1. A combustion chamber for combusting a combustible fluid mixture comprising:
a burner disposed on the combustion chamber;
a liner disposed in the combustion chamber; and
an outlet opening disposed on the combustion chamber,
wherein the liner comprises a plurality of liner elements which are elastically fixable to a combustion chamber casing by means of rail elements, he rail elements disposed on the combustion chamber side and projecting outward between two adjacently disposed liner elements.
2. The combustion chamber according to claim 1, wherein the liner element is secured by a fixing element on the outside of the rail element.
3. The combustion chamber according to claim 2, wherein the fixing element comprises a screw.
4. The combustion chamber according to claim 2, wherein the fixing element comprises a clamping spring.
5. The combustion chamber according to claim 1, wherein the rail element has a coating at least on the combustion chamber side.
6. The combustion chamber according to claim 1, wherein the rail element is cooled.
7. The combustion chamber according to the claim 1, wherein the rail element has liner-like lugs for securing the liner elements with openings for providing a fluidic connection between a coolant channel of the rail element and a coolant channel of the liner element.
8. The combustion chamber according to claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber has a closed-circuit cooling arrangement.
9. The combustion chamber according claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber is disposed in a gas turbine.
10. A method for cooling a combustion chamber according to claims 1, wherein a coolant flowing through the rail element flows at least partially in the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber in the direction of the liner element and is redirected in a channel of the liner element into or against the flow direction of the combustion chamber.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein air is used as the coolant.
12. A combustion chamber liner adapted for use within a gas turbine engine comprising a plurality of liner segments surrounding the combustion chamber, each liner segment having a liner element elastically fixable to the combustion chamber by a rail element that projects outward between two adjacently disposed liner elements.
13. The combuster chamber liner of according to claim 12, wherein the liner element is secured by a fixing element on the outside of the rail element.
14. The combustion chamber liner according to claim 12, wherien the fixing element comprises a screw.
15. The combustion chamber liner according to claim 12, wherein the fixing element comprises a clamping spring.
16. The combustion chamber liner according to claim 12 wherein the rail element has a coating at least on the combustion chamber side.
17. The combustion chamber liner according to claim 12 wherein the rail element is cooled.
18. The combustion chamber liner according to claim 12 wherein the combustion chamber has a closed-circuit cooling arrangement.
19. The combustion chamber liner according to claim 12 wherein the combustion chamber is disposed in a gas turbine.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of reducing a model database for use with a handwriting recognizer comprising the steps of:
(a) processing a plurality of models to form a model set that has a higher accuracy for character recognition, the model set having a first size, wherein the processing includes; (i) running a tuning set through a recognizer: (ii) forming an alternate list of best match models for each tuning sample within the tuning set; and (iii) generating respective errors lists for models within the model set, wherein each errors list indicates, for the errors list’s corresponding model, any error causing matches that are ranked higher in any of the alternate lists than the errors list’s corresponding model and wherein each errors list indicates, for the errors list’s corresponding model, any occurrences in the alternate lists where the errors list’s corresponding model is an error-causing match that is ranked higher than a correct match; and
(b) replacing at least one model from the model set with another model to form a revised model set, the revised model set having a second size smaller than the first size, wherein at least one of the alternate lists of best match models and the errors lists is used to select the another model so that a recognition accuracy of the revised model set is minimally adversely affected relative to the model set’s recognition accuracy.
2. The method of reducing a model database of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
(c) repeating the step of replacing until the second size of the revised model set reaches a desired size.
3. The method of reducing a model database of claim 1, wherein the step of processing comprises the steps of (i) selecting at least one active model for a character; (ii) determining a change in an error rate if the active model was changed to an alternate model; (iii) if the error rate is reduced, making the alternate model the active model.
4. The method of reducing a model database of claim 3, wherein the step of selecting is performed by random selection.
5. The method of reducing a model database of claim 3, wherein the step of selecting is performed by statistical analysis of the models.
6. The method of reducing a model database of claim 3, wherein the step of selecting is performed by selecting models that are largest in required-memory size.
7. The method of reducing a model database of claim 3, wherein step steps (i)\u2013(iii) of claim 5 are performed for each character to be recognized.
8. The method of reducing a model database of claim 3, wherein the alternate model of step (ii) of claim 5 is an empty model.
9. The method of reducing a model database of claim 3, wherein the alternate model of step (ii) of claim 5 is more than one model.
10. The method of reducing a model database of claim 3, further comprising the step of (iv) repeating steps (ii) and (iii) of claim 5 for each character to be recognized until the error rate has been improved.
