1. A transdermal delivery device comprising at least one re-sealable injection port and at least one local anesthetic reservoir for delivering the anesthetic to the skin of a subject, wherein the at least one local anesthetic reservoir surrounds the at least one re-sealable injection port, and the re-sealable injection port is separated from the local anesthetic reservoir by an impermeable substrate.
2. The transdermal delivery device of claim 1, wherein the device further comprises at least one re-sealable refill port for refilling the local anesthetic reservoir.
3. The transdermal delivery separated from the local anesthetic reservoir of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a first side and second side, wherein the first side comprises an impermeable material surrounding the injection port, the second side comprises a permeable or semi-permeable material, wherein the impermeable material of the first side and the permeable or semi-permeable material of the second side forms the local anesthetic reservoir, and the permeable or semi-permeable material permits the diffusion of the local anesthetic from the local anesthetic reservoir.
4. The transdermal delivery device of claim 3, wherein the periphery of the permeable or semi-permeable material on the second side is surrounded by a second impermeable material.
5. The transdermal delivery device of claim 4, wherein an adhesive is present on the surface of the second impermeable material.
6. The transdermal delivery device of claim 3, wherein one or more re-sealable refill ports are present on the first side of the device.
7. The transdermal delivery device of claim 3, wherein the device comprises two or more injection ports.
8. The transdermal delivery device of claim 1, wherein the local anesthetic comprises an ester based local anesthetic, an amide based local anesthetic, or a combination thereof.
9. The transdermal delivery device of claim 8, wherein the amide based local anesthetic comprises articaine, bupivacaine, dibucaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, ropivacaine, or any combination thereof.
10. The transdermal delivery device of claim 8, wherein the amide based local anesthetic comprises lidocaine, prilocaine, or a combination thereof.
11. The transdermal delivery device of claim 10, wherein when lidocaine and prilocaine are present, they are present in at least a ratio of 2:1 by weight.
12. The transdermal delivery device of claim 8, wherein the ester based local anesthetic comprises benzocaine, chloroprocaine, proparacaine, tetracaine, or any combination thereof.
13. The transdermal delivery device of claim 1, wherein an antiseptic agent is coated on at least one surface of the at least one re-sealable injection port.
14. The transdermal delivery device of claim 1, wherein an antiseptic agent is coated on both surfaces of the at least one re-sealable injection port.
15. The transdermal delivery device of claim 13, wherein the antiseptic agent, comprises an alcohol, a quaternary ammonium compounds comprising benzalkonium chloride, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, boric acid, chlorhexidine gluconate, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, mercurochrome, octenidine dihydrochloride, sodium chloride, sodium hypochlorite, silver nitrate, or any combination thereof.
16. The transdermal delivery device of claim 1, wherein the device further comprises one or more therapeutic agents admixed with the local anesthetic.
17. The transdermal delivery device of claim 16, wherein the therapeutic agent comprises a vasoconstrictor, a skin permeability enhancer, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antihistamine, or any combination thereof.
18. The transdermal delivery device of claim 17, wherein the vasoconstrictor comprises phenylephrine, ephedrine sulfate, epinephrine, naphazoline, neosynephrine, vasoxyl, oxymetazoline, or any combination thereof.
19. The transdermal delivery device of claim 17, wherein the skin permeability enhancer comprises dimethyl sulfoxide, lecithin, decyl methyl sulfoxide, dodecyl dimethyl phosphine oxide, octyl methyl sulfoxide, nonyl methyl sulfoxide, undecyl methyl sulfoxide, lauryl alcohol, diisopropyl sebacate, oleyl alcohol, diethyl sebacate, dioctyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, hexyl laurate, ethyl caprate, butyl stearate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl adipate, propylene glycol dipelargonate, ethyl laurate, butyl laurate, ethyl myristate, butyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl isostearate, 2-ethylhexyl pelargonate, butyl benzoate, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, dibutyl phthalate, or any combination thereof.
