1. A method including:
receiving, by a computing device, a definition for a trading strategy, wherein the trading strategy includes a first tradeable object and a second tradeable object;
selecting, by the computing device, a first server to process one or more trade orders for the first tradeable object and a second server to process one or more trade orders for the second tradeable object; and
sending, by the computing device, the definition for the trading strategy to the first server and the second server.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting includes automatically selecting the first and second servers.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein selecting includes automatically selecting based on a distance between the first server and an electronic exchange for the first tradeable object and a distance between the second server and an electronic exchange for the second tradeable object.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein selecting includes automatically selecting based on a performance parameter of the first server and a performance parameter of the second server.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting includes receiving a selection command that defines the first and second servers.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first tradeable object is to be traded at a first electronic exchange and a second tradeable object is to be traded at a second electronic exchange.
7. A method including:
receiving, by a computing device, a definition for a trading strategy, wherein the trading strategy includes a first tradeable object and a second tradeable object;
selecting, by the computing device, a first server to process one or more trade orders for the first tradeable object and a second server to process one or more trade orders for the second tradeable object; and
selecting, by the computing device, either the first server or the second server as a control server that reports synthetic trade order data to a trading device; and
notifying, by the computing device, the first server or the second server that was selected as the control server.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first server or the second server that was not selected as the control server does not report synthetic trade order data to the trading device.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the first tradeable object is to be traded at a first electronic exchange and a second tradeable object is to be traded at a second electronic exchange.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein selecting includes automatically selecting the first and second servers.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein selecting includes automatically selecting based on a distance between the first server and an electronic exchange for the first tradeable object and a distance between the second server and an electronic exchange for the second tradeable object.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein selecting includes automatically selecting based on a performance parameter of the first server and a performance parameter of the second server.
13. The method of claim 7, wherein selecting includes receiving a selection command that defines the first and second servers.
14. A system including:
a computing device to facilitate definition of a trading strategy, wherein the trading strategy includes a first tradeable object and a second tradeable object, the computing device to select a first server to process one or more trade orders for the first tradeable object and a second server to process one or more trade orders for the second tradeable object, the computing device to send the definition for the trading strategy to the first server and the second server.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the trading device comprises an automated trading engine client to facilitate the one or more trade orders with respect to the first server and the second server.
16. The server of claim 14, wherein the computing device is to automatically select the first and second servers.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the computing device is to automatically select the first and second servers based on a distance between the first server and an electronic exchange for the first tradeable object and a distance between the second server and an electronic exchange for the second tradeable object.
18. The system of claim 16, wherein the computing device is to automatically select the first and second servers based on a performance parameter of the first server and a performance parameter of the second server.
19. The system of claim 14, wherein the computing device is to receive a selection command that defines the first and second servers.
20. The system of claim 14, wherein the first tradeable object is to be traded at a first electronic exchange and a second tradeable object is to be traded at a second electronic exchange.
21. A system including:
a computing device to facilitate definition of a trading strategy, wherein the trading strategy includes a first tradeable object and a second tradeable object, the computing device to select a first server to process one or more trade orders for the first tradeable object and a second server to process one or more trade orders for the second tradeable object, the computing device to send the definition for the trading strategy to the first server and the second server, the computing device to select one of the first server and the second server as a control server to report synthetic trade order data, wherein the computing device is to notify the first server or the second server selected as the control server.
22. The system of claim 21, wherein the first server or the second server that was not selected as the control server is not to report synthetic trade order data to the trading device.
23. The system of claim 21, wherein the trading device comprises an automated trading engine client to facilitate the one or more trade orders with respect to the first server and the second server.
24. The server of claim 21, wherein the computing device is to automatically select the first and second servers.
25. The system of claim 24, wherein the computing device is to automatically select the first and second servers based on a distance between the first server and an electronic exchange for the first tradeable object and a distance between the second server and an electronic exchange for the second tradeable object.
26. The system of claim 24, wherein the computing device is to automatically select the first and second servers based on a performance parameter of the first server and a performance parameter of the second server.
27. The system of claim 21, wherein the computing device is to receive a selection command that defines the first and second servers.
