1. A photographing optical lens system comprising, in order from an object side to an image side:
a first lens element with positive refractive power having a convex object-side surface;
second lens element with negative refractive power;
a third lens element with refractive power;
a fourth lens element with positive refractive power having a convex image-side surface; and
a fifth lens element with refractive power having a concave image-side surface, wherein an object-side surface and the image-side surface of the fifth lens element are aspheric, and the fifth lens element has at least one inflection point formed on at least one of the object-side surface and the image-side surface thereof;
wherein an axial distance between the first lens element and the second lens element is T12, an axial distance between the second lens element and the third lens element is T23, an axial distance between the third lens element and the fourth lens element is T34, a focal length of the photographing optical lens system is f, a focal length of the fourth lens element is f4, and the following relationships are satisfied:
1.2<(T12f)\xd710<5.0;
0.0<(T23+T34)T12<1.0; and
0.3<ff4<3.5.
2. The photographing optical lens system of claim 1, wherein the fifth lens element has negative refractive power.
3. The photographing optical lens system of claim 2, wherein the axial distance between the first lens element and the second lens element is T12, a central thickness of the second lens element is CT2, and the following relationship is satisfied:
2.0<T12CT2<8.0.
4. The photographing optical lens system of claim 3, wherein an Abbe number of the first lens element is V1, an Abbe number of the second lens element is V2, and the following relationship is satisfied:
25<V1\u2212V2<45.
5. The photographing optical lens system of claim 4, wherein a focal length of the first lens element is f1, a focal length of the fifth lens element is f5, and the following relationship is satisfied:
\u22120.6<f5f1<\u22120.2.
6. The photographing optical lens system of claim 3, wherein the third lens element has a convex object-side surface and a concave image-side surface.
7. The photographing optical lens system of claim 3, wherein an axial distance between the fourth lens element and the fifth lens element is T45, a central thickness of the fourth lens element is CT4, and the following relationship is satisfied:
0.02<T45CT4<0.30.
8. The photographing optical lens system of claim 3, wherein the focal length of the photographing optical lens system is f, the focal length of the fourth lens element is f4, and the following relationship is satisfied:
1.5<ff4<3.0.
9. The photographing optical lens system of claim 2, wherein the axial distance between the first lens element and the second lens element is T12, the focal length of the photographing optical lens system is f, and the following relationship is satisfied:
1.5<(T12f)\xd710<5.0.
10. The photographing optical lens system of claim 9, wherein the third lens element has positive refractive power.
11. The photographing optical lens system of claim 9, wherein the second lens element has a concave image-side surface.
12. The photographing optical lens system of claim 9, further comprising:
a shutter located between the first lens element and the second lens element.
13. The photographing optical lens system of claim 9, wherein an axial distance between the object-side surface of the first lens element and the image plane is TTL, a maximum image height of the photographing optical lens system is ImgH, and the following relationship is satisfied:
TTLImgH<2.5.
14. A photographing optical lens system comprising, in order from object side to an image side:
a first lens element with positive refractive power having a convex object-side surface;
a second lens element with refractive power;
a third lens element with refractive power, wherein an object-side surface and an image-side surface of the third lens element are aspheric;
a fourth lens element with positive refractive power having a convex image-side surface, wherein an object-side surface and the image-side surface of the fourth lens element are aspheric; and
a fifth lens element with negative refractive power having a concave image-side surface, wherein an object-side surface and the image-side surface of the fifth lens element are aspheric, and the fifth lens element has at least one inflection point formed on at least one of the object-side surface and the image-side surface thereof;
wherein an axial distance between the first lens element and the second lens element is T12, a focal length of the photographing optical lens system is f, a focal length of the fourth lens element is f4, and the following relationships are satisfied:
1.5<(T12f)\xd710<5.0; and
0.3<ff4<3.5.
15. The photographing optical lens system of claim 14, wherein the second lens element has negative refractive power.
16. The photographing optical lens system of claim 15, wherein the axial distance between the first lens element and the second lens element is T12, a central thickness of the second lens element is CT2, and the following relationship is satisfied:
2.0<T12CT2<8.0.
17. The photographing optical lens system of claim 16, wherein the third lens element has positive refractive power.
18. The photographing optical lens system of claim 15, wherein the third lens element has a convex object-side surface and a concave image-side surface.
19. The photographing optical lens system of claim 15, wherein a focal length of the first lens element is f1, a focal length of the fifth lens element is f5, and the following relationship is satisfied:
\u22120.6<f5f1<\u22120.2.
20. A photographing optical lens system comprising, in order from an object side to an image side:
a first lens element with positive refractive power having a convex object-side surface;
a second lens element with refractive power;
a third lens element with refractive power, wherein an object-side surface and an image-side surface of the third lens element are aspheric;
a fourth lens element with refractive power, wherein an object-side surface and an image-side surface of the fourth lens element are aspheric; and
a fifth lens element with negative refractive power having a concave image-side surface, wherein an object-side surface and the image-side surface of the fifth lens element are aspheric, and the fifth lens element has at least one inflection point formed on at least one of the object-side surface and the image-side surface thereof;
wherein the photographing optical lens system further comprises a shutter located between the first lens element and the second lens element, an axial distance between the first lens element and the second lens element is T12, a focal length of the photographing optical lens system is f, and the following relationship is satisfied:
1.2<(T12f)\xd710<5.0.
21. The photographing optical lens system of claim 20, wherein the second lens element has negative refractive power.
22. The photographing optical lens system of claim 21, wherein the fourth lens element has a convex image-side surface.
23. The photographing optical lens system of claim 22, wherein an axial distance between the object-side surface of the first lens element and the image plane is TTL, and the following relationship is satisfied:
2.5 mm<TTL<9.5 mm.
