1. A shovel, comprising:
a turning drive unit,
the turning drive unit including
a turning electric motor;
a turning speed reducer configured to transmit a rotational driving force of the turning electric motor to a turnable body; and
a brake unit configured to maintain the turnable body in a state where turning of the turnable body is stopped,
wherein the turning speed reducer includes a planetary speed reducer including a planetary carrier,
wherein the planetary carrier includes
an output shaft part that forms an output shaft; and
a carrier part that holds a planetary gear in such a manner as to allow rotation of the planetary gear,
wherein the output shaft part and the carrier part are fastened by a fastening member,
wherein the brake unit includes a brake disk configured to rotate with the output shaft part,
wherein the output shaft part includes a radially extending disk portion, and
wherein the disk portion includes a disk holding portion at an outer radial end of the disk portion, the disk holding portion holding the brake disk.
2. The shovel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the turning drive unit further includes a spring that presses a piston, the piston being configured to press a brake plate against the brake disk.
3. A shovel, comprising:
a turning drive unit,
the turning drive unit including
a turning electric motor;
a turning speed reducer configured to transmit a rotational driving force of the turning electric motor to a turnable body; and
a brake unit configured to maintain the turnable body in a state where turning of the turnable body is stopped,
wherein the turning speed reducer includes a planetary speed reducer including a planetary carrier,
wherein the planetary carrier includes
an output shaft part that forms an output shaft; and
a carrier part that holds a planetary gear in such a manner as to allow rotation of the planetary gear,
wherein the output shaft part and the carrier part are fastened by a fastening member, and
wherein a plurality of tap holes for attaching jigs is formed in the carrier part, the jigs being used to prevent the carrier part and the output shaft part from rotating together at a time of fastening or loosening the fastening member.
4. The shovel as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of tap holes for attaching jigs is formed in the carrier part, the jigs being used to prevent the carrier part and the output shaft part from rotating together at a time of fastening or loosening the fastening member.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Artificial turf for use with an artificial turf system, which may further include a base layer and a support layer, comprising:
a backing having pile tufts of between \xbc\u2033 to 4\u2033 in length secured on its upper surface, said backing comprising one of a porous synthetic foam and a porous backing sheet;
a non-porous filler of particles shaped to have no sharp edges, and of substantially equal size interspersed over said backing and about said tufts up to at least half said tuft length; whereby,
said artificial turf retains a G-max within 7% of a G-max of 100 throughout extended use.
2. The artificial turf of claim 1 wherein said filler comprises one of silicon dioxide particles and glass beads colored one of natural, brown, green, red, and black.
3. The artificial turf of claim 1 wherein said particles are between 8 and 60 mesh.
4. The artificial turf of claim 1 wherein said foam comprises one of latex, polyurethane, polyethylene and is up to 1 cm thick.
5. The artificial turf of claim 1 wherein said tufts comprise synthetic ribbons of between 132\u2033 to \u215c\u2033 width.
6. The artificial turf of claim 1 wherein said particles are spread over said backing fabric evenly to a depth of between 0.25\u2033 to 2.00.\u2033
7. The artificial turf of claim 1 wherein said particles are sized within about five mesh sizes.
8. Artificial turf for use with an artificial turf system, which may include a base layer and a support layer comprising:
a backing supporting pile tufts of between \xbc\u2033 and 4\u2033 in length, said tufts comprising synthetic extrusions;
said backing including a porous synthetic layer for securing said pile tufts in position;
a non-pilling filler of glass beads distributed over said backing and about said tufts;
said filler being substantially evenly distributed over said backing at between 1 and 6 pounds per square foot and to a depth which covers between \xbc\u2033 to \xbe\u2033 of said tuft length; whereby
said tufts are maintained in an upstanding position while porosity through said filler is substantially maintained to be equal because pilling does not occur.
9. The artificial turf system of claim 8 wherein said glass beads are substantially round and maintain an angle of repose less than 25\xb0.
10. The artificial turf system of claim 8 wherein said glass beads are between 8 and 60 mesh.
11. The artificial turf system of claim 8 wherein said glass beads are within five mesh sizes.
12. An artificial turf system including a support layer, a base layer and an upper layer wherein;
a stabilizer sheet disposed over the entire area comprising said support layer;
said upper layer includes a backing carrying \xbc\u2033 to 4\u2033 pile tufts, said pile tufts being formed of synthetic ribbons;
a filler comprised of at least one of coated silicone dioxide beads and glass beads spread evenly over said backing fabric and about said pile tufts;
said filler having no rough edges or projections and ranging in size between 0.25 mm and 5 mm;
said base layer comprising a mat formed of interconnected cells, said mat being carried by said stabilizer sheet and disposed between said support layer and said outer layer; wherein
said support layer, said base layer and said outer layer form said artificial turf system with a permanent G-max within about 20% of a G-max of 100.
13. The artificial turf system of claim 12 wherein said glass beads are round and are evenly dispersed over said backing at between 4 and 6 pounds per square foot.
14. A method of producing synthetic athletic field and landscape using environmentally safe aggregate filler formed of glass beads comprising:
crushing glass cullet and passing said crushed glass into a heating chamber;
heating said crushed glass to a state slightly less than molten and tumbling said heated crushed glass until substantially round beads are formed;
sizing said beads to be between five mesh sizes;
providing a backing fabric carrying synthetic tufts of between about 1\u2033 and 3\u2033 extending upward for a first surface;
evenly applying said beads onto said first surface of said backing fabric providing a non-pilling filler in an amount weighing up to between about 1 and 6 pounds per square foot; and
providing that said beads are disposed between and around said tufts to maintain said tufts erect while providing a substantially level upper surface and even drainage throughout.
15. The method of claim 14 including mixing synthetic polymers with said slightly less than molten crushed glass prior to tumbling.
16. The method of claim 14 including forming said cullet from at least one of broken, discarded and recycled glass.
17. The method of claim 14 including forming said glass beads to have a substantially constant diameter.
18. The method of claim 14 including forming said glass beads to be between 8 and 60 mesh.
19. The method of claim 14 providing that said crushed glass comprise glass dust of between 80 and 300 mesh prior tumbling.
20. The method of claim 19 including forming said glass beads to be between 6 and 80 mesh.
21. The method of claim 19 including mixing synthetic polymers with said glass dust during tumbling.
22. A hydrophobic non-toxic aggregate filler for use with artificial turf including backing surfaces supporting pile tufts comprising:
generally round glass beads having a generally smooth outer surface formed to between 6 and 80 mesh;
said beads having a specific gravity of between 1.01 and 2.50; whereby
said beads, when spread over said backing surfaces and about said tufts of said artificial turf, maintain said tufts generally vertical while producing an angle of repose of less than 25% providing a constant porosity through said beads to said backing surfaces.
23. The filler of claim 22 wherein said glass forming said beads is at least in part recycled
24. The filler of claim 22 wherein said beads include synthetic polymers.
25. The filler of claim 22 wherein said beads include one of silver ions and nitrate.
26. The filler of claim 22 wherein said beads include color pigment.
27. The filler of claim 22 wherein said beads include fragrances.
28. The filler of claim 22 wherein said beads include polymers.
29. The filler of claim 22 wherein said beads include an ultraviolet stabilizer.
30. The filler of claim 22 wherein said beads include a coolant.