20. The transdermal delivery device of claim 17, wherein the anti-inflammatory agent comprises celecoxib, meloxicam, nabumetone, piroxicam, naproxen, oxaprozin, rofecoxib, sulindac, ketoprofen, valdecoxib, or any combination thereof.
21. The transdermal delivery device of claim 1, further comprising a short acting anesthetic, a long acting anesthetic, or any combination thereof having a predetermined volume.
22. A method for reducing or eliminating pain associated with a syringe, needle stick, or lancet stick comprising (a) applying the transdermal delivery device of claim 1 on the surface of the skin of a subject for a sufficient time to numb the skin, and (b) inserting the syringe, needle stick, or lancet stick in the resealable injection port.
23. A method for reducing or eliminating pain comprising applying the transdermal delivery device of claim 1 to the skin wherein the skin is bruised, cut, irritated by poison ivy or insect stings and bites or localized skin diseases, or affected by allergic reactions without using the injection port.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor comprising the steps of:
adhering particles made of conductive polymer or aggregates made of conductive polymer onto an anode element by bringing a dispersion in which said particles made of conductive polymer or said aggregates made of conductive polymer are dispersed in the first solvent into contact with said anode element having a dielectric layer formed thereon;
bringing a second solvent which disperses said particles made of conductive polymer or said aggregates made of conductive polymer into contact with said particles made of conductive polymer adhered onto said anode element or said aggregates made of conductive polymer adhered onto said anode element;
removing at least one part of said first solvent, said second solvent, or said first solvent and said second solvent after said second solvent is brought into contact with said particles made of conductive polymer or said aggregates made of conductive polymer.
2. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein
in said step of adhering said particles made of conductive polymer or said aggregates made of conductive polymer onto said anode element, at least one part of said first solvent is removed after said dispersion is brought in contact with said anode element having said dielectric layer formed thereon.
3. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein
said second solvent is brought into contact with said particles made of conductive polymer or said aggregates made of conductive polymer without removing said first solvent.
4. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein
said step of adhering said particles made of said conductive polymer or said aggregates made of said conductive polymer onto said anode element is repeated a plurality of times, and the step of bringing said second solvent into contact with said particles made of conductive polymer or said aggregates made of conductive polymer is performed at least once in between the repeated steps.
5. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein
said first solvent is water or a solvent mixture mainly composed of water.
6. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein
the boiling point of said second solvent is higher than the boiling point of the first solvent.
7. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 2, wherein
the boiling point of said second solvent is higher than the boiling point of said first solvent.
8. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 3, wherein
the boiling point of said second solvent is higher than the boiling point of said first solvent.
9. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein
said second solvent has miscibility with said first solvent.
10. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 2, wherein
said second solvent has miscibility with said first solvent.
11. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 3, wherein
said second solvent has miscibility with said first solvent.
12. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein
said second solvent has viscosity not higher than 100 mPa\xb7s.
13. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 2, wherein
said second solvent has viscosity not higher than 100 mPa\xb7s.
14. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 3, wherein
said second solvent has viscosity not higher than 100 mPa\xb7s.
15. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein
said second solvent contains at least one of \u03b3-butyrolactone, \u03b3-valerolactone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-propylene, 2-ethoxyethanol, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, propylene oxide, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether.
16. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 2, wherein
said second solvent contains at least one of \u03b3-butyrolactone, \u03b3-valerolactone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-propylene, 2-ethoxyethanol, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, propylene oxide, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether.
17. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 3, wherein
said second solvent contains at least one of \u03b3-butyrolactone, \u03b3-valerolactone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-propylene, 2-ethoxyethanol, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, propylene oxide, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether.
18. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein
said conductive polymer contains at least one of polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyfuran, and polyaniline, and a derivative thereof.
19. The method of manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein
said conductive polymer contains polyethylenedioxythiophene and polystyrene sulfonate.