24. The photographing optical lens system of claim 22, wherein the axial to distance between the first lens element and the second lens element is T12, a central thickness of the second lens element is CT2, and the following relationship is satisfied:
2.0<T12CT2<8.0.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus for parallel grinding of materials, the apparatus comprising
four or more spatially discrete apertures or wells arranged in a generally planar array, each of the four or more apertures or wells defining a grinding zone having an interior grinding surface,
grinding balls adapted for impacting motion within the four or more grinding zones and being adapted for grinding materials residing in one of the four or more grinding zones,
one or more primary sieves defining at least a portion of the interior grinding surface for each of the four or more grinding zones, the one or more primary sieves being adapted to simultaneously sieve each of the four or more materials as they are being ground, such that for each of the four or more materials, smaller, primary-sieved particles pass through the primary sieve whereas larger, unsieved particles are retained in the grinding zone for further grinding, and
wherein the grinding zones are in a grinder body and said apertures or wells have vertical longitudinal axes and extend generally vertically down from an upper surface of the grinder body.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a sieve body comprising four or more spatially discrete apertures corresponding in spatial arrangement to the four or more apertures or wells of the grinder body, each of the four or more apertures of the sieve body having an inlet end adapted to receive primary-sieved particles passing through the primary sieve, and an opposing outlet end.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the one or more primary sieves comprise four or more separate, individual primary sieves.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a cover plate on said grinder body extending over said apertures or wells.
5. An apparatus for parallel grinding of materials, the apparatus comprising
four or more spatially discrete apertures or wells, each of the four or more apertures or wells defining a grinding zone having an interior grinding surface,
grinding balls adapted for impacting motion within the four or more grinding zones and being adapted for grinding materials residing in one of the four or more grinding zones,
one or more primary sieves defining at least a portion of the interior grinding surface for each of the four or more grinding zones, the one or more primary sieves being adapted to simultaneously sieve each of the four or more materials as they are being ground, such that for each of the four or more materials, smaller, primary-sieved particles pass through the primary sieve whereas larger, unsieved particles are retained in the grinding zone for further grinding,
a sieve body comprising four or more spatially discrete apertures corresponding in spatial arrangement to the four or more apertures or wells of the grinder body, each of the four or more apertures of the sieve body having an inlet end adapted to receive primary-sieved particles passing through the primary sieve, and an opposing outlet end, and
one or more second secondary sieves situated substantially at the outlet end of each of the four or more apertures of the sieve body, the one or more secondary sieves being adapted to simultaneously sieve the primary-sieved particles of each of the four or more materials, such that for each of the four or more materials, smaller secondary-sieved particles pass through the secondary sieve whereas larger primary-sieved particles are retained by the secondary sieve,
the one or more primary sieves having a mesh size that is larger than a mesh size of the one or more secondary sieves, such that primary fractions of each of the four or more materials can be formed in the apparatus, the primary fractions having a particle size distribution substantially ranging from about the mesh size of the secondary sieve to about the mesh size of the primary sieve.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the one or more secondary sieves comprise four or more separate, individual secondary sieves.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the one or more secondary sieves comprise a unitary secondary sieve having at least two discrete sieving regions.
8. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the one or more secondary sieves comprise a unitary secondary sieve having four or more discrete sieving regions.
9. An apparatus for parallel grinding of materials, the apparatus comprising
four or more spatially discrete apertures or wells, each of the four or more apertures or wells defining a grinding zone having an interior grinding surface,
grinding balls adapted for impacting motion within the four or more grinding zones and being adapted for grinding materials residing in one of the four or more grinding zones,
one or more primary sieves defining at least a portion of the interior grinding surface for each of the four or more grinding zones, the one or more primary sieves being adapted to simultaneously sieve each of the four or more materials as they are being ground, such that for each of the four or more materials, smaller, primary-sieved particles pass through the primary sieve whereas larger, unsieved particles are retained in the grinding zone for further grinding, and
wherein the one or more primary sieves comprise a unitary primary sieve having at least two discrete sieving regions.
10. An apparatus for parallel grinding of materials, the apparatus comprising
four or more spatially discrete apertures or wells, each of the four or more apertures or wells defining a grinding zone having an interior grinding surface,
grinding balls adapted for impacting motion within the four or more grinding zones and being adapted for grinding materials residing in one of the four or more grinding zones,
one or more primary sieves defining at least a portion of the interior grinding surface for each of the four or more grinding zones, the one or more primary sieves being adapted to simultaneously sieve each of the four or more materials as they are being ground, such that for each of the four or more materials, smaller, primary-sieved particles pass through the primary sieve whereas larger, unsieved particles are retained in the grinding zone for further grinding, and
wherein the one or more primary sieves comprise a unitary primary sieve having four or more discrete sieving regions.
11. An apparatus for parallel crushing of materials, the apparatus comprising
a crusher body comprising four or more spatially discrete apertures or wells arranged in a generally planar array, each of the four or more apertures or wells defining a crushing zone having an interior crushing surface,
milling balls within each of the four or more crushing zones, the milling balls being adapted for crushing materials residing in the crushing zone,
one or more primary sieves defining at least a portion of the interior crushing surface for each of the four or more crushing zones, the one or more primary sieves being adapted to simultaneously sieve each of the four or more materials as they are being crushed or intermittently between repeated crushing steps, such that for each of the four or more materials, smaller, primary-sieved particles pass through the primary sieve whereas larger, unsieved particles are retained in the crushing zone for further crushing, and
wherein said apertures or wells have vertical longitudinal axes and extend generally vertically down from an upper surface of the crusher body.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 further comprising a substrate on said crusher body extending over said apertures or wells.