1.0 weight percent boron, from about 0.2 to about 2.5 weight percent zinc, and from about 1 to about 5 weight percent ammonia, and wherein the second aqueous composition comprises between about 1 and about 10 wt % SiO2.
7. The preservative system according to claim 1, wherein zinc and boron are present in the first aqueous composition in a mole ratio Zn:B between about 0.4:1 and 5:1.
8. The preservative system according to claim 1, wherein zinc and boron are present in the first aqueous composition in a mole ratio Zn:B between about 1:1 and 3:1.
9. The preservative system according to claim 1, wherein zinc and boron are present in the first aqueous composition in a mole ratio Zn:B between about 1.5:1 and 2:1.
10. The preservative system according to claim 1, wherein silicon in the second aqueous composition and boron in the first aqueous composition are present in a mole ratio Si:B between about 0.2:1 and 0.3:1.
11. The preservative system according to claim 1, wherein ammonia and zinc are present in the first aqueous composition in a mole ratio NH3:Zn between about 7:1 and 33:1.
12. A preservative system consisting of:
(a) a first aqueous composition consisting essentially of a source of zinc selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide and soluble zinc salts; a source of borate selected from the group consisting of zinc borate, boric acid, boric oxide and water soluble borate salts; a source of ammonia; and water; wherein the composition is essentially copper-free and comprises at least 50 wt % water; and
(b) a second aqueous composition, separate from the first composition, consisting essentially of an alkali metal silicate and water.
13. The preservative system of claim 12, wherein the first and second compositions are essentially copper-free.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for providing an estimated operating range for a vehicle, the method comprising:
receiving, at a server remotely located from the vehicle, vehicle status data from the vehicle via a communication network;
accessing reference data derived from a source other than the vehicle;
receiving a map information coefficient from output of a first algorithm at a map server;
receiving a crowd-sourced data coefficient from output of a second algorithm at a crowd data server;
calculating an estimated range for the vehicle using the vehicle status data and the reference data, the estimated range being a distance available to be traveled by the vehicle before a next fuel stop or recharge is needed;
wherein the first and second algorithms being controlled independently from one another and the calculating comprises calculating the following formula:
estimated range=maximum available range of vehicle+(map information coefficient+crowd-sourced data coefficient)*maximum available range of vehicle;
and
sending the estimated range back to the vehicle for display to the driver.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference data includes information from a driver model.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference data includes driver-specific data.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference data includes information about other vehicles andor drivers.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference data includes map information.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference data includes traffic information.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference data includes weather information.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a vehicle data coefficient from output of a third algorithm at a car data server;
receiving a driver data coefficient from output of a fourth algorithm at a driver data server;
receiving a real-time data coefficient from output of a fifth algorithm at a real-time data server;
the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth algorithms being controlled independently from one another;
the calculating comprising calculating the following formula:
estimated range=maximum available range of vehicle+(map information coefficient+vehicle data coefficient+crowd-sourced data coefficient+driver data coefficient+real-time data coefficient)*maximum available range of vehicle.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the reference data includes weather information.
10. A cloud server comprising:
a processor;
memory;
an interface to a plurality of range estimation servers, each of the range estimation servers designed to calculate a range for a vehicle for a particular route based on identical vehicle status information received from a vehicle but different reference data for each range estimation server, wherein the reference data comprises a map information coefficient from output of a first algorithm at a map server and a crowd-sourced data coefficient from output of a second algorithm at a crowd data server, the first and second algorithms being controlled independently from one another;
an algorithm combination module designed to compute an estimated range for the vehicle based upon a combination of each of the calculated ranges from each of the plurality of range estimation servers, the estimated range being a distance available to be traveled by the vehicle before a next fuel stop or recharge is needed, wherein the computing comprises calculating the following formula:
estimated range=maximum available range of vehicle+(map information coefficient+crowd-sourced data coefficient)*maximum available range of vehicle;
and
a vehicle communication module designed to transmit the estimated range back to the vehicle for display to the driver.
11. The cloud server of claim 10, wherein at least one of the plurality of range estimation servers bases its calculated range on information received from other vehicles.
12. The cloud server of claim 10, wherein the estimated range is an estimated range of travel before recharging of the vehicle is necessary.
13. The cloud server of claim 10, wherein the estimated range is an estimated range of travel before refueling of the vehicle is necessary.
14. The cloud server of claim 10, wherein the estimated range provided by the algorithm combination module includes a plurality of ranges at different confidence levels.
15. The cloud server of claim 14, wherein the vehicle is designed to display the plurality of ranges as a heat map.
16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving, at a server remotely located from the vehicle, vehicle status data from the vehicle via a communication network;
accessing reference data derived from a source other than the vehicle;
receiving a map information coefficient from output of a first algorithm at a map server;
receiving a crowd-sourced data coefficient from output of a second algorithm at a crowd data server;
calculating an estimated range for the vehicle using the vehicle status data and the reference data, the estimated range being a distance available to be traveled by the vehicle before a next fuel stop or recharge is needed;
wherein the first and second algorithms being controlled independently from one another and the calculating comprises calculating the following formula: estimated range=maximum available range of vehicle+(map information coefficient+crowd-sourced data coefficient)*maximum available range of vehicle; and
sending the estimated range back to the vehicle for display to the driver.
17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the vehicle status information includes vehicle position.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the vehicle status information includes vehicle speed.
19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the vehicle status information includes air conditioning status.
20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the vehicle status information includes tire pressure.