28. The system of claim 21, wherein the first tradeable object is to be traded at a first electronic exchange and a second tradeable object is to be traded at a second electronic exchange
29. A tangible computer readable storage medium including a set of instructions for execution by a processor, the set of instructions, when executed, implement a method including:
receiving a definition for a trading strategy, wherein the trading strategy includes a first tradeable object and a second tradeable object;
selecting a first server to process one or more trade orders for the first tradeable object and a second server to process one or more trade orders for the second tradeable object; and
sending the definition for the trading strategy to the first server and the second server.
30. A tangible computer readable storage medium including a set of instructions for execution by a processor, the set of instructions, when executed, implement a method including:
receiving a definition for a trading strategy, wherein the trading strategy includes a first tradeable object and a second tradeable object;
selecting a first server to process one or more trade orders for the first tradeable object and a second server to process one or more trade orders for the second tradeable object; and
selecting either the first server or the second server as a control server that reports synthetic trade order data to a trading device; and
notifying the first server or the second server that was selected as the control server.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A receiver for receiving modulation symbols whose phases are rotated once from a transmitter in a wireless communication system, comprising:
first and second decoders for detecting symbol pairs that minimize maximum likelihood (ML) decoding metrics over all possible symbol pairs using signals received by a receive antenna from three transmit antennas for four time periods and channel gains from the transmit antennas to the receive antenna,
wherein if the modulation symbols are BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) symbols, the first decoder computes parameters
R
1
=
\u2062
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
+
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
4
R
3
=
\u2062
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
–
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
4
–
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
3
*
R
13
=
\u2062
j
\u2061
(
C
1
+
C
3
)
2
C
1
=
\u2062
–
\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
–
\u03b1\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
C
3
=
\u2062
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
–
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b3\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
and the second decoder computes parameters
R
2
=
\u2062
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
3
*
+
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
4
R
4
=
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
1
–
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
2
*
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
4
R
24
=
\u2062
j
\u2061
(
C
2
+
C
4
)
2
C
2
=
\u2062
\u03b1\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
+
\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
C
4
=
\u2062
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b3\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
–
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
where \u03b1, \u03b2 and \u03b3 are the channel gains and r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the received signals, and R and C are variables,
and the first decoder finds a symbol pair (x1, x3) that minimizes |R1\u2212x1|2+|R3\u2212x3|2+|R13\u2212x1*x3|2, and the second decoder finds a symbol (x2, x4) that minimizes |R2\u2212x2|2+|R4\u2212x4|2+|R24\u2212x2*x4|2.
2. A receiver for receiving modulation symbols whose phases are rotated once from a transmitter in a wireless communication system, comprising:
first and second decoders for detecting symbol pairs that minimize maximum likelihood (ML) decoding metrics over all possible symbol pairs using signals received by a receive antenna from three transmit antennas for four time periods and channel gains from the transmit antennas to the receive antenna,
wherein if the modulation symbols are QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) or 8PSK (8-ary PSK) symbols, the first decoder computes parameters
R
1
=
\u2062
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
v
*
\u2062
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
4
R
3
=
\u2062
v
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
4
–
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
3
*
R
13
=
\u2062
–
(
C
1
+
C
3
)
2
C
1
=
\u2062
–
\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2062
v
\u2062
2
+
\u03b1\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
C
3
=
\u2062
\u03b3\u03b2
*
\u2062
v
\u2062
2
–
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
and the second decoder computes parameters
R
2
=
\u2062
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
3
*
+
v
*
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
4
R
4
=
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
1
–
v
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
2
*
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
4
R
24
=
\u2062
–
(
C
2
+
C
4
)
2
C
2
=
\u2062
–
\u03b1\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
+
v
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
C
4
=
\u2062
–
v
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b3\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
+
\u03b3
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
where \u03b1, \u03b2 and \u03b3 are the channel gains, r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the received signals, and v is a phase value by which the transmitter rotates the phases of the symbols, and R and C are variables,
and the first decoder finds a symbol pair (x1, x3) that minimizes |R1\u2212x1|2+|R3\u2212x3|2+|R13\u2212x1*x3|2, and the second decoder finds a symbol pair (x2, x4) that minimizes |R2\u2212x2|2+|R4\u2212x4|2+|R24\u2212x2*x4|2.
