1. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display, the method comprising:
forming a first alignment layer on a first base substrate;
forming a second alignment layer on a second base substrate;
disposing liquid crystal on the first alignment layer or the second alignment layer; and
combining the first base substrate and the second base substrate with each other,
wherein the forming of at least one of the first and second alignment layers comprises;
forming an alignment solution on the first or second base substrate, wherein the alignment solution comprises an alignment agent and a cross-linking agent;
curing the alignment solution at a first temperature to form an alignment layer;
exposing the base substrate to light or an electron beam to align the alignment layer; and
baking the alignment layer at a second temperature,
wherein the first temperature is lower than a cross-linking reaction temperature of the cross-linking agent.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second alignment layers comprises a polymer having a photolytic group.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the alignment agent comprises a cyclobutane dianhydride or a derivative thereof and a diamine.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the alignment agent comprises one or more compounds having Chemical Formula 1, and one or more compounds having Chemical Formula 2:
wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group or alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 6,
wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group or alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 6, a vinyl group (\u2014(CH2)m\u2014CH\u2550CH2, m=0, 1, or 2), or an acetyl group (\u2014(CH2)n\u2014C\u2261CH, n=0, 1, or 2), and X is \u2014S\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, or \u2014NH\u2014.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the cross-linking agent comprises an oxirane compound, a melamine compound, an epoxy compound, an isocyanate compound, a polyol compound, or a bis-azide compound.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the cross-linking agent is expressed by Chemical Formula 3:
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the alignment solution comprises the cross-linking agent in an amount of 0.1 wt % to 7 wt % based on 100 wt % of the alignment solution.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the second temperature is higher than the cross-linking reaction temperature.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the curing of the alignment solution comprises:
pre-curing the alignment solution at a third temperature; and
main curing the alignment solution at a fourth temperature that is higher than the third temperature.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the main curing is performed for a longer period of time than the pre-curing.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the third temperature is in a range of 65\xb0 C. to 80\xb0 C. and the fourth temperature is in a range of 150\xb0 C. to 200\xb0 C., and
the pre-curing is performed for 60 seconds to 300 seconds and the main curing is performed for 600 seconds to 1,000 seconds.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the baking is performed for a longer period of time than the main curing.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the second temperature is in a range of 210\xb0 C. to 240\xb0 C., and the baking is performed for 1,200 seconds to 2,500 seconds.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the light comprises ultraviolet light, infrared light, or far infrared light.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the light is partially polarized or fully polarized light.
16. A method of forming an alignment layer of a liquid crystal display, comprising:
forming an alignment solution on a base substrate;
curing the alignment solution at a first temperature to form an alignment layer;
exposing the base substrate to light or an electron beam to align the alignment layer; and
baking the alignment layer at a second temperature,
wherein the first temperature is lower than a cross-linking reaction temperature of the alignment solution, and
wherein the cross linking agent is expressed by Chemical Formula 3:
17. The method of forming an alignment layer of a liquid crystal display of claim 16, wherein curing the alignment solution comprising pre-curing the alignment solution and main curing the alignment solution.
18. The method of forming an alignment layer of a liquid crystal display of claim 17, wherein the temperature of the pre-curing and the main curing is 190\xb0 C.
19. The method of forming an alignment layer of a liquid crystal display of claim 16, wherein the second temperature is higher than the cross-linking temperature.
20. The method of forming an alignment layer of a liquid crystal display of claim 16, wherein the second temperature is in a range of 210\xb0 C. to 240\xb0 C.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A lighting housing for installation in a building having a source of electrical power, comprising:
a support structure;
a junction box coupled to said support structure and to the source of electrical power;
a lighting enclosure coupled to said support structure and mechanically and electrically supporting an electric light powered from the source of electrical power received through said junction box; and
an RF mesh network transceiver, coupled to said support structure and powered from said junction box, for participation in a mesh network.
2. The lighting housing of claim 1 wherein said support structure is configured for recessed installation within the building and wherein said lighting enclosure is recessed within said support structure.
3. The lighting housing of claim 1 wherein said RF mesh network transceiver provides low voltage operating power to said lighting enclosure.
4. The lighting housing of claim 1 wherein said RF mesh network transceiver includes a mesh router for participation in said mesh network.
5. The lighting housing of claim 2 wherein said RF mesh network transceiver includes a mesh router for participation in said mesh network.
6. The lighting housing of claim 5 wherein said mesh router is compliant with a ZigBee 2007 specification.
7. The lighting housing of claim 4 wherein said RF mesh network transceiver includes an application for controlling said electric light supported by said lighting enclosure.
8. The lighting housing of claim 6 wherein said RF mesh network transceiver includes an application for controlling said electric light supported by said lighting enclosure.
9. A mesh network for a building having a source of electrical power, comprising:
a plurality of lighting housings, each lighting housing installed in the building and including a support structure; a junction box coupled to said support structure and to the source of electrical power; a lighting enclosure coupled to said support structure and mechanically and electrically supporting an electric light powered from the source of electrical power received through said junction box; and an RF mesh network transceiver, coupled to said support structure and powered from said junction box, for participation in a mesh network;
a mesh transmitter transmitting a message to a first one RF mesh network transceiver; and
a mesh receiver receiving said message from a second one RF mesh network transceiver coupled to said one RF mesh network transceiver through one or more other RF mesh network transceivers.
10. A method for constructing a mesh network for a building having a source of electrical power, said method comprising the steps of:
a) installing a plurality of lighting housings in the building, each lighting housing having an electric light powered by the source of electrical power received through a junction box, and each lighting housing including an integrated RF mesh network transceiver;
b) powering each said integrated RF mesh network transceiver through said junction box to provide a plurality of powered RF mesh network transceivers; and
c) forming the mesh network from said plurality of powered RF mesh network transceivers.
11. The mesh network constructing method of claim 10 wherein said support structure is configured for recessed installation within the building and wherein said lighting enclosure is recessed within said support structure.
12. The mesh network constructing method of claim 10 includes providing low voltage operating power to said lighting enclosure using said RF mesh network transceiver.
13. The mesh network constructing method of claim 10 wherein said RF mesh network transceiver includes a mesh router for participation in said mesh network.
14. The mesh network constructing method of claim 11 wherein said RF mesh network transceiver includes a mesh router for participation in said mesh network.
15. The mesh network constructing method of claim 14 wherein said mesh router is compliant with a ZigBee 2007 specification.
16. The mesh network constructing method of claim 13 further comprising controlling said electric light supported by said lighting enclosure using said RF mesh network transceiver.
17. The mesh network constructing method of claim 15 wherein said RF mesh network transceiver includes an application for controlling said electric light supported by said lighting enclosure.