What is claimed is:
1. An operating method for an implantable cardiologic device, in particular a heart pacemaker, comprising the following steps for detection of a significant event or condition a patient is subject to, such as a change from day to night, a pathologic condition or the like:
measurement of intracardiac impedance;
detection of a morphologic signal course of the intracardiac impedance, based on at least one morphologically representative parameter of the signal course;
continuous storage of said parameter from a defined measuring period;
computation of a correlation coefficient for said stored parameter; and
comparison of the correlation coefficient with a reference correlation coefficient, with transgression of a defined deviation of the correlation coefficient from the reference correlation coefficient indicating a presence of one of said significant event or condition.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein for detection of the morphologic signal course of the impedance, a multiplicity of measuring points are recorded as parameter data during a cardiac period.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein two parameter data are recorded which reflect a peak-to-peak amplitude of the signal course.
4. A method according to claim 2, wherein an autocorrelation coefficient of data of the stored parameter is determined as a correlation coefficient.
5. A method according to claim 2, wherein a square or standard deviation of the data of the stored parameter is determined as a correlation coefficient.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the correlation coefficients are continuously computed and compared with the reference correlation coefficients.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the correlation coefficients computed during a certain interval are continuously stored for evaluation purposes.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the stored correlation coefficients are evaluated such that a passage through a minimum is recognized as a change from day to night or from night to day; and wherein the operating method of the implantable cardiologic device is correspondingly adjusted.
9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the stored correlation coefficients are evaluated such that transgression of a defined deviation from reference correlation coefficients is recognized in a significant way as a presence of a possibly pathologic condition of the heart; and wherein the implantable cardiologic device sets a corresponding warning signal.
10. A method according to claim 1, wherein the reference correlation coefficients are adjustable in dependence on a duration of implantation of the implant.
11. A method in particular according to claim 1, wherein on the basis of the parameter data for the intracardiac impedance, the chronological course of the deviation of the individual signal courses thereof from one of an averaged mean signal course, a given reference signal course, or each other is detected and analyzed by means of spectral analysis such that regularly recurring deviations of frequencies that are coupled with physiological functions of the body are detectable.
12. A method according to claim 1, comprising a possibility of selection between said various evaluation methods and parameters.
13. A method according to claim 12, wherein selection takes place automatically in dependence on the preceding evaluation result.
14. A method according to claim 12, wherein selection takes place automatically by presetting the operating program of the implantable device.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for purifying an oxydiphthalic anhydride having structure I, the method comprising steps (a) to (f):
(a) providing a first mixture comprising at least one oxydiphthalic anhydride, at least one solvent, at least one catalyst, and at least one inorganic salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal halide salts, alkaline earth metal halide salts, and mixtures thereof, the oxydiphthalic anhydride being present in the first mixture in an amount of 10 to 30 percent by weight based on total weight of the first mixture;
(b) diluting the first mixture with at least one solvent, to provide a second mixture having a solids content of 10 to 30 percent based on total weight of the second mixture;
(c) filtering the second mixture at a temperature below the crystallization point temperature of the oxydiphthalic anhydride and washing the solid with solvent to provide a mother liquor, a wash liquor, and a third mixture of the oxydiphthalic anhydride and salts;
(d) hydrolyzing by adding (1) a water-soluble acid having a pKa less than or equal to the pKa of oxydiphthalic tetraacid and (2) water to the third mixture, forming a fourth mixture and heating the fourth mixture; wherein the fourth mixture is cooled to provide a solid-liquid mixture; filtering the solid-liquid mixture to provide a mother liquor and solid component; and washing the solid component with water to provide wash liquor and a fifth mixture of oxydiphthalic tetraacid and water; and
(e) ring closing the oxydiphthalic tetraacid by heating the fifth mixture under a temperature and pressure sufficient to convert the oxydiphthalic tetraacid to the oxydiphthalic anhydride, forming a sixth mixture; and