3. A receiver for receiving modulation symbols whose phases are rotated once from a transmitter in a wireless communication system, comprising:
first and second decoders for detecting symbol pairs that minimize maximum likelihood (ML) decoding metrics over all possible symbol pairs using signals received by a receive antenna from three transmit antennas for four time periods and channel gains from the transmit antennas to the receive antenna,
wherein if the modulation symbols are 16QAM (16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) or 64QAM (64-ary QAM) symbols, the first decoder computes parameters
R
1
=
\u2062
(
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
v
*
\u2062
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
4
)
K
3
R
3
=
\u2062
(
v
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b3
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
4
–
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
3
*
)
K
3
R
13
=
\u2062
–
(
C
1
+
C
3
)
2
\u2062
K
3
K
3
=
\u2062
\uf603
\u03b1
\uf604
2
+
\uf603
\u03b2
\uf604
2
+
\uf603
\u03b3
\uf604
2
C
1
=
\u2062
–
\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2062
v
\u2062
2
+
\u03b1\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
C
3
=
\u2062
\u03b3\u03b2
*
\u2062
v
\u2062
2
–
\u03b3
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
and the second decoder computes parameters
R
2
=
\u2062
(
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
3
*
+
v
*
\u2062
y
*
\u2062
r
4
)
K
3
R
4
=
\u2062
(
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
1
–
v
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
2
*
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
4
)
K
3
R
24
=
\u2062
–
(
C
2
+
C
4
)
2
\u2062
K
3
C
2
=
\u2062
–
\u03b1\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
+
\u03bd\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
C
4
=
\u2062
–
\u03bd\u03b3\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
+
\u03b3
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
where \u03b1, \u03b2 and \u03b3 are the channel gains, r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the received signals, and v is a phase value by which the transmitter rotates the phases of the symbols, and R, K and C are variables,
and the first decoder finds a symbol pair (x1, x3) that minimizes |R1\u2212x1|2+|R3\u2212x3|2+|R13\u2212x1*x3|2\u2212|x1|2|x3|2, and the second decoder finds a symbol pair (x2, x4) that minimizes |R2\u2212x2|2+|R4\u2212x4|2+|R24\u2212x2*x4|2\u2212|x2|2|x4|2.
4. A receiver for receiving modulation symbols whose phases are rotated once from a transmitter in a wireless communication system, comprising:
first and second decoders for detecting symbol pairs that minimize maximum likelihood (ML) decoding metrics over all possible symbol pairs using signals received by a receive antenna from four transmit antennas for four time periods and channel gains from the transmit antennas to the receive antenna,
wherein if the modulation symbols are BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) symbols, the first decoder computes parameters
R
1
=
\u2062
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b6
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
+
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
4
R
3
=
\u2062
\u03b6
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
–
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
4
–
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
R
13
=
\u2062
–
(
C
1
+
C
3
)
C
1
=
\u2062
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b3
+
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b1\u03b3
*
C
3
=
\u2062
\u03b6
*
\u2062
\u03b2
–
\u03b6\u03b2
*
and the second decoder computes parameters
R
2
=
\u2062
\u03b2
*
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
+
\u03b6
*
\u2062
r
4
R
4
=
\u2062
\u03b6
*
\u2062
r
1
–
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03b2
*
\u2062
r
4
R
24
=
\u2062
–
(
C
2
+
C
4
)
C
2
=
\u2062
\u03b6\u03b2
*
–
\u03b6
*
\u2062
\u03b2
C
4
=
\u2062
–
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b1\u03b3
*
–
j
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b3\u03b1
*
where \u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3 and \u03be are the channel gains and r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the received signals, and R and C are variables,
and the first decoder finds a symbol pair (x1, x3) that minimizes |R1\u2212x1|2+|R3\u2212x3|2+|R13\u2212x1*x3|2, and the second decoder finds a symbol pair (x2, x4) that minimizes |R2\u2212x2|2+|R4\u2212x4|2+|R24\u2212x2*x4|2.
