1. A driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus to transfer driving power of a driving element of the developing apparatus to a developing element, comprising:
a shaft;
a coupling member comprising:
a coupling drive which is connected to the driving element and to which the driving power is transferred from the driving element,
a coupling gear to which the driving power is transferred from the coupling drive, and
a coupling disc positioned between the coupling drive and the coupling gear to flexibly connect the coupling drive and the coupling gear to each other, and correcting an eccentricity of the shaft between the driving element and the coupling gear; and
a power transferring portion including a plurality of gears so as to transfer the driving power from the coupling member to the developing element,
wherein at least one of the plurality of gears is a reduction gear to reduce a load applied to the coupling member from the developing element, and
a speed reduction ratio between the developing element and the coupling member is greater than 1:1,
a rotation speed of the coupling member is higher than a rotation speed of the developing element, and
a torsional moment applied to the coupling member is smaller than a torsional moment applied to the developing element.
2. The driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising four sliding slots formed at right angles with one another at an outer circumferential surface of the coupling disc.
3. The driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising two pairs of sliding projections formed at respective surfaces of the coupling drive and the coupling gear which face the coupling disc to make an angle of 180\xb0 with each other on the respective surfaces, wherein the pair of sliding projections of the coupling drive and the pair of sliding projections of the coupling gear are alternately inserted into the sliding slots of the coupling disc.
4. The driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the sliding projections have a cylindrical shape.
5. The driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reduction gear includes a first gear meshed with the coupling gear, and a second gear integrally formed with the first gear, the first and second gears comprising respective sets of teeth, the first gear and the second gear have a common rotation shaft, and a number of teeth of the second gear is smaller than a number of teeth of the first gear.
6. The driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the power transferring portion further includes idle gears which transfer the driving power to the developing element while meshing with the second gear and rotating.
7. The driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the power transferring portion transfers the driving power of the driving element to a toner supply element of the developing apparatus.
8. A driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus to transfer driving power of a driving element of the developing apparatus to a developing element, comprising:
a shaft;
a coupling member comprising:
a coupling drive which is connected to the driving element and to which the driving power is transferred from the driving element,
a coupling gear to which the driving power is transferred from the coupling drive, and
a coupling disc positioned between the coupling drive and the coupling gear to flexibly connect the coupling drive and the coupling gear to each other, and correcting an eccentricity of the shaft between the driving element and the coupling gear;
a power transferring portion including a plurality of gears so as to transfer the driving power from the coupling member to the developing element,
wherein at least one of the plurality of gears is a reduction gear to reduce a load applied to the coupling member from the developing element; and
a series of gears connected from the coupling member to the developing element, wherein a speed reduction ratio of the series of gears is greater than 1.5:1.
9. A driving apparatus of a developing apparatus to transfer a driving power of a driving element of the developing apparatus to a developing element of the developing apparatus comprising a shaft, the driving apparatus comprising:
a coupling member which is connected to the driving element and to which the driving power is transferred from the driving element, and correcting an eccentricity of the shaft between the driving element and the coupling member; and
a power transferring portion including a plurality of gears so as to transfer the driving power from the coupling member to the developing element,
wherein at least one of the plurality of gears is a reduction gear to reduce a load applied to the coupling member from the developing element, and
a speed reduction ratio between the developing element and the coupling member is greater than 1:1,
a rotation speed of the coupling member is higher than a rotation speed of the developing element, and
a torsional moment applied to the coupling member is smaller than a torsional moment applied to the developing element.
10. A detachable developing apparatus, comprising:
a shaft;
a photosensitive unit, an electrostatic image being formed thereon by being exposed to a laser;
a developing unit to form a toner image from the electrostatic image by supplying toner to the photosensitive unit;
a driving unit to transfer a driving power supplied to the developing unit;
a toner supply unit to supply the toner to the developing unit;
a coupling member comprising:
a coupling drive connected to the driving unit and to which the driving power is transferred from the driving unit,
a coupling gear to which the driving power is transferred from the coupling drive, and
a coupling disc positioned between the coupling drive and the coupling gear to flexibly connect the coupling drive and the coupling gear to each other, and to correct an eccentricity of the shaft between the driving unit and the coupling gear; and
a power transferring unit comprising a plurality of gears to reduce the driving power from the coupling member to the developing unit,
a speed reduction ratio between the developing unit and the coupling member being greater than 1:1,
a rotation speed of the coupling member is higher than a rotation speed of the developing element, and
a torsional moment applied to the coupling member is smaller than a torsional moment applied to the developing element.
11. A detachable developing apparatus comprising:
a developer unit to develop an electrostatic image with a toner;
a driving unit to transfer a driving power supplied to the developing unit;
a coupling unit to receive the driving force, wherein the coupling unit comprises an Oldham’s coupling mechanism; and
a reduction gear to reduce the received driving force and transfer the reduced driving force to the developer unit,
a speed reduction ratio between the developer unit and the coupling unit being greater than 1:1,
a rotation speed of the coupling member is higher than a rotation speed of the developing element, and
a torsional moment applied to the coupling member is smaller than a torsional moment applied to the developing element.
