1. A method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite comprising:
1) preparing a polymer nanocomposite additive by means of a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) and the addition of solvents;
2) introducing and mixing the polymer nanocomposite with the asphalt base in order to form the modified asphalt composition.
2. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation stage of the polymer nanocomposite, the styrene-butadiene-styrene polymer is in the form of pellets or crumbs, and the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNT) are functionalized.
3. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 2, wherein the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNT) are functionalized with functional groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups, MWCNT-OH, with carboxylic acid groups, MWCNT-COOH, with amino groups, MWCNT-amine, phenol, MWCNT-phenol, and alkyl groups.
4. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 3, wherein the SBS polymer and the functionalized nanotubes are dissolved separately by means of one or more solvents.
5. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 4, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of xylenes, toluene, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, cydohexane, ethanol, methanol, propanol, dimethylformamide, and combinations thereof, with a solventpolymer weight ratio between 1 and 20 and with a solventMMWCNT weight ratio between 10 and 10,000.
6. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 5, wherein the functionalized nanotubes MMWCNT are dispersed in the solvent by application of ultrasound for a period not greater than 24 hours.
7. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 6, wherein the multi-walled carbon nanotubes have a diameter between 5-50 nm and a length between 1-30 \u03bcm.
8. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 7, wherein the SBS polymer solution and the dispersion of nanotubes MMWCNT are mixed and homogenized by ultrasound andor mechanical stirring, for a period not greater than 4 hours.
9. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 8, wherein the solutions prepared from SBS and MMWCNT are mixed by means of ultrasound and mechanical stirring until they are homogenized.
10. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 9, wherein the solvent is evaporated from the homogenized solution by means of a rotary evaporator, a dryer, an evaporator, a vacuum distillation system or any other means that allows the evaporation of the solvent until the solution becomes viscous.
11. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 10, wherein the homogeneous viscous solution of SBSMMWCNT is poured onto plates, metal strips or conveyor belts of glass or any material that is chemically stable with respect to the employed solvent, and the latter are fed into a vacuum furnace or convection furnace at a temperature between 30\xb0 C.-100\xb0 C. so as to evaporate the remaining solvent and produce the dry sheets of SBSMMWCNT polymer nanocomposite.
12. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 11, wherein the sheets of SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite are cut to a maximum size of 0.2 cm-4 cm.
13. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SBSMMWCNT polymer nanocomposite is introduced and mixed with the asphalt base.
14. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 13, wherein the asphalt base is heated at a temperature between 100\xb0 C. and 200\xb0 C. until it becomes fluid, following which the pieces of SBSMWCNT nanocomposite are added.
15. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 14, wherein the mix of bitumen base and the polymer nanocomposite is homogenized by means of mechanical stirring for a period between 0.5 and 7 hours.
16. The method for preparing asphalt modified with SBSMMWCNT nanocomposite as claimed in claim 15, wherein the concentration of polymer nanocomposite in the asphalt base is between 3-7%.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A photoresist composition comprising:
a fluorine-containing polymer prepared from at least
(A) a spacer group selected from the group consisting CH2\u2550CH2, alpha-olefins, 1,1\u2032-disubstituted olefins, vinyl alcohols, vinyl ethers, and 1,3-dienes; and
(B) a repeat unit derived from a monomer having the following structure:
wherein each of R1, R2, R3, and R4 independently is hydrogen, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted hydrocarbon group, an alkoxy group, a carboxylic acid, a carboxylic ester or a functional group containing the structure:
\u2014C(Rf)(Rf\u2032)ORb
wherein Rf and Rf\u2032 are the same or different fluoroalkyl groups of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or taken together are (CR2)n wherein n is 2 to 10; Rb is hydrogen or an acid- or base-labile protecting group; r is 0-4; at least one of the repeat units (B) has a structure whereby at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 contains the structure C(Rf)(Rf\u2032)ORb, and
(b) at least one photoactive component,
wherein the fluorine-containing polymer has an absorption coefficient of less than 4.0 \u03bcm\u22121 at a wavelength of 157 nm, and wherein the photoactive component is chemically bonded to the fluorine-containing polymer.
2. A process for preparing a photoresist image on a substrate comprising, in order:
(X) imagewise exposing the photoresist layer to form imaged and non-imaged areas wherein the photoresist layer is prepared from a photoresist composition comprising;
(a) a fluorine-containing polymer prepared from at least
(A) a spacer group selected from the group consisting of CH2\u2550CH2, alpha-olefins, 1,1\u2032-disubstituted olefins, vinyl, alcohols, vinyl ethers, and 1,3-dienes; and
(B) a repeat unit derived from a monomer having the following structure:
wherein each of R1, R2, R3, and R 4 independently is hydrogen, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted hydrocarbon group, an alkoxy group, a carboxylic acid, a carboxylic ester or a functional group containing the structure:
\u2212C(Rf)(Rf\u2032)ORb
wherein Rf and Rf\u2032 are the same or different fluoroalkcyl groups of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or taken together are (CF7) wherein n is 2 to 10; Rb is hydrogen or an acid- or base-labile protecting group; r is 0-4; at least one of the repeat units (B) has a structure
whereby at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 contains the structure C(Rf)(Rf\u2032)ORb; and
(b) at least one photoactive component wherein the fluorine-containing polymer has an absorption coefficient of less than 4.0 \u03bcm\u22121 at a wavelength of 157 nm; and
(Y) developing the exposed photoresist layer having imaged and non-imaged areas to form the relief image on the substrate,
wherein the photoactive component is chemically bonded to the fluorine-containing polymer.