5. A receiver for receiving modulation symbols whose phases are rotated once from a transmitter in a wireless communication system, comprising:
first and second decoders for detecting symbol pairs that minimize maximum likelihood (ML) decoding metrics over all possible symbol pairs using signals received by a receive antenna from four transmit antennas for four time periods and channel gains from the transmit antennas to the receive antenna,
wherein if the modulation symbols are QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) or 8PSK (8-ary PSK) symbols, the first decoder computes parameters
R
1
=
\u2062
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b6
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
v
*
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
4
R
3
=
\u2062
v
\u2062
\u2062
\u03b6
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
4
–
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
R
13
=
\u2062
–
(
C
1
+
C
3
)
C
1
=
\u2062
–
\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
v
+
\u03b1\u03b3
*
C
3
=
\u2062
\u03b6\u03b2
*
\u2062
v
–
\u03b6
*
\u2062
\u03b2
and the second decoder computes parameters
R
2
=
\u03b2
*
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
+
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b6
*
\u2062
r
4
R
4
=
\u03b6
*
r
1
–
\u03bd\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03b2
*
\u2062
r
4
R
24
=
–
(
C
2
\u2062
+
C
4
)
C
2
=
–
\u03b1\u03b3
*
+
\u03bd\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b3
C
4
=
–
\u03bd\u03b6\u03b2
*
+
\u03b6
*
\u2062
\u03b2
where \u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3 and \u03be are the channel gains, r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the received signals, and v is a phase value by which the transmitter rotates the phases of the symbols, and R and C are variables,
and the first decoder finds a symbol pair (x1, x3) that minimizes |R1\u2212x1|2+|R3\u2212x3|2+|R13\u2212x1*x3|2, and the second decoder finds a symbol pair (x2, x4 that minimizes |R2\u2212x2|2+|R4\u2212x4|2+|R24\u2212x2*x4|2.
6. A receiver for receiving modulation symbols whose phases are rotated once from a transmitter in a wireless communication system, comprising:
first and second decoders for detecting symbol pairs that minimize maximum likelihood (ML) decoding metrics over all possible symbol pairs using signals received by a receive antenna from four transmit antennas for four time periods and channel gains from the transmit antennas to the receive antenna,
wherein if the modulation symbols are 16QAM (16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) or 64QAM (64-ary QAM) symbols, the first decoder computes parameters
R
1
=
(
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b6
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
4
)
K
4
R
3
=
(
\u03bd\u03b6
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
4
–
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
)
K
4
R
13
=
–
(
C
1
+
C
3
)
K
4
K
4
=
\u2758
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2758
2
\u2062
+
\u2758
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2758
2
\u2062
+
\u2758
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2758
2
C
1
=
–
\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b3\u03bd
+
\u03b1\u03b3
*
C
3
=
\u03b6\u03b2
*
\u2062
\u03bd
–
\u03b6
*
\u2062
\u03b2
and the second decoder computes parameters
R
2
=
(
\u03b2
*
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
+
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b6
*
\u2062
r
4
)
K
4
R
4
=
(
\u03b6
*
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03bd\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03b2
*
\u2062
r
4
)
K
4
R
24
=
–
(
C
2
+
C
4
)
K
4
C
2
=
–
\u03b1\u03b3
*
+
\u03bd\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b3
C
4
=
–
\u03bd\u03b6\u03b2
*
+
\u03b6
*
\u2062
\u03b2
where \u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3 and \u03be are the channel gains, r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the received signals, and v is a phase value by which the transmitter rotates the phases of the symbols, and R, K and C are variables,
and the first decoder finds a symbol pair (x1, x3) that minimizes |R1\u2212x1|2+|R3\u2212x3|2+|R13\u2212x1*x3|2\u2212|x1|2|x3|2, and the second decoder finds a symbol pair (x2, x4) that minimizes |R2\u2212x2|2+|R4\u2212x4|2+|R24\u2212x2*x4|2\u2212x2|2|x4|2.