(f) filtering the sixth mixture to obtain substantially pure oxydiphthalic anhydride.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one solvent of step (b) is recycled mother liquor or wash liquor or mixtures thereof from step (c) obtained from a previous batch of first mixture.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the mother liquor, wash liquor, or mixtures thereof are recycled for a sufficient number of times to achieve a steady state concentration of at least one of chlorophthalic anhydride, catalyst, hydroxyphthalic anhydride, and oxydiphthalic anhydride in the mother liquor or wash liquor.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the mother liquor or wash liquor or mixtures thereof are recycled 1 to 20,000 times.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the fifth mixture is in the presence of an organic solvent.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fifth mixture does not contain an organic solvent.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the water of step (d) is recycled water selected from the group consisting of mother liquor, wash liquor, and combinations thereof, from step (d) obtained from a previous batch of the fifth mixture.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the water wash liquor from step (d) is recycled one or more times.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the water wash liquor from step (d) is recycled from one to 20,000 times.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sixth mixture of step (f) comprises less than 100 ppm of an alkali metal ion or alkaline earth metal ion, based on the weight of the oxydiphthalic anhydride present in the sixth mixture.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the sixth mixture of step (f) comprises less than 2000 ppm chlorophthalic acid, based on the weight of the oxydiphthalic anhydride present in the sixth mixture.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the third mixture of step (c) comprises less than 2 weight percent chlorophthalic anhydride.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the sixth mixture of step (e) contains phosphorous in an amount that is less than 100 ppm, based on the weight of the oxydiphthalic anhydride present in the sixth mixture.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one solvent of step (a) is selected from the group consisting of chlorobenzene, ortho-dichlorobenzene, para-dichlorobenzene, 2,4-dichlorotoluene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, diphenyl sulfone, phenetole, anisole, veratrole, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, and mixtures thereof.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one solvent of step (a) is ortho-dichlorobenzene.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the acid of step (d) is phosphoric acid.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal halide is potassium chloride.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst of the first mixture is selected from the group consisting of hexaethylguanidinium chloride, hexaethylguanidinium bromide, hexa-n-butylguanidinium bromide, 1,6-bis(N,N\u2032,N\u2032,N\u2033,N\u2033-penta-n-butylguanidinium)hexane dibromides, 1,6-bis(N-n-butyl-N\u2032,N\u2032,N\u2033,N\u2033-tetraethylguanidinium)hexane dibromides, phosphonium salts, and combinations thereof.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein the third mixture of step (c) comprises less than 2 weight percent of the catalyst.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein the fifth mixture of step (d) comprises less than 30 ppm of the catalyst.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein filtering in step (c) is by means of a DrM filtration unit, a centrifugal filtration unit, filter press, nutsche, rotary drum filter, or belt filter.
22. The method of claim 1, wherein filtering in step (d), is by means of a DrM filtration unit, a centrifugal filtration unit, filter press, nutsche, rotary drum filter, or belt filter.
23. The method of claim 1, wherein filtering in step (f), is by means of a filtration unit characterized by a filter pore size of 0.5 to 2.0 micrometers.
24. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of oxydiphthalic tetraacid in the fourth mixture of step (d) ranges from 5 to 30 weight percent based on total weight of the fourth mixture.
25. The method of claim 1, wherein the substantially pure oxydiphthalic anhydride contains less than 30 ppm potassium, less than 1000 ppm chlorophthalic anhydride, and less than 30 ppm catalyst, based on total weight of the oxydiphthalic anhydride in the sixth mixture.
26. A method for purifying 4,4\u2032-oxydiphthalic anhydride having structure (II), the method comprising steps (a) to (f):
(a) providing a first mixture comprising 4,4\u2032-oxydiphthalic anhydride, ortho-dichlorobenzene, at least one catalyst including hexaethylguanidinium chloride, and potassium chloride, the 4,4\u2032-oxydiphthalic anhydride being present in the first mixture in an amount of 10 to 30 percent by weight based on total weight of the first mixture;
(b) diluting the first mixture with ortho-dichlorobenzene to provide a second mixture having a solids content of 10 to 30 percent based on total weight of the second mixture;
(c) filtering the second mixture at a temperature of 5\xb0 C. to 150\xb0 C. and washing the solids with ortho-dichlorobenzene to provide a mother liquor, a wash liquor, and a third mixture of the 4,4\u2032-oxydiphthalic anhydride and potassium chloride;
(d) hydrolyzing by adding phosphoric acid and water to the third mixture, forming a fourth mixture and heating the fourth mixture and subsequently cooling the fourth mixture, wherein a portion of the liquid of the fourth mixture is decanted, rediluted with water, filtered and washed with water to provide wash liquor and a fifth mixture of 4,4\u2032-oxydiphthalic tetraacid and water;
(e) ring closing the oxydiphthalic tetraacid by heating the fifth mixture under a temperature and pressure sufficient to convert the 4,4\u2032-oxydiphthalic tetraacid to the 4,4\u2032-oxydiphthalic anhydride, forming a sixth mixture; and
(f) filtering the sixth mixture to obtain substantially pure 4,4\u2032-oxydiphthalic anhydride.
27. The method of claim 1, wherein the substantially pure oxydiphthalic anhydride obtained in step (f) has insoluble impurities in an amount more than 0 and less than 150 ppm relative to the 4,4\u2032-oxydiphthalic anhydride.
28. The method of claim 1, wherein a portion of liquid is decanted from the solid-liquid mixture, and the remaining solid-liquid mixture is rediluted with water before filtering.