12. The developing apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a toner supply unit to supply the toner to the developer unit, wherein the reduced driving force is received by the toner supply unit.
13. The developing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the coupling unit comprises a disc having a plurality of slots at an outer circumferential surface thereof.
14. The developing apparatus of claim 13, wherein the coupling unit further comprises a drive to receive the driving force and comprising a projection inserted into one of the slots of the disc.
15. The developing apparatus of claim 13, wherein the coupling unit further comprises a gear to transfer the driving force to the developer unit and comprising a projection inserted into one of the slots of the disc.
16. The developing apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a driving gear to supply the driving force to the coupling unit, wherein the coupling unit corrects an eccentricity of the driving gear.
17. The developing apparatus of claim 16, wherein the coupling unit rotates with the driving gear.
18. A detachable developing apparatus comprising:
a developer unit to develop an electrostatic image with a toner;
a coupling unit to receive a driving force; and
a reduction gear to reduce the received driving force and transfer the reduced driving force to the developer unit, wherein a speed reduction ratio of the reduction gear is 1.5:1 or greater.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process of graft polymerization to generate a graft polymerization composition, comprising:
introducing a disulfide-bond-containing material to a polyfunctional monomer, the disulfide-bond-containing material including a disulfide bond connecting a first portion and a second portion, the polyfunctional monomer including at least one first functional group and at least one second functional group, the first functional group including a disulfide bond breaking material for breaking the disulfide bond and forming a second bond between the first portion and the polyfunctional monomer, the second functional group including a thiol group;
introducing an ene monomer to the disulfide-bond-containing material and a polyfunctional monomer to form a mixture;
initiating a thiol-ene polymerization reaction of the mixture; and
performing a solids reaction without the use of water, aqueous solvents or non-aqueous solvents.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the disulfide bond breaking material includes a thiol group, and the second bond is a disulfide bond.
3. The process of claim 1, further comprising:
initiating the thiol-ene polymerization reaction of the mixture using an initiator that includes at least one of a UV light, a thermal initiator, andor a catalyst.
4. The process of claim 1, further comprising initiating a second polymerization reaction to the graft polymerization composition.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the initiating the second polymerization reaction to the graft polymerization composition includes using an initiator that includes at least one of a UV light, a thermal initiator, andor a catalyst.
6. The process of claim 4, wherein the initiating the second polymerization reaction to the graft polymerization composition includes introducing a third monomer or macromer to the mixture, and self-initiating, via the third monomer or macromer, a second polymerization reaction.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein the second functional group includes at least one ring, the ring being adapted to be opened to form at least a third functional group.
8. The process of claim 2, wherein a molar ratio of the thiol groups and the ene monomer is not greater than 1:1.
9. The process of claim 1, wherein the first and second portions connected by the disulfide bond are cysteine residues.
10. A graft polymer composition, the composition comprising:
a substrate and a thiol-ene polymer, the substrate and the thiol-ene polymer being bonded via a disulfide-bond;
the substrate including a disulfide-bond-containing material, the disulfide-bond-containing material including a disulfide bond connecting a first portion and a second portion; and
the thiol-ene polymer including a polyfunctional monomer and an ene monomer, the polyfunctional monomer including at least one first functional group and at least one second functional group, the first functional group including a disulfide bond breaking material, and the second functional group including a thiol group configured to react with the ene monomer,
wherein the second functional group includes at least one ring, the ring being adapted to be opened to form at least a third functional group.
11. The graft polymer composition of claim 10, wherein the disulfide bond breaking material includes a thiol group.
12. The graft polymer composition of claim 10, wherein the second functional group includes at least one of an acid anhydride, an acyl halide, an alcohol, an aldehyde, an alkene, an alkyne, an amine, a carboxylic acid, an ester andor a thiol.
13. The composition of claim 11, wherein a molar ratio of the thiol groups and the ene monomer is not greater than 1:1.
14. A process of graft polymerization to generate a graft polymerization composition, comprising:
introducing a disulfide-bond-containing material to a polyfunctional monomer, the disulfide-bond-containing material including a disulfide bond connecting a first portion and a second portion, the polyfunctional monomer including at least one first functional group and at least one second functional group, the first functional group including a disulfide bond breaking material for breaking the disulfide bond and forming a second bond between the first portion and the polyfunctional monomer, the second functional group including a thiol group;
introducing an ene monomer to the disulfide-bond-containing material and a polyfunctional monomer to form a mixture;
initiating a thiol-ene polymerization reaction of the mixture;
performing a solids reaction without the use of water, aqueous solvents or non-aqueous solvents, wherein performing the solids reaction includes:
breaking, via the disulfide bond breaking material of the first functional group, the disulfide bond; and
forming the second bond between the first portion and the polyfunctional monomer.