7. A receiver for receiving PSK (Phase Shift Keying) modulation symbols whose phases are rotated once from a transmitter in a wireless communication system, comprising:
first and second decoders for selecting candidate symbol pairs among all possible symbol pairs using signals received by a receive antenna from three transmit antennas for four time periods and channel gains from the transmit antennas to the receive antenna, and detecting symbol pairs that minimize maximum likelihood (ML) decoding metrics over the candidate symbol pairs,
wherein the first decoder computes parameters
R
1
=
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
4
R
3
=
\u03bd\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
4
–
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
3
*
R
13
=
–
(
C
1
+
C
3
)
2
C
1
=
–
\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b2\u03bd
\u2062
2
+
\u03b1\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
C
3
=
\u03b3\u03b2
*
\u2062
\u03bd
\u2062
2
–
\u03b3
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
and the second decoder computes parameters
R
2
=
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
3
*
+
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
4
R
4
=
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03bd\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
2
*
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
4
R
24
=
–
(
C
2
+
C
4
)
2
C
2
=
–
\u03b1\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
+
\u03bd\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
C
4
=
\u03bd\u03b3\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
+
\u03b3
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
where \u03b1, \u03b2 and \u03b3 are the channel gains and r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the received signals, and R and C are variables, and the first decoder finds all possible symbol pairs (x1, x3) as the candidate symbol pairs, symbol x3 being a constellation point closest to R3+x1R13, and the second decoder finds all possible symbol pairs (x2, x4) as the candidate symbol pairs, symbol x4 being a constellation point closest to R4x2R24.
8. A receiver for receiving QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) modulation symbols whose phases are rotated once from a transmitter in a wireless communication system, comprising:
first and second decoders for selecting candidate symbol pairs among all possible symbol pairs using signals received by a receive antenna from three transmit antennas for four time periods and channel gains from the transmit antennas to the receive antenna, and detecting symbol pairs that minimize maximum likelihood (ML) decoding metrics over the candidate symbol pairs,
wherein the first decoder computes parameters
R
1
=
(
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
4
)
K
3
R
3
=
(
\u03bd\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
4
–
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
3
*
)
K
3
R
13
=
–
(
C
1
+
C
3
)
2
\u2062
K
3
K
3
=
\u2758
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2758
2
\u2062
+
\u2758
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2758
2
\u2062
+
\u2758
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2758
2
C
1
=
–
\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b2\u03bd
\u2062
2
+
\u03b1\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
C
3
=
\u03b3\u03b2
*
\u2062
\u03bd
\u2062
2
–
\u03b3
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
and the second decoder computes parameters
R
2
=
(
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
3
*
+
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
4
)
K
3
R
4
=
(
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03bd\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
2
*
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
4
)
K
3
R
24
=
–
(
C
2
+
C
4
)
2
\u2062
K
3
C
2
=
–
\u03b1\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
+
\u03bd\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
C
4
=
–
\u03bd\u03b3\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
+
\u03b3
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
where \u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3 and \u03be are the channel gains, r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the received signals, and v is a phase value by which the transmitter rotates the phases of the symbols, and R, K and C are variables,
and the first and second decoders find all possible symbol pairs (x1, x3) and (x2, x4) as the candidate symbol pairs, symbols x3 and x4 being the constellation points closest to R3+x1R13 and R4+x2R24, respectively.
