1. A light polarizing article comprising a light-transmitting substrate, a first functional layer (i) comprising a plurality of polarizing dye molecules, each of the polarizing dye molecules having ionic groups thereon, and a second functional layer (ii) differing from the first functional layer, a first coupling layer (iii) comprising a molecular structure that includes ionic groups having charges opposite that of the ionic groups of the polarizing dye molecules of the first functional layer, or groups capable of forming ions having charges opposite that of the ionic groups of the polarizing dye molecules of the first functional layer, the first coupling layer being disposed between the first functional layer and the second functional layer and abutting the first functional layer.
2. The light polarizing article according to claim 1, wherein the second functional layer (ii) has a structure that is essentially free of ionic groups.
3. The light polarizing article according to claim 1, wherein the polarizing dye molecules of the first functional layer include anionic groups, and wherein the first coupling layer (iii) comprises a molecular structure having a cationic group.
4. The light polarizing article according to claim 3, wherein the polarizing dye molecules of the first functional layer include anionic groups, and wherein the first coupling layer (iii) comprises a molecular structure having at least one group selected from the group consisting of: protonated primary amine groups, unprotonated primary amine groups, secondary amine groups, tertiary amine groups, and quaternary amine groups.
5. The light polarizing article according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the polarizing dye molecules of the first functional layer have sulphonic groups.
6. The light polarizing article according to claim 1, wherein the first coupling layer (iii) comprises one of a linear polysiloxane and a crosslinked polysiloxane.
7. The light polarizing article according to claim 6, wherein the polysiloxane in the first coupling layer (iii) comprises at least one of the following interconnected structural units and protonated derivatives thereof:
wherein:
R1, independently and at each occurrence, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, a substituted C3-C7 alkyl, an unsubstituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, a substituted phenyl, and an unsubstituted phenyl,
where R7, R8 and R10, independently and at each occurrence, are selected from a substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, a substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, an unsusbstituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, a substituted phenyl, and an unsusbstituted phenyl, and
R9, independently and at each occurrence, is selected from a substituted C1-C6 alkylene, an unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylene, a substituted phenylene, and an unsubstituted phenylene, and a substituted oxyalkylene, an unsubstituted oxyalkylene,
R2, independently and at each occurrence, is selected from hydrogen, a substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, a substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, an unsubstituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, a substituted phenyl, and an unsubstituted phenyl,
R3, independently and at each occurrence, is selected from a substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylene,
R4 and R5, independently and at each occurrence, are selected from a substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, a substituted C1-C7 cycloalkyl, an unsubstituted C1-C7 cycloalkyl, a substituted phenyl, and an unsusbstituted phenyl, and
R6, independently and at each occurrence, is selected from a substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, a substituted C1-C7 cycloalkyl, an unsubstituted C1-C7 cycloalkyl, a substituted phenyl, and an unsubstituted phenyl.
8. The light polarizing article according to claim 7, wherein the polysiloxane in the first coupling layer (iii) is selected from the group of polymers consisting of: \u03b3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, \u03b3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-\u03b2-(aminoethyl)-\u03b3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-\u03b2-(aminoethyl)-\u03b3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, mixtures thereof, and combinations thereof.
9. The light polarizing article according to claim 1, wherein the second functional layer (ii) comprises a scratch-resistant layer, the scratch-resistant layer comprising at least one of poly(meth)acrylates and polysiloxane.
10. The light polarizing article according to claim 1, wherein the first functional layer (i) further comprises a stabilizing polymer, wherein the stabilizing polymer in the first functional layer (i) is a linear polysiloxane or a crosslinked polysiloxane.
11. The light polarizing article according to claim 10, wherein the stabilizing polymer in the first functional layer (i) is one of a linear polymer and a cross-linked polymer selected from the group consisting of: polyaminosiloxane, polyepoxysiloxane mixtures thereof, and combinations thereof.
12. The light polarizing article according to claim 1, further comprising a second coupling layer (iv) disposed between the first coupling layer (iii) and the second functional layer (ii) and abutting the first coupling layer (iii), wherein the second coupling layer comprises polyepoxysilane.
13. The light polarizing article according to claim 1, wherein the polarizing dye molecules are aligned substantially in parallel to each other.
14. A process for making a light polarizing article, the process comprising the steps of:
(A) providing a light transmitting substrate having at least one surface;
(C) forming a light polarizing layer over at least part of the surface of the substrate, said light polarizing layer comprising a plurality of polarizing dye molecules having ionic groups;
(E) forming a protective layer over the light polarizing layer;
wherein between steps (C) and (E), there is an additional step (D) as follows:
(D) forming a first coupling layer on the light polarizing layer, the first coupling layer comprising a molecular structure having ionic groups, the ionic groups having charges opposite that of the ionic groups of the polarizing dye molecules of the light polarizing layer, or groups capable of forming ions having charges opposite to the polarizing dye molecules of the light polarizing layer.
15. The process according to claim 14, wherein the polarizing dye molecules of the light polarizing layer include anionic groups, and the first coupling layer comprises a molecular structure having at least one of cationic groups and groups capable of forming cationic groups.
16. The process according to claim 14, wherein the polarizing dye molecules of the light polarizing layer include anionic groups, and wherein the first coupling layer comprises a molecular structure having at least one of a protonated primary amine group, an unprotonated primary amine group, a secondary amine group, a tertiary amine group, and a quaternary amine group.
