1. A lighting system, comprising:
a receptacle for a light source disposed on a light fixture and coupling to a first power source;
an electroluminescent panel disposed adjacent the light fixture and coupling to the first power source; and
circuitry illuminating the electroluminescent panel with power from the first power source when the receptacle for the light source is disconnected from the first power source.
2. The system of claim 1, comprising a shade disposed on the light fixture adjacent the receptacle, wherein the electroluminescent panel is disposed on the shade.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the electroluminescent panel is disposed on an inside surface or an outside surface of the shade.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the electroluminescent panel is disposed on a ceiling tile.
5. The system of claim 1, comprising a reflective surface disposed on the light fixture adjacent the receptacle, wherein the electroluminescent panel is disposed on the reflective surface.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the receptacle is adapted to receive the light source selected from the group consisting of a fluorescent light, an incandescent light, a compact fluorescent light, a light emitting diode, and a halogen light.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the receptacle is adapted to receive a fluorescent light as the light source, and wherein the circuitry comprises first power circuitry having a ballast regulating alternating current power from the first power source.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry comprises second power circuitry illuminating the electroluminescent panel with alternating current power adapted from the first power source.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry comprises a controller having first and second states, the controller in the first state connecting the receptacle to the first power source and disconnecting the electroluminescent panel from the first power source, the controller in the second state disconnecting the receptacle from the first power source and connecting the electroluminescent panel to the first power source.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the controller comprises a switch disposed on the light fixture.
11. A lighting system, comprising:
a receptacle for a light source disposed on a light fixture and coupling to a first power source;
an electroluminescent panel disposed adjacent the light fixture and coupling to a second power source; and
circuitry illuminating the electroluminescent panel with power from the second power source during a failure of the first power source.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the circuitry powers the electroluminescent panel with power from a direct current source as the second power source during the failure of the first power source.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first power source is an alternating current power source.
14. The system of claim 11, comprising a shade disposed on the light fixture adjacent the receptacle, wherein the electroluminescent panel is disposed on the shade.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the electroluminescent panel is disposed on an inside surface or an outside surface of the shade.
16. The system of claim 11, wherein the electroluminescent panel is disposed on ceiling tile.
17. The system of claim 11, comprising a reflective surface disposed on the light fixture adjacent the receptacle, wherein the electroluminescent panel is disposed on the reflective surface.
18. The system of claim 11, wherein the receptacle is adapted to receive the light source selected from the group consisting of a fluorescent light, an incandescent light, a compact fluorescent light, a light emitting diode, and a halogen light.
19. The system of claim 11, wherein the receptacle is adapted to receive a fluorescent light as the light source, and wherein the circuitry comprises first power circuitry having a ballast regulating alternating current from the first power source.
20. The system of claim 11, wherein the circuitry comprises second power circuitry illuminating the electroluminescent panel with alternating current power adapted from the second power source.
21. The system of claim 11, wherein the circuitry comprises a controller having first and second states, the controller in the first state disconnecting the electroluminescent panel from the second power source, the controller in the second state connecting the electroluminescent panel to the second power source.
22. The system of claim 21, wherein the controller in the first state connects the electroluminescent panel to the first power source when the receptacle is disconnected from the first power source and disconnects the electroluminescent panel from the first power source when the receptacle is connected to the first power source.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein the controller decreases brilliance of the electroluminescent panel when the controller in the first state connects the electroluminescent panel to the first power source.
24. The system of claim 21, wherein the controller increases brilliance of the electroluminescent panel when the controller in the second state connects the electroluminescent panel to the second power source.
25. The system of claim 24, wherein to increase the brilliance of the electroluminescent panel, the controller adjusts a voltage, a rise time of a waveform, or a frequency of a waveform used to power the electroluminescent panel.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of initiating polymerization comprising:
contacting a polymerizable composition with a substrate, the polymerizable composition comprising one or more 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds; and
passing an electrical charge through the polymerizable composition to initiate polymerization; and
wherein the polymerizable composition undergoes living anionic polymerization after polymerization is initiated.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds are selected from the group consisting of methylene malonates, methylene \u03b2-ketoesters, methylene \u03b2-diketones, dialkyl disubstituted vinyls, dihaloalkyl disubstituted vinyls, monofunctional, difunctional or multifunctional monomers, oligomers, or polymers thereof, and combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds comprise one or more of diethyl methylene malonate, fenchyl methyl methylene malonate, methylmethoxy ethyl methylene malonate, hexyl methyl methylene malonate, and dibutyl methylene malonate.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymerizable composition is substantially free of a solvent.
5. A method of initiating polymerization comprising:
contacting a polymerizable composition with a substrate, the polymerizable composition comprising one or more 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds and one or more conductive synergists selected from the group of non-nucleophilic conductive materials; and
passing an electrical charge through the polymerizable composition to initiate polymerization; and
wherein the one or more conductive synergists reduce the set time of the polymerizable composition to about 20 minutes or less once polymerization is initiated.
6. A method of initiating polymerization comprising:
contacting a polymerizable composition with a substrate, the polymerizable composition comprising one or more 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds and one or more acid stabilizers and one or more free radical stabilizers, and wherein the one or more acid stabilizers and the one or more free radical stabilizers are included in a ratio of about 10:100 to a ratio of 10:1,000 or more; and
passing an electrical charge through the polymerizable composition to initiate polymerization.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical charge is provided by one or more of an electrochemical charge, direct current, alternating current, and an electron beam.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the electrical charge comprises about 30 volts or more and about 1 amp or more.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymerizable composition is an adhesive, and the polymerizable composition has a tensile shear strength of about 800 psi to about 2,500 psi when cured.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymerizable composition electrografts to the conductive substrate.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymerizable composition has an impact resistance of about 6 Jin2 to about 7 Jin2.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of quenching polymerization before curing of the polymerization composition has been reached by adding a weak acid.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the conductive substrate comprises one or more of aluminum, steel, stainless steel, copper, brass, metal alloy, conductive polymer, polymer composites containing conductive materials, or graphite.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymerizable composition is disposed between the conductive substrate and a second conductive substrate; and
wherein the electrical charge is passed through the first conductive substrate to the second conductive substrate.
15. The method of claim 5, wherein the polymerizable composition is substantially free of a solvent.
16. The method of claim 5, wherein the polymerizable composition electrografts to the conductive substrate.
17. The method of claim 5, wherein the conductive substrate comprises one or more of aluminum, steel, stainless steel, copper, brass, metal alloy, conductive polymer, polymer composites containing conductive materials, or graphite.
18. The method of claim 6, wherein the polymerizable composition is substantially free of a solvent.
19. The method of claim 6, wherein the polymerizable composition electrografts to the conductive substrate.
20. The method of claim 6, wherein the conductive substrate comprises one or more of aluminum, steel, stainless steel, copper, brass, metal alloy, conductive polymer, polymer composites containing conductive materials, or graphite.