9. A receiver for receiving PSK (Phase Shift Keying) modulation symbols whose phases are rotated once from a transmitter in a wireless communication system, comprising:
first and second decoders for selecting candidate symbol pairs among all possible symbol pairs using signals received by a receive antenna from four transmit antennas for four time periods and channel gains from the transmit antennas to the receive antenna, and detecting symbol pairs that minimize maximum likelihood (ML) decoding metrics over the candidate symbol pairs,
wherein the first decoder computes parameters
R
1
=
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b6
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
4
R
3
=
\u03bd\u03b6
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
4
–
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
R
13
=
–
(
C
1
+
C
3
)
C
1
=
–
\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b3\u03bd
+
\u03b1\u03b3
*
C
3
=
\u03b6\u03b2
*
\u2062
\u03bd
–
\u03b6
*
\u2062
\u03b2
and the second decoder computes parameters
R
2
=
\u03b2
*
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
+
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b6
*
\u2062
r
4
R
4
=
\u03b6
*
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03bd\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03b2
*
\u2062
r
4
R
24
=
–
(
C
2
+
C
4
)
C
2
=
–
\u03b1\u03b3
*
+
\u03bd\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b3
C
4
=
–
\u03bd\u03b6\u03b2
*
+
\u03b6
*
\u2062
\u03b2
where \u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3 and \u03be are the channel gains, r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the received signals, and v is a phase value by which the transmitter rotates the phases of the symbols, and R and C are variables,
and the first decoder finds all possible symbol pairs (x1, x3) as the candidate symbol pairs, symbol x3 being a constellation point closest to R3+x1R13, and the second decoder finds all possible symbol pairs (x2, x4) as the candidate symbol pairs, symbol x4 being a constellation point closest to R4+x2R24.
10. A receiver for receiving QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) modulation symbols whose phases are rotated once from a transmitter in a wireless communication system, comprising:
first and second decoders for selecting candidate symbol pairs among all possible symbol pairs using signals received by a receive antenna from four transmit antennas for four time periods and channel gains from the transmit antennas to the receive antenna, and detecting symbol pairs that minimize maximum likelihood (ML) decoding metrics over the candidate symbol pairs,
wherein the first decoder computes parameters
R
1
=
(
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b6
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
4
)
K
4
R
3
=
(
\u03bd\u03b6
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
4
–
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
)
K
4
R
13
=
–
(
C
1
+
C
3
)
K
4
K
4
=
\u2758
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2758
2
\u2062
+
\u2758
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2758
2
\u2062
+
\u2758
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2758
2
C
1
=
–
\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b3\u03bd
+
\u03b1\u03b3
*
C
3
=
\u03b6\u03b2
*
\u2062
\u03bd
–
\u03b6
*
\u2062
\u03b2
and the second decoder computes parameters
R
2
=
(
\u03b2
*
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
+
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b6
*
\u2062
r
4
)
K
4
R
4
=
(
\u03b6
*
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03bd\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03b2
*
\u2062
r
4
)
K
4
R
24
=
–
(
C
2
+
C
4
)
K
4
C
2
=
–
\u03b1\u03b3
*
+
\u03bd\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b3
C
4
=
–
\u03bd\u03b6\u03b2
*
+
\u03b6
*
\u2062
\u03b2
where \u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3 and \u03be are the channel gains, r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the received signals, and v is a phase value by which the transmitter rotates the phases of the symbols, and R, K and C are variables,
and the first decoder finds all possible symbol pairs (x1, x3) as the candidate symbol pairs, symbol x3 being a constellation point closest to R3+x1R13, and the second decoder finds all possible symbol pairs (x2, x4) as the candidate symbol pair, symbol x4 being a constellation point closest to R4+x2R24.
