1. A connecting arrangement for connecting at least two body components of a motor vehicle, comprising:
a pressure distributor provided with a first passage opening, the pressure distributor configured to supportingly bear against a surface portion of a first body component with the first passage opening overlapping with a second passage opening of the first body component, and
an elastic clamping element on a first side of the pressure distributor facing away from the first body component on a first side of the body component, the elastic clamping element having a third passage opening generally aligned with the first passage opening and the second passage opening; and
a pulling device including
a headpiece positioned at least partially within the third passage opening of the elastic clamping element on the first side of the first body component, and
a pulling element extending through the first passage opening, the second passage opening, and the third passage opening from a second side of the first body component to engage the headpiece such that a pulling force on the pulling element is transmitted to the first body component via the headpiece, the elastic clamping element, and the pressure distributor.
2. The connecting arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the clamping element comprises a thermoplastic.
3. The connecting arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the clamping element comprises a urethane.
4. The connecting arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the clamping element comprises a shore-D hardness of approximately 60 to approximately 110.
5. The connecting arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the pressure distributor on the first side facing away from the body component comprises a spherical cap-shaped receptacle that is configured to receive the clamping element.
6. The connecting arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the clamping element comprises a spherical cap-shaped outside formed correspondingly with the receptacle of the pressure distributor.
7. The connecting arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the headpiece of the pulling device is a radially expanded flange-like headpiece that is self-supporting on an opening rim of the passage opening of the clamping element, the headpiece defining internal threads that engage with external threads on the pulling element.
8. The connecting arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the opening rim is formed as a depression receiving the headpiece in a surface-flush manner.
9. The connecting arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the headpiece and the opening rim comprise an anti-rotation structure each corresponding to one another.
10. The connecting arrangement according to claim 9, wherein the anti-rotation structure of the headpiece and the opening rim is formed by a first serrated structure portion on the headpiece and a second serrated structure portion on the opening rim that engages the first serrated structure portion.
11. The connecting arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the clamping element comprises a polyamide.
12. The connecting arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the clamping element comprises a polystyrene.
13. The connecting arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the clamping element comprises a polypropylene.
14. The connecting arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the pressure distributor includes a second side facing toward the body component, and wherein the pressure distributor further includes marginal flange portions extending from the second side to engage the body component and a plurality of support webs extending from the second side to engage the body component between the marginal flange portions.
15. A motor or vehicle body, comprising:
a first body component;
a second body component;
a connecting arrangement configured to connect the first body component and the second body component, the connecting arrangement comprising:
a pressure distributor provided with a first passage opening, the pressure distributor configured to supportingly bear against a surface portion of the first body component with the first passage opening overlapping with a second passage opening of the body component, and
an elastic clamping element on an outside of the pressure distributor facing away from the first body component on a first side of the body component, the elastic clamping element having a third passage opening generally aligned with the first passage opening and the second passage opening;
a pulling device including
a headpiece positioned at least partially within the third passage opening of the elastic clamping element on the first side of the first body component, and
a pulling element extending through the first passage opening, the second passage opening, and the third passage opening from a second side of the first body component to engage the headpiece such that a pulling force on the pulling element is transmitted to the first body component via the headpiece, the elastic clamping element, and the pressure distributor.
16. The motor vehicle body according to claim 15, wherein the first body component comprises a fiber-reinforced plastic or is formed from such at least in regions.
17. The motor vehicle body according to claim 15, wherein the first body component comprises a carbon fiber material.
18. The motor vehicle body according to claim 15, wherein the first body component is formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic at least in regions.
19. The motor vehicle body according to claim 15, wherein the first body component is formed from a carbon fiber material in at least regions.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for the manufacturing of a cycloether derivative comprising
(i) stereoselective cyclodehydration in water of 1,4- or 1,5-diols comprising at least one chiral tertiary alcohol functional group with retention of the initial chirality, andor
(ii) cyclodehydration in water of 1,4- or 1,5-diols, said diols being non-miscible with andor non-soluble in water,
into corresponding cycloether derivatives, said process comprising:
bringing a reaction mixture of (i) water and 1,4- or 1,5-diols comprising at least one chiral tertiary alcohol functional group with retention of the initial chirality andor (ii) water and 1,4- or 1,5-diols, said diols being non-miscible with andor non-soluble in water to high temperature water (HTW) conditions andor mixing a reaction mixture of (i) water and 1,4- or 1,5-diols comprising at least one chiral tertiary alcohol functional group with retention of the initial chirality andor (ii) water and 1,4- or 1,5-diols, said diols being non-miscible with andor non-soluble in water with a solid catalyst.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the cycloether derivative is of general formula (IIa) or (IIb)
wherein:
R1 and R2 are the same or different and are selected from optionally substituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, and an heterocyclic group, or R1 and R2 form a substituted or unsubstituted ring with R3 or R4, or form together a substituted or unsubstituted ring,
R3 and R4 are the same or different and are an hydrogen atom or selected from optionally substituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, and an heterocyclic group, or R3 and R4 form a substituted or unsubstituted ring with R1 or R2 andor with R5 or R6, or form together a substituted or unsubstituted ring,
R5 and R6 are the same or different and are an hydrogen atom or selected from optionally substituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, and an heterocyclic group, or R5 and R6 form a substituted or unsubstituted ring with R3 or R4 andor with R7 or R8 when applicable, or form together a substituted or unsubstituted ring,
R7 and R8 are the same or different and are an hydrogen atom or selected from optionally substituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, and an heterocyclic group, or R7 and R8 form a substituted or unsubstituted ring with R5 or R6 andor with R9 or R10 when applicable, or form together a substituted or unsubstituted ring, and
R9 and R10 are the same or different and are an hydrogen atom or selected from optionally substituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, and an heterocyclic group, or R9 and R10 form a substituted or unsubstituted ring with R7 or R8, or form together a substituted or unsubstituted ring; and
the process comprises cyclodehydration of respectively a 1,4- or 1,5-diol of general formula (Ia) or (Ib)
wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 are as described above.
3. The process according to claim 2, wherein R1 and R2 are different, the corresponding alcohol functional group being a chiral tertiary alcohol functional group.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the solid catalyst is a montmorillonite.
5. A device for implementing a process according to claim 1, comprising a pressured vessel which may be packed with a solid catalyst, the pressured vessel being preferably associated with a heating device capable of heating the walls of the vessel.
6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the 1,4-diol is ambradiol and wherein the cycloether derivative isambrafuran, preferably (\u2212)-ambrafuran.
7. The process according to claim 6, further comprising a preliminary step of biological conversion of sclareol into ambradiol.
8. The process according to claim 7, wherein ambradiol is purified using supercritical extraction.
9. The process according to claim 6, further comprising a preliminary step of biological conversion of sclareol into sclareolide.
10. The process according to claim 9, wherein sclareolide is purified using supercritical extraction.
11. The process according to claim 6, wherein the process is continuous or semi-continuous.
12. The process according to claim 7, wherein in the step of biological conversion, sclareol is contacted with a microorganism capable of converting it into sclareolide or ambradiol, said microorganism being in an aqueous nutrient medium.
13. The process according to claim 12, wherein the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of Cryptococcus albidus saito, skinner var. albidus, ATCC 20918 and Cryptococcus albidus, ATCC 20921, and is capable to convert sclareol into sclareolide.
14. The process according to claim 12, wherein the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of Hyphozyma roseoniger (CBS214.83 and ATCC 20624) and is capable to convert sclareol into ambradiol.