11. The method of reducing a model database of claim 3, further comprising the step of (iv) repeating steps (ii) and (iii) of claim 3 for each character to be recognized until the error rate is minimized.
12. A method of optimizing a model database for use with a handwriting recognizer comprising the steps of:
(a) selecting at least one active model for a character;
(b) determining a change in an error rate if the active model was changed to an alternate model by: (i) running a tuning set through a recognizer (ii) forming an alternate list of best match models for each tuning sample within the tuning set; and (iii) generating respective errors lists for models within the model set, wherein each errors list indicates, for the errors list’s corresponding model, any error causing matches that are ranked higher in any of the alternate lists than the errors list’s corresponding model and wherein each errors list indicates, for the errors list’s corresponding model, any occurrences in the alternate lists where the errors list’s corresponding model is an error-causing match that is ranked higher than a correct match;
(c) making the alternate model the active model if the error rate is reduced, wherein at least one of the alternate lists of best match models and the errors lists is used to determine whether the error rate is reduced; and
(d) repeating the steps of determining and making for each character to be recognized until an error rate is minimized.
13. The method of optimizing a model database of claim 12, wherein the step of repeating is performed until an error rate reaches an absolute minimum.
14. The method of optimizing a model database of claim 12, wherein the step of repeating is performed until an error rate is below a predetermined threshold.
15. The method of optimizing a model database of claim 12, wherein the step of selecting includes the step of selecting an empty model for the character.
16. A method of reducing a model database for use with a handwriting recognizer comprising the steps of:
(a) selecting at least one active model for a character;
(b) determining a change in an error rate if the active model was changed to an alternate model by; (i) running a tuning set through a recognizer; (ii) forming an alternate list of best match models for each tuning sample within the tunings set; and (iii) generating respective errors lists for models within a model set, wherein each errors list indicates, for the errors list’s corresponding model, any error causing matches that are ranked higher in any of the alternate lists than the errors list’s corresponding model and wherein each errors list indicates, for the errors list’s corresponding model, any occurrences in the alternate lists where the errors list’s corresponding model is an error-causing match that is ranked higher than a correct match;
(a) making the alternate model the active model if the error rate is reduced;
(d) repeating the steps of determining and making for each character to be recognized until an error rate is minimized, thereby forming a model set having a first size;
(e) replacing at least one model from the model set with another model to form a revised model set, the revised model set having a second size smaller than the first size, wherein at least one of the alternate lists of best matches and the errors lists is used to select the another model so that a recognition accuracy of the revised model set is minimally adversely affected relative to the model set’s recognition accuracy; and
(f) repeating the step of replacing until the second size of the revised model set reaches a desired size.
17. The method of reducing a model database of claim 16, wherein the step of selecting includes the step of selecting an empty model for the character.
18. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing the steps recited in claim 16.
19. A computer-readable medium having a model database for use with a handwriting recognizer, wherein the model database was generated by the process recited in claim 16.
20. A system for reducing a model database comprising in combination:
(a) a tuning set;
(b) a model database; and
(c) a model processor having computer-executable instructions for performing the steps of:
(i) processing a plurality of models to form a model set that has a higher accuracy for character recognition, the model set having a first size, wherein the processing includes:
(i) running a tuning set through a recognizer; (ii) forming an alternate list of best match models for each tuning sample within the tuning set; and (iii) generating respective errors lists for models within the model set, wherein each errors list indicates, for the errors list’s corresponding model, any error causing matches that are ranked higher in any of the alternate lists than the errors list’s corresponding model and wherein each errors list indicates, for the errors list’s corresponding model, any occurrences in the alternate lists where the errors list’s corresponding model is an error-causing match that is ranked higher than a correct match; and (ii) replacing at least one model from the model set with another model to form a revised model set, the revised model set having a second size smaller than the first size, wherein at least one of the alternate lists of best match models and the errors lists is used to select the another model so that a recognition accuracy of the revised model set is minimally adversely affected relative to the mode set’s recognition accuracy.
21. The system for reducing a model database of claim 20, wherein the model database comprises a plurality of models, wherein each character has at least one associated model.
22. The system for reducing a model database of claim 21, wherein the character comprises at least one letter.
23. The system for reducing a model database of claim 20, wherein the character comprises at least one symbol.
24. The system for reducing a model database of claim 20, wherein the character comprises at least one shape.
25. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing the steps recited in claim 1.
26. A computer-readable medium having a model database for use with a handwriting recognizer, wherein the model database was generated by the process recited in claim 1.
27. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing the steps recited in claim 12.
28. A computer-readable medium having a model database for use with a handwriting recognizer, wherein the model database was generated by the process recited in claim 12.