11. A receiver for receiving PSK (Phase Shift Keying) modulation symbols whose phases are rotated once from a transmitter in a wireless communication system, comprising:
first and second decoders for selecting candidate symbol pairs among all possible symbol pairs using signals received by a receive antenna from three transmit antennas for four time periods and channel gains from the transmit antennas to the receive antenna, and detecting symbol pairs that minimize maximum likelihood (ML) decoding metrics over the candidate symbol pairs,
wherein the first decoder computes
R
1
=
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
4
R
3
=
\u03bd\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
4
–
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
3
*
R
13
=
–
(
C
1
+
C
3
)
2
C
1
\u2062
=
–
\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b2\u03bd
\u2062
2
+
\u03b1\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
C
3
=
\u03b3\u03b2
*
\u2062
\u03bd
\u2062
2
–
\u03b3
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
where \u03b1, \u03b2 and \u03b3 are the channel gains, r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the received signals, and v is a predetermined phase value by which the transmitter rotates the phases of the symbols, and R and C are variables,
outputs a symbol pair (x1, x3) if x1*x3=x13, x1 being the closest symbol to R13, x3 being the closest symbol to R3, and x13 being the closest symbol to R13, and if x1*x3\u2260x13, computes an angle \u03a6d by dividing the angle between x13 and x1*x3 by 2 and selects symbols whose angles are within \u03a6d from x1 and x3, respectively, as the candidate symbols,
and the second decoder computes
R
2
=
\u03b2
*
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
3
*
+
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
4
R
4
=
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03bd\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
2
*
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03b2
\u2062
1
2
\u2062
r
4
R
24
=
–
(
C
2
+
C
4
)
2
C
2
=
–
\u03b1\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
+
\u03bd\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
C
4
=
–
\u03bd\u03b3\u03b2
*
\u2062
2
+
\u03b3
*
\u2062
\u03b2
\u2062
2
where \u03b1, \u03b2 and \u03b3 are the channel gains, r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the received signals, and v is the predetermined phase value by which the transmitter rotates the phases of the symbols, and R and C are variables,
outputs a symbol pair (x2, x4) if x2*x4=x24, x2 being the closest symbol to R2, x4 being the closest symbol to R4, and x24 being the closest symbol to R24, and if x2*x4\u2260x13, computes an angle \u03a6d\u2032 by dividing the angle between x24 and x2*x4 by 2 and selects symbols whose angles are within \u03a6d\u2032 from x2 and x4, respectively, as the candidate symbols.
12. A receiver for receiving PSK (Phase Shift Keying) modulation symbols whose phases are rotated once from a transmitter in a wireless communication system, comprising:
first and second decoders for selecting candidate symbol pairs among all possible symbol pairs using signals received by a receive antenna from four transmit antennas for four time periods and channel gains from the transmit antennas to the receive antenna, and detecting symbol pairs that minimize maximum likelihood (ML) decoding metrics over the candidate symbol pairs,
wherein the first decoder computes
R
1
=
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b6
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
4
R
3
=
\u03bd\u03b6
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
*
\u2062
r
1
+
\u03b1
*
\u2062
r
4
–
\u03b2
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
R
13
=
–
(
C
1
+
C
3
)
C
1
=
\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b3\u03bd
+
\u03b1\u03b3
*
C
3
=
\u03b6\u03b2
*
\u2062
\u03bd
–
\u03b6
*
\u2062
\u03b2
where \u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3 and \u03be are the channel gains, r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the received signals, and v is a predetermined phase value by which the transmitter rotates the phases of the symbols, and R and C are variables,
outputs a symbol pair (x1, x3) if x1*x3=x13, x1 being the closest symbol to R1, x3 being the closest symbol to R3, and x13 being the closest symbol to R13, and if x1*x3\u2260x13, computes an angle \u03a6d by dividing the angle between x13 and x1*x3 by 2 and selects symbols whose angles are within \u03a6d from x1 and x3, respectively, as the candidate symbols,
and the second decoder computes
R
2
=
\u03b2
*
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
+
\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
+
\u03bd
*
\u2062
\u03b6
*
\u2062
r
4
R
4
=
\u03b6
*
\u2062
r
1
–
\u03bd\u03b3
\u2062
\u2062
r
2
*
–
\u03b1
\u2062
\u2062
r
3
*
–
\u03b2
*
\u2062
r
4
R
24
=
–
(
C
2
+
C
4
)
C
2
=
–
\u03b1\u03b3
*
+
\u03bd\u03b1
*
\u2062
\u03b3
C
4
=
–
\u03bd\u03b6\u03b2
*
+
\u03b6
*
\u2062
\u03b2
where \u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3 and \u03be are the channel gains, r1, r2, r3 and r4 are the received signals, and v is the predetermined phase value by which the transmitter rotates the phases of the symbols, and R and C are variables,
outputs a symbol pair (x2, x4) if x2*x4=x24, x2 being the closest symbol to R2, x4 being the closest symbol to R4, and x24 being the closest symbol to R24, and if x2*x4\u2260x13, computes an angle \u03a6d\u2032 by dividing the angle between x24 and x2*x4 by 2 and selects symbols whose angles are within \u03a6d\u2032 from x2 and x4, respectively as the candidate symbols.