17. The process according to claim 14, wherein at least part of the polarizing dye molecules of the light polarizing layer has a sulphonic group.
18. The process according to claim 14, wherein the first coupling layer comprises one of a linear polysiloxane and a crosslinked polysiloxane.
19. The process according to claim 18, wherein the polysiloxane in the first coupling layer comprises at least one of the following interconnected structures and protonated derivatives thereof:
wherein:
R1, independently and at each occurrence, is selected from hydrogen, a substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, a substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, an unsusbstituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, and a substituted phenyl, an unsusbstituted phenyl,
where R7, R8 and R10, independently and at each occurrence, are selected from a substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, a substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, an unsubstituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, a substituted phenyl, and an unsusbstituted phenyl, and
is R9, independently and at each occurrence, is selected from a substituted C1-C6 alkylene, an unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylene, a substituted phenylene, and an unsubstituted phenylene, a substituted oxyalkylene, and an unsubstituted oxyalkylene,
R2, independently and at each occurrence, is selected from hydrogen, a substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an unsusbstituted C1-C6 alkyl, a substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, an unsubstituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, a substituted phenyl, and an unsubstituted phenyl,
R3, independently and at each occurrence, is selected from a substituted C1-C6 alkylene and an unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylene,
R4 and R5 independently and at each occurrence, are selected from a substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an unsusbstituted C1-C6 alkyl, a substituted C1-C7 cycloalkyl, an unsubstituted C1-C7 cycloalkyl, a substituted phenyl, and an unsubstituted phenyl, and
R6, independently and at each occurrence, is selected from a substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an unsusbstituted C1-C6 alkyl, a substituted C1-C7 cycloalkyl, an unsubstituted C1-C7 cycloalkyl, a substituted phenyl, and an unsubstituted phenyl.
20. The process according to claim 18, wherein the polysiloxane is selected from polymers of: \u03b3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, \u03b3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-\u03b2-(aminoethyl)-\u03b3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-\u03b2-(aminoethyl)-\u03b3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, mixtures thereof, and combinations thereof.
21. The process according to claim 14, further comprising a step (B) between steps
(A) and (C), as follows:
(B) depositing an inorganic intermediate adhesion layer on the surface of the substrate, said inorganic intermediate adhesion layer abutting the polarizing layer after step (C);
and wherein step (C) comprises the following steps (C1) and (C2):
(C1) forming a plurality of substantially parallel micro-grooves on a surface of the inorganic adhesion layer deposited in step (B) that is farther from the substrate; and
(C2) depositing a light polarizing layer comprising polarizing dye molecules over and abutting the micro-grooves formed in step (C1).
22. The process according to claim 21, wherein step (C2) comprises the steps of:
(C2.1) depositing a layer of polarizing dye molecules over and abutting the micro-grooves formed in step (C1); and
(C2.2) stabilizing the layer of polarizing dye molecules.
23. The process according to claim 22, wherein step (C2.2) comprises the following steps:
(C2.2.1) impregnating the layer of polarizing dye molecules deposited in step (C2.1) with a dispersion of siloxane andor polysiloxane; and optionally
(C2.2.2) at least partially curing the impregnating siloxane andor polysiloxane.
24. A process according to claim 14, wherein the light polarizing layer and the first coupling layer are allowed to undergo chemical reactions that form covalent bonds therebetween in at least one of step (D) and steps subsequent to step (D).
25. The process according to claim 14, further comprising step (DA) between steps (D) and (E), as follows:
(DA) forming a second coupling layer on the first coupling layer, the second coupling layer comprising a structure essentially free of ions.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a plurality of arranged semiconductor modules;
a control device disposed along said plurality of arranged semiconductor modules and driving said plurality of semiconductor modules;
a plurality of signal lines having one end connected to said plurality of semiconductor modules and another end connected to said control device; and
a plurality of connecting members connecting said plurality of signal lines to either of said control device and said plurality of semiconductor modules, respectively, wherein
each of said plurality of connecting members includes:
a fitting portion formed to be fitted to the corresponding signal line, and
a leading portion formed to lead a tip portion of said corresponding signal line to said fitting portion.
2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said leading portion has a tapered shape formed in a periphery of said fitting portion and tilted from a peripheral portion of the leading portion to said fitting portion in a direction along which said corresponding signal line is inserted.
3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said leading portion has a magnetized portion formed adjacently to a periphery of said fitting portion and generating attractive force toward the tip portion of said corresponding signal line.
4. The semiconductor device according to claim 3, wherein the tip portion of each of said plurality of signal lines is magnetized to generate attractive force toward said magnetized portion.
5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the tip portion of each of said plurality of signal lines has a tapered shape.
6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising a guide portion formed to lead the tip portion of said corresponding signal line along a direction along which said corresponding signal line is inserted, said corresponding signal line penetrating said fitting portion.
7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of signal lines has at least two bent portions.
8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein a direction along which said plurality of signal lines are made to extend is different from a direction along which said plurality of arranged semiconductor modules are stacked.
9. The semiconductor device according to claim 8, wherein the direction along which said plurality of signal lines are made to extend is approximately perpendicular to the direction along which said plurality of arranged semiconductor modules are stacked.
10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of semiconductor modules are co-planar with and